https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=202.154.147.16&feedformat=atomPathfinder Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T13:05:45ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.5https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19158AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-10-04T04:50:51Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
<br />
==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
<br />
===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
<br />
===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Key, contour lines, scale, grid system, trigs, G-MA information, map series and name<br />
<br />
===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
<br />
Decription of land surface showing the shape of the land.<br />
<br />
Shows positions of roads, fences, and other man made objects.<br />
<br />
Indicates a pictorial view from above<br />
<br />
===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
<br />
===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
<br />
[[Image:map key.jpg|thumb|150px|left|map key]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
<br />
====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
<br />
====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
<br />
<br />
====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
<br />
====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
<br />
====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Hollyford map.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Hollyford NZ topo map]]<br />
[[Image:Milford track.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Milford track]]<br />
<br />
This picture of part of the Milford Track gives some idea of the contour lines on the Hollyford Map. These are glacier-formed valleys, U-shaped with steep sides. The Milford, Routeburn and Hollyford tracks are in the same area in Fiordland.<br />
Also pictured is a section of a topographic map. The complete map is produced by by the NZ Govt. This particular map is the old imperial series and has been superseeded by metric series 260. The picture of a map key is the same on any topographic map of a good scale. Hopefully both these map pictures will stay on this page as it is needed to demonstrate map understanding.<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
<br />
====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
<br />
====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
<br />
===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
<br />
====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
<br />
====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
<br />
====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
<br />
<br />
===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
<br />
====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
<br />
====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
<br />
====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
<br />
====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
<br />
==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
<br />
===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
<br />
===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
<br />
===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
The Silva compass is a very good one to use on map work. It has a plastic see through base. To get a good picture with a label of what each part is called cheek out google images.<br />
<br />
===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
<br />
====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
i. Place long edge of compass along the bearing desired.<br />
<br />
ii. Hold compass base on the map and turn compass housing until orienting arrow is parallel to grid lines.<br />
<br />
iii. Correct for G-MA<br />
<br />
iv. Hold compass at waist and turn until needle aligns with orienting arrow. Travel in the direction of travel arrow.<br />
<br />
====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
Point the travel arrow towards where you want to go. Rotate compass housing until the orienting arrow is directly below the magnetic needle. This will give the magnetic bearing.<br />
<br />
====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
Used to check back where you have come from. The bearing should be 180 deg different or the compass can be turned around so that the white end of needle aligns with the orienting arrow. (Check for slipping)<br />
<br />
====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
Set the compass to the required magentic bearing. Follow the travel arrow. It is good practice to look in the direction of travel and find a notable feature in the distance then the compass can go back in your pocket. If visibility poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the desired bearing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. If no rope use same method but go by sight, not letting the runner out of your sight you position him in line with the travel arrow.<br />
<br />
===5. Resection. ===<br />
<br />
====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
<br />
====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
<br />
===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
<br />
<br />
==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
<br />
===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
<br />
===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
<br />
===3. Orion===<br />
A bit hard to describe without producing a picture. I will work on this.<br />
<br />
===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
<br />
But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shaddows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shaddow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shaddows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.<br />
<br />
==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
<br />
===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
<br />
The exercise is not the ability to travel exactly on a bearing between the two points, this is usually imposible in rough wilderness areas. Following an established trail or not so established between the two points would be permissable.<br />
<br />
===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===<br />
Log the pre trip plans of the proposed route.<br />
<br />
Log the actual trip giving grid references for the start point, the camp point, the finsih point.<br />
<br />
Camping in the open means in tents or forestry hut. on some trails it is not permitted to tent within certain distance to the trail, so check.<br />
<br />
Have lots of fun and save lots of memories.</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Recreation&diff=4567Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation2008-09-23T10:51:59Z<p>202.154.147.16: </p>
<hr />
<div>The official answer book by Leland Davis is available through [https://www.adventsource.org/book.aspx?ID=21409 Advent''Source'']. However, it has not been updated since 1998 and it does not include answers for some of the newer honors. These newer honors are noted here. This unofficial answer book is intended to provide a second resource for honor instructors.<br />
<br />
== Index of Recreational Honors (80) ==<br />
{{AY_Stages}}<br />
{| align=center style="background-color: #F7F7FF; border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling|Abseiling]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling - Advanced|Abseiling - Advanced]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling - Instructor|Abseiling - Instructor]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 May, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Archery|Archery]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 May, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Archery - Advanced|Archery - Advanced]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|26 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Backpacking|Backpacking]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|16 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Basketball|Basketball]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|31 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camp Craft|Camp Craft]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|29 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills I|Camping Skills I]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|10 May, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills II|Camping Skills II]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|15 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills III|Camping Skills III]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|2 Apr, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills IV|Camping Skills IV]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Canoe Building|Canoe Building]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|19 Aug, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Canoeing|Canoeing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|10 Aug, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Caving|Caving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Caving - Advanced|Caving - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Community Water Safety|Community Water Safety]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Community Water Safety - Advanced|Community Water Safety - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|22 Jan, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Cycling|Cycling]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Cycling - Advanced|Cycling - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|6 Apr, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drilling & Marching|Drilling & Marching]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drilling & Marching - Advanced|Drilling & Marching - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drumming & Percussion|Drumming & Percussion]]{{ref|new_2006}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 Jan, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Dutch Oven Cooking|Dutch Oven Cooking]] {{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}} <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|13 May, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Fire Building & Camp Cookery|Fire Building & Camp Cookery]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|21 Aug, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Geocaching|Geocaching]] {{ref|new_2005}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
<br />
|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|50%|7 Sep, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Geocaching - Advanced|Geocaching - Advanced]]{{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|20 Mar, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Gold Prospecting|Gold Prospecting]]{{ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Gold Prospecting - Advanced|Gold Prospecting - Advanced]]{{fixed_ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|2 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Hiking|Hiking]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|18 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Horsemanship|Horsemanship]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Horsemanship - Advanced|Horsemanship - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|8 Jul, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Kayaking|Kayaking]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|75%|10 Feb, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Kites|Kites]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Knot Tying|Knot Tying]] <br><br />
{{stage short|Blue Question|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Letterboxing|Letterboxing]] {{ref|new_2008}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue Question|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Letterboxing - Advanced|Letterboxing - Advanced]] {{ref|new_2008}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|8 Sep, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Map and Compass|Map and Compass]]{{division_honor|SPD}}<br> <br />
{{stage short|00%|26 Jul, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Mountain Biking|Mountain Biking]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|25 Mar, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Navigation|Navigation]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|11 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Orienteering|Orienteering]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|7 Feb, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Outdoor Leadership|Outdoor Leadership]] <br><br />
{{stage short|25%|25 Nov, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Outdoor Leadership - Advanced|Outdoor Leadership - Advanced]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|26 Sep, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Physical Fitness|Physical Fitness]] <br><br />
{{stage short|75%|15 Jun, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Pioneering|Pioneering]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Power Boating|Power Boating]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rock Climbing|Rock Climbing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rock Climbing - Advanced|Rock Climbing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|14 Nov, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rowing|Rowing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|28 July, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Sailing|Sailing]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Scuba Diving|Scuba Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Scuba Diving - Advanced|Scuba Diving - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|27 Jul, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skateboarding|Skateboarding]] {{ref|skate}}{{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
<br />
|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skiing - Cross Country|Skiing - Cross Country]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|3 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skiing Downhill|Skiing Downhill]]<br><br />
{{stage short|25%|5 Feb, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skin Diving|Skin Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Slow-Pitch Softball|Slow-Pitch Softball]]{{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|12 Apr, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Soccer|Soccer]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|28 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Springboard Diving|Springboard Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Beginner|Swimming - Beginner]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Advanced Beginner|Swimming - Advanced Beginner]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Intermediate|Swimming - Intermediate]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming|Swimming]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Advanced|Swimming - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Track & Field|Track & Field]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tree Climbing|Tree Climbing]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|75%|22 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Triathlon|Triathlon]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|22 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Triathlon - Advanced|Triathlon - Advanced]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tumbling & Balancing|Tumbling & Balancing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tumbling & Balancing - Advanced|Tumbling & Balancing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Unicycling|Unicycling]] {{fixed_ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wakeboarding|Wakeboarding]] {{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Water Skiing|Water Skiing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Water Skiing - Advanced|Water Skiing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|25 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Leadership|Wilderness Leadership]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|27 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Leadership - Advanced|Wilderness Leadership - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|4 Jul, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Living|Wilderness Living]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wind Surfing|Wind Surfing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|19 Jul, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Winter Camping|Winter Camping]] <br><br />
|}<br />
{{ay_honor_divisions_legend}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
==Index of {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors by Skill Level==<br />
===Skill Level 1 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 1<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
===Skill Level 2 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 2<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
===Skill Level 3 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 3<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
==Notes==<br />
#{{note|drum}} The ''Drumming & Percussion, Drumming & Percussion - Advanced, Dutch Oven Cooking, Slow-Pitch Softball, and Wakeboarding'' honors were introduced in 2006, and therefore have no entry in the official answer books.<br />
#{{note|geo}} The ''Geocaching'' honor was introduced in 2005, so it has no entry in the official Answer Book.<br />
#{{note|new_2008}} The ''Gold Prospecting'', ''Letterboxing'', and ''Unicycling'' honors were introduced in 2008, and therefore have no entry in the official answer books.<br />
#{{note|skate}} The Skateboarding honor was voted to not be used in North America because of insurance regulations.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Triathlon/Answer_Key&diff=10327AY Honors/Triathlon/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:47:13Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* There are variations in Triathlons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
==1. Give three Bible principles and two Spirit of Prophecy principles to support exercise. ==<br />
:How many of you have ever heard: ''When I was your age, I walked to school, uphill, both ways, in the snow''. These days, in general, there is less physical activity than in generations past.<br />
<br />
===Bible Principles===<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Timothy<br />
| chapter = 4<br />
| verse = 8<br />
| version = NIV<br />
| text =<br />
For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 6<br />
| verse = 19-20<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 10<br />
| verse = 31<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
:[http://www.biblegatewaycom You can look up other translations at BibleGateway.com]<br />
<br />
===Spirit of Prophecy:===<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 263.'''''" ''In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible''.<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 493''''': ''It is the privilege and duty of Christians to seek to refresh their spirits and invigorate their bodies by innocent recreation, with the purpose of using their physical and mental powers to the glory of God''.<br />
:* from '''''Education, 207''''': ''Recreation, when true to its name, re-creation, tends to strengthen and build up. Calling us aside from our ordinary cares and occupations, it affords refreshment for mind and body, and thus enables us to return with new vigor to the earnest work of life''.<br />
:* from '''''Ministry of Healing, 238''''': ''Inactivity is a fruitful cause of disease. Exercise quickens and equalizes the circulation of the blood, but in idleness the blood does not circulate freely, and the changes in it, so necessary to life and health, do not take place. The skin, too, becomes inactive. Impurities are not expelled as they would be if the circulation had been quickened by vigorous exercise, the skin kept in a healthy condition, and the lungs fed with plenty of pure, fresh air. This state of the system throws a double burden on the excretory organs, and disease is the result''.<br />
<br />
==2. Give a report on the correct diet to maintain peak physical condition and how this was maintained for the duration of training. Include fluid intake during and pre- competition, and in-competition food intake. ==<br />
==3a. Give guidelines for correct training, including warm-up, stretching, injury prevention, prevention of overtraining, etc. ==<br />
==3b. Present your regular training program. ==<br />
:''(If you already train regularly, all the notes here are moot, otherwise, here are some thoughts)''.<br />
<br />
:It is often said: ''If you fail to plan, you plan to fail''.<br />
<br />
:* You should take the time to sit down and create a training schedule.<br />
<br />
:* Sit down with a calendar and determine on which days of the week you can put time aside for your training.<br />
<br />
:* You should train on a different sport each day. For example, swim one day, rest the next day, bike the next, rest the next, and run on the following day. I think that's five days, right? You've probably earned a rest until the next week. <br />
<br />
:* Don't forget to ease into a training program, especially if you have not had a regular training program. <br />
<br />
:* Commit yourself to this schedule, and follow it.<br />
<br />
:* And do not forget to: Enjoy!<br />
<br />
==3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. ==<br />
<br />
Here are some thoughts on the equipment you may need to get you to the finish line.<br />
<br />
====There are variations in Triathlons==== <br />
Some are Canoe/kayak, mountain bike, run. With various distances. So essensial equipment for the kayak leg. Kayak or sea kayak (or any canoe for the beginner) paddle, lifejacket a must you will not be able to compete without one, helmet if needed, sun-glasses. A mountain bike due to the course being off road. The WaiTri 2008 even had carrying the bike in the river under road bridges and in the run leg involved a river crossing twice. Water waste high. Makes running in wet shoes filled with fine grit interesting.<br />
<br />
====For the Swim====<br />
*Swimsuit — A snug-fit suit will reduce drag in the water. This can be a standard swimsuit or you can get a specialized tri suit which also has bike-type shorts and a form-fitting top which you can wear through the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Goggles — Make sure they fit well and allows you to see.<br />
<br />
*Swim Cap — Usually the race provides this, however you may want one when you train.<br />
<br />
*Wetsuit — ''(Optional, unless you train or race in cold water)''. A wetsuit helps keep you warm and buoyant and preserves some of your energy for the rest of the race.<br />
<br />
*Lubricant — ''(Optional)''. Lubricants helps when removing the wetsuit. It also prevents chafing from clothing. (Petroleum-based products such as Vaseline can degrade wetsuit material and are therefore not recommended.)<br />
<br />
*Anti-Fog Solution or Spray — ''(Optional but works wonders to keep your goggles from fogging up, especially in cold water)''.<br />
<br />
====For the Bike====<br />
*Bike — A road bike's lighter frame and narrower tires will be faster than a mountain bike, but lots of first-timers use whatever kind of bike they have.<br />
<br />
*Shoes — These can be your running shoes used with toe clips on your pedals or rigid biking shoes with cleats that attach to the pedals. Stiffer soled bike shoes deliver more power to your pedal stroke and can prevent your feet from going numb as you ride.<br />
<br />
*Helmet — Any approved bike helmet that fits. You will need one.<br />
<br />
*Sunglasses — Protects your eyes from glare and grit on the road.<br />
<br />
*Bike Gloves — For short (sprint-distance) races you can omit these to save time. Your hands probably won't feel the difference. It is nice to have on longer rides.<br />
<br />
*Shirt — You may already be in your swimsuit or the top you wore in the swim. You may like to have a dry shirt on in cooler conditions.<br />
<br />
*Bike Shorts — ''(Optional)''. You may wear a tri suit which has a thin pad for the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Socks — ''(Optional)''. Cotton will cause blisters.<br />
<br />
*Water Bottles — One, two. Depends on the distance and the temperature.<br />
<br />
*Bike Pump — Attach one to your bike's frame.<br />
<br />
*Spare Tube/Patch Kit — Keep in a small under-seat bag. Nothing is more frustrating than standing on the sidelines during a race with no way to fix your tire. You will also need to know how to fix a flat or change your tire.<br />
<br />
*Bike Computer — ''(Optional)''. Nice to have to keep track of distance, time and speed.<br />
<br />
====For the Run====<br />
*Running Shoes — You can also add speed laces to save time.<br />
<br />
*Socks — You will likely want socks for the run to prevent blisters.<br />
<br />
*Sun Hat — Shade your face.<br />
<br />
*Race Belt — ''(Optional)''. Allows you to attach your race number quickly after the bike leg.<br />
<br />
====For Transitions====<br />
*Towel — To dry off as well as to wipe your feet off between the swim and biking.<br />
<br />
*Gels, Bars, Sports Drink — Keep nearby when you bike ride and run.<br />
<br />
*Sunscreen — Apply before the bike or run so that you do not burn.<br />
<br />
*Day Pack or Duffel Bag — You need to carry your stuff, right?<br />
<br />
====Other Gear to Consider====<br />
*Sports Watch — ''(Optional)''. This does not have to be expensive helps you with training and pacing.<br />
<br />
*Heart Rate Monitor — ''(Optional)''. Helps keep you within your target heart-rate zone when you train.<br />
<br />
==4. Exhibit knowledge of the techniques of swimming, cycling and running. ==<br />
:Review, as needed.<br />
<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling - Advanced}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Intermediate}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced}}<br />
<br />
==5. Compete in all three aspects of a recognized triathlon event, either solo or as a team member, where the triathlon is similar to: ==<br />
===a. Swim—500m ===<br />
:* That's 546 yards (or so, ''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===b. Cycle—15km ===<br />
:* That's 9.32057 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===c. Run—10km ===<br />
:* That's 6.21371 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===d. within 4.5 hours. ===<br />
:* YOU can do it!<br />
<br />
===There are several types/distances in triathlons:===<br />
*The shortest is a '''''sprint''''' which has a 1/2-mile swim, 15-mile ride, 3.1-mile run. ''(800-m swim, 24.1-km ride, 5-km run)''<br />
*The next is '''''Olympic''''' distance with a 1-mile swim, 30-mile ride, 6-mile run. ''(1600-m swim, 48.2k-m ride, 10-km run)''<br />
*'''''Half-ironman'''''.<br />
*Hawaii's famous (and grueling) '''''Ironman'''''<small><sup>TM</sup></small> with a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile ride, 26.2-mile run. ''(3862-m swim, 180-km ride, 42.195-km run)''<br />
*Invercargill New Zealand's '''Wai Tri''' gets compeditors from all over NZ.<br />
<br />
Triathlon: Kayak (5kms), Mtb (15kms), Run (7.8kms). Check out a more detailed description in the equiptment section<br />
<br />
Duathlon: Mtb (15kms), Run (7.8kms)<br />
<br />
Novice / Schools : Mtb (3.9kms), Run (3.9kms)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.usatriathlon.com/MultiSport101/Training.aspx USA Triathlon]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Triathlon/Answer_Key&diff=10326AY Honors/Triathlon/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:44:16Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* There are several types/distances in triathlons: */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
==1. Give three Bible principles and two Spirit of Prophecy principles to support exercise. ==<br />
:How many of you have ever heard: ''When I was your age, I walked to school, uphill, both ways, in the snow''. These days, in general, there is less physical activity than in generations past.<br />
<br />
===Bible Principles===<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Timothy<br />
| chapter = 4<br />
| verse = 8<br />
| version = NIV<br />
| text =<br />
For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 6<br />
| verse = 19-20<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 10<br />
| verse = 31<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
:[http://www.biblegatewaycom You can look up other translations at BibleGateway.com]<br />
<br />
===Spirit of Prophecy:===<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 263.'''''" ''In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible''.<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 493''''': ''It is the privilege and duty of Christians to seek to refresh their spirits and invigorate their bodies by innocent recreation, with the purpose of using their physical and mental powers to the glory of God''.<br />
:* from '''''Education, 207''''': ''Recreation, when true to its name, re-creation, tends to strengthen and build up. Calling us aside from our ordinary cares and occupations, it affords refreshment for mind and body, and thus enables us to return with new vigor to the earnest work of life''.<br />
:* from '''''Ministry of Healing, 238''''': ''Inactivity is a fruitful cause of disease. Exercise quickens and equalizes the circulation of the blood, but in idleness the blood does not circulate freely, and the changes in it, so necessary to life and health, do not take place. The skin, too, becomes inactive. Impurities are not expelled as they would be if the circulation had been quickened by vigorous exercise, the skin kept in a healthy condition, and the lungs fed with plenty of pure, fresh air. This state of the system throws a double burden on the excretory organs, and disease is the result''.<br />
<br />
==2. Give a report on the correct diet to maintain peak physical condition and how this was maintained for the duration of training. Include fluid intake during and pre- competition, and in-competition food intake. ==<br />
==3a. Give guidelines for correct training, including warm-up, stretching, injury prevention, prevention of overtraining, etc. ==<br />
==3b. Present your regular training program. ==<br />
:''(If you already train regularly, all the notes here are moot, otherwise, here are some thoughts)''.<br />
<br />
:It is often said: ''If you fail to plan, you plan to fail''.<br />
<br />
:* You should take the time to sit down and create a training schedule.<br />
<br />
:* Sit down with a calendar and determine on which days of the week you can put time aside for your training.<br />
<br />
:* You should train on a different sport each day. For example, swim one day, rest the next day, bike the next, rest the next, and run on the following day. I think that's five days, right? You've probably earned a rest until the next week. <br />
<br />
:* Don't forget to ease into a training program, especially if you have not had a regular training program. <br />
<br />
:* Commit yourself to this schedule, and follow it.<br />
<br />
:* And do not forget to: Enjoy!<br />
<br />
==3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. ==<br />
<br />
Here are some thoughts on the equipment you may need to get you to the finish line.<br />
<br />
====There are variations in Triathlons==== <br />
Some are Canoe/kayak, mountain bike, run. With various distances. So essensial equipment for the kayak leg. Kayak or sea kayak (or any canoe for the beginner) paddle, lifejacket a must you will not be able to compete without one, helmet if needed.A mountain bike due to the course being off road. The WaiTri 2008 even had carrying the bike in the river under road bridges and in the run leg involved a river crossing twice. Water waste high. Makes running in wet shoes filled with fine grit interesting.<br />
<br />
====For the Swim====<br />
*Swimsuit — A snug-fit suit will reduce drag in the water. This can be a standard swimsuit or you can get a specialized tri suit which also has bike-type shorts and a form-fitting top which you can wear through the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Goggles — Make sure they fit well and allows you to see.<br />
<br />
*Swim Cap — Usually the race provides this, however you may want one when you train.<br />
<br />
*Wetsuit — ''(Optional, unless you train or race in cold water)''. A wetsuit helps keep you warm and buoyant and preserves some of your energy for the rest of the race.<br />
<br />
*Lubricant — ''(Optional)''. Lubricants helps when removing the wetsuit. It also prevents chafing from clothing. (Petroleum-based products such as Vaseline can degrade wetsuit material and are therefore not recommended.)<br />
<br />
*Anti-Fog Solution or Spray — ''(Optional but works wonders to keep your goggles from fogging up, especially in cold water)''.<br />
<br />
====For the Bike====<br />
*Bike — A road bike's lighter frame and narrower tires will be faster than a mountain bike, but lots of first-timers use whatever kind of bike they have.<br />
<br />
*Shoes — These can be your running shoes used with toe clips on your pedals or rigid biking shoes with cleats that attach to the pedals. Stiffer soled bike shoes deliver more power to your pedal stroke and can prevent your feet from going numb as you ride.<br />
<br />
*Helmet — Any approved bike helmet that fits. You will need one.<br />
<br />
*Sunglasses — Protects your eyes from glare and grit on the road.<br />
<br />
*Bike Gloves — For short (sprint-distance) races you can omit these to save time. Your hands probably won't feel the difference. It is nice to have on longer rides.<br />
<br />
*Shirt — You may already be in your swimsuit or the top you wore in the swim. You may like to have a dry shirt on in cooler conditions.<br />
<br />
*Bike Shorts — ''(Optional)''. You may wear a tri suit which has a thin pad for the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Socks — ''(Optional)''. Cotton will cause blisters.<br />
<br />
*Water Bottles — One, two. Depends on the distance and the temperature.<br />
<br />
*Bike Pump — Attach one to your bike's frame.<br />
<br />
*Spare Tube/Patch Kit — Keep in a small under-seat bag. Nothing is more frustrating than standing on the sidelines during a race with no way to fix your tire. You will also need to know how to fix a flat or change your tire.<br />
<br />
*Bike Computer — ''(Optional)''. Nice to have to keep track of distance, time and speed.<br />
<br />
====For the Run====<br />
*Running Shoes — You can also add speed laces to save time.<br />
<br />
*Socks — You will likely want socks for the run to prevent blisters.<br />
<br />
*Sun Hat — Shade your face.<br />
<br />
*Race Belt — ''(Optional)''. Allows you to attach your race number quickly after the bike leg.<br />
<br />
====For Transitions====<br />
*Towel — To dry off as well as to wipe your feet off between the swim and biking.<br />
<br />
*Gels, Bars, Sports Drink — Keep nearby when you bike ride and run.<br />
<br />
*Sunscreen — Apply before the bike or run so that you do not burn.<br />
<br />
*Day Pack or Duffel Bag — You need to carry your stuff, right?<br />
<br />
====Other Gear to Consider====<br />
*Sports Watch — ''(Optional)''. This does not have to be expensive helps you with training and pacing.<br />
<br />
*Heart Rate Monitor — ''(Optional)''. Helps keep you within your target heart-rate zone when you train.<br />
<br />
==4. Exhibit knowledge of the techniques of swimming, cycling and running. ==<br />
:Review, as needed.<br />
<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling - Advanced}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Intermediate}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced}}<br />
<br />
==5. Compete in all three aspects of a recognized triathlon event, either solo or as a team member, where the triathlon is similar to: ==<br />
===a. Swim—500m ===<br />
:* That's 546 yards (or so, ''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===b. Cycle—15km ===<br />
:* That's 9.32057 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===c. Run—10km ===<br />
:* That's 6.21371 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===d. within 4.5 hours. ===<br />
:* YOU can do it!<br />
<br />
===There are several types/distances in triathlons:===<br />
*The shortest is a '''''sprint''''' which has a 1/2-mile swim, 15-mile ride, 3.1-mile run. ''(800-m swim, 24.1-km ride, 5-km run)''<br />
*The next is '''''Olympic''''' distance with a 1-mile swim, 30-mile ride, 6-mile run. ''(1600-m swim, 48.2k-m ride, 10-km run)''<br />
*'''''Half-ironman'''''.<br />
*Hawaii's famous (and grueling) '''''Ironman'''''<small><sup>TM</sup></small> with a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile ride, 26.2-mile run. ''(3862-m swim, 180-km ride, 42.195-km run)''<br />
*Invercargill New Zealand's '''Wai Tri''' gets compeditors from all over NZ.<br />
<br />
Triathlon: Kayak (5kms), Mtb (15kms), Run (7.8kms). Check out a more detailed description in the equiptment section<br />
<br />
Duathlon: Mtb (15kms), Run (7.8kms)<br />
<br />
Novice / Schools : Mtb (3.9kms), Run (3.9kms)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.usatriathlon.com/MultiSport101/Training.aspx USA Triathlon]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Triathlon/Answer_Key&diff=10325AY Honors/Triathlon/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:42:13Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* There are several types/distances in triathlons: */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
==1. Give three Bible principles and two Spirit of Prophecy principles to support exercise. ==<br />
:How many of you have ever heard: ''When I was your age, I walked to school, uphill, both ways, in the snow''. These days, in general, there is less physical activity than in generations past.<br />
<br />
===Bible Principles===<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Timothy<br />
| chapter = 4<br />
| verse = 8<br />
| version = NIV<br />
| text =<br />
For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 6<br />
| verse = 19-20<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 10<br />
| verse = 31<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
:[http://www.biblegatewaycom You can look up other translations at BibleGateway.com]<br />
<br />
===Spirit of Prophecy:===<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 263.'''''" ''In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible''.<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 493''''': ''It is the privilege and duty of Christians to seek to refresh their spirits and invigorate their bodies by innocent recreation, with the purpose of using their physical and mental powers to the glory of God''.<br />
:* from '''''Education, 207''''': ''Recreation, when true to its name, re-creation, tends to strengthen and build up. Calling us aside from our ordinary cares and occupations, it affords refreshment for mind and body, and thus enables us to return with new vigor to the earnest work of life''.<br />
:* from '''''Ministry of Healing, 238''''': ''Inactivity is a fruitful cause of disease. Exercise quickens and equalizes the circulation of the blood, but in idleness the blood does not circulate freely, and the changes in it, so necessary to life and health, do not take place. The skin, too, becomes inactive. Impurities are not expelled as they would be if the circulation had been quickened by vigorous exercise, the skin kept in a healthy condition, and the lungs fed with plenty of pure, fresh air. This state of the system throws a double burden on the excretory organs, and disease is the result''.<br />
<br />
==2. Give a report on the correct diet to maintain peak physical condition and how this was maintained for the duration of training. Include fluid intake during and pre- competition, and in-competition food intake. ==<br />
==3a. Give guidelines for correct training, including warm-up, stretching, injury prevention, prevention of overtraining, etc. ==<br />
==3b. Present your regular training program. ==<br />
:''(If you already train regularly, all the notes here are moot, otherwise, here are some thoughts)''.<br />
<br />
:It is often said: ''If you fail to plan, you plan to fail''.<br />
<br />
:* You should take the time to sit down and create a training schedule.<br />
<br />
:* Sit down with a calendar and determine on which days of the week you can put time aside for your training.<br />
<br />
:* You should train on a different sport each day. For example, swim one day, rest the next day, bike the next, rest the next, and run on the following day. I think that's five days, right? You've probably earned a rest until the next week. <br />
<br />
:* Don't forget to ease into a training program, especially if you have not had a regular training program. <br />
<br />
:* Commit yourself to this schedule, and follow it.<br />
<br />
:* And do not forget to: Enjoy!<br />
<br />
==3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. ==<br />
<br />
Here are some thoughts on the equipment you may need to get you to the finish line.<br />
<br />
====There are variations in Triathlons==== <br />
Some are Canoe/kayak, mountain bike, run. With various distances. So essensial equipment for the kayak leg. Kayak or sea kayak (or any canoe for the beginner) paddle, lifejacket a must you will not be able to compete without one, helmet if needed.A mountain bike due to the course being off road. The WaiTri 2008 even had carrying the bike in the river under road bridges and in the run leg involved a river crossing twice. Water waste high. Makes running in wet shoes filled with fine grit interesting.<br />
<br />
====For the Swim====<br />
*Swimsuit — A snug-fit suit will reduce drag in the water. This can be a standard swimsuit or you can get a specialized tri suit which also has bike-type shorts and a form-fitting top which you can wear through the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Goggles — Make sure they fit well and allows you to see.<br />
<br />
*Swim Cap — Usually the race provides this, however you may want one when you train.<br />
<br />
*Wetsuit — ''(Optional, unless you train or race in cold water)''. A wetsuit helps keep you warm and buoyant and preserves some of your energy for the rest of the race.<br />
<br />
*Lubricant — ''(Optional)''. Lubricants helps when removing the wetsuit. It also prevents chafing from clothing. (Petroleum-based products such as Vaseline can degrade wetsuit material and are therefore not recommended.)<br />
<br />
*Anti-Fog Solution or Spray — ''(Optional but works wonders to keep your goggles from fogging up, especially in cold water)''.<br />
<br />
====For the Bike====<br />
*Bike — A road bike's lighter frame and narrower tires will be faster than a mountain bike, but lots of first-timers use whatever kind of bike they have.<br />
<br />
*Shoes — These can be your running shoes used with toe clips on your pedals or rigid biking shoes with cleats that attach to the pedals. Stiffer soled bike shoes deliver more power to your pedal stroke and can prevent your feet from going numb as you ride.<br />
<br />
*Helmet — Any approved bike helmet that fits. You will need one.<br />
<br />
*Sunglasses — Protects your eyes from glare and grit on the road.<br />
<br />
*Bike Gloves — For short (sprint-distance) races you can omit these to save time. Your hands probably won't feel the difference. It is nice to have on longer rides.<br />
<br />
*Shirt — You may already be in your swimsuit or the top you wore in the swim. You may like to have a dry shirt on in cooler conditions.<br />
<br />
*Bike Shorts — ''(Optional)''. You may wear a tri suit which has a thin pad for the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Socks — ''(Optional)''. Cotton will cause blisters.<br />
<br />
*Water Bottles — One, two. Depends on the distance and the temperature.<br />
<br />
*Bike Pump — Attach one to your bike's frame.<br />
<br />
*Spare Tube/Patch Kit — Keep in a small under-seat bag. Nothing is more frustrating than standing on the sidelines during a race with no way to fix your tire. You will also need to know how to fix a flat or change your tire.<br />
<br />
*Bike Computer — ''(Optional)''. Nice to have to keep track of distance, time and speed.<br />
<br />
====For the Run====<br />
*Running Shoes — You can also add speed laces to save time.<br />
<br />
*Socks — You will likely want socks for the run to prevent blisters.<br />
<br />
*Sun Hat — Shade your face.<br />
<br />
*Race Belt — ''(Optional)''. Allows you to attach your race number quickly after the bike leg.<br />
<br />
====For Transitions====<br />
*Towel — To dry off as well as to wipe your feet off between the swim and biking.<br />
<br />
*Gels, Bars, Sports Drink — Keep nearby when you bike ride and run.<br />
<br />
*Sunscreen — Apply before the bike or run so that you do not burn.<br />
<br />
*Day Pack or Duffel Bag — You need to carry your stuff, right?<br />
<br />
====Other Gear to Consider====<br />
*Sports Watch — ''(Optional)''. This does not have to be expensive helps you with training and pacing.<br />
<br />
*Heart Rate Monitor — ''(Optional)''. Helps keep you within your target heart-rate zone when you train.<br />
<br />
==4. Exhibit knowledge of the techniques of swimming, cycling and running. ==<br />
:Review, as needed.<br />
<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling - Advanced}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Intermediate}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced}}<br />
<br />
==5. Compete in all three aspects of a recognized triathlon event, either solo or as a team member, where the triathlon is similar to: ==<br />
===a. Swim—500m ===<br />
:* That's 546 yards (or so, ''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===b. Cycle—15km ===<br />
:* That's 9.32057 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===c. Run—10km ===<br />
:* That's 6.21371 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===d. within 4.5 hours. ===<br />
:* YOU can do it!<br />
<br />
===There are several types/distances in triathlons:===<br />
*The shortest is a '''''sprint''''' which has a 1/2-mile swim, 15-mile ride, 3.1-mile run. ''(800-m swim, 24.1-km ride, 5-km run)''<br />
*The next is '''''Olympic''''' distance with a 1-mile swim, 30-mile ride, 6-mile run. ''(1600-m swim, 48.2k-m ride, 10-km run)''<br />
*'''''Half-ironman'''''.<br />
*Hawaii's famous (and grueling) '''''Ironman'''''<small><sup>TM</sup></small> with a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile ride, 26.2-mile run. ''(3862-m swim, 180-km ride, 42.195-km run)''<br />
*Invercargill New Zealand's WaiTri gets compeditors from all over NZ.<br />
<br />
Triathlon: Kayak (5kms), Mtb (15kms), Run (7.8kms). Check out a more detailed description in the equiptment section<br />
<br />
Duathlon: Mtb (15kms), Run (7.8kms)<br />
<br />
Novice / Schools : Mtb (3.9kms), Run (3.9kms)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.usatriathlon.com/MultiSport101/Training.aspx USA Triathlon]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Triathlon/Answer_Key&diff=10324AY Honors/Triathlon/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:35:08Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* There are variations in Triathlons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
==1. Give three Bible principles and two Spirit of Prophecy principles to support exercise. ==<br />
:How many of you have ever heard: ''When I was your age, I walked to school, uphill, both ways, in the snow''. These days, in general, there is less physical activity than in generations past.<br />
<br />
===Bible Principles===<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Timothy<br />
| chapter = 4<br />
| verse = 8<br />
| version = NIV<br />
| text =<br />
For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 6<br />
| verse = 19-20<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 10<br />
| verse = 31<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
:[http://www.biblegatewaycom You can look up other translations at BibleGateway.com]<br />
<br />
===Spirit of Prophecy:===<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 263.'''''" ''In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible''.<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 493''''': ''It is the privilege and duty of Christians to seek to refresh their spirits and invigorate their bodies by innocent recreation, with the purpose of using their physical and mental powers to the glory of God''.<br />
:* from '''''Education, 207''''': ''Recreation, when true to its name, re-creation, tends to strengthen and build up. Calling us aside from our ordinary cares and occupations, it affords refreshment for mind and body, and thus enables us to return with new vigor to the earnest work of life''.<br />
:* from '''''Ministry of Healing, 238''''': ''Inactivity is a fruitful cause of disease. Exercise quickens and equalizes the circulation of the blood, but in idleness the blood does not circulate freely, and the changes in it, so necessary to life and health, do not take place. The skin, too, becomes inactive. Impurities are not expelled as they would be if the circulation had been quickened by vigorous exercise, the skin kept in a healthy condition, and the lungs fed with plenty of pure, fresh air. This state of the system throws a double burden on the excretory organs, and disease is the result''.<br />
<br />
==2. Give a report on the correct diet to maintain peak physical condition and how this was maintained for the duration of training. Include fluid intake during and pre- competition, and in-competition food intake. ==<br />
==3a. Give guidelines for correct training, including warm-up, stretching, injury prevention, prevention of overtraining, etc. ==<br />
==3b. Present your regular training program. ==<br />
:''(If you already train regularly, all the notes here are moot, otherwise, here are some thoughts)''.<br />
<br />
:It is often said: ''If you fail to plan, you plan to fail''.<br />
<br />
:* You should take the time to sit down and create a training schedule.<br />
<br />
:* Sit down with a calendar and determine on which days of the week you can put time aside for your training.<br />
<br />
:* You should train on a different sport each day. For example, swim one day, rest the next day, bike the next, rest the next, and run on the following day. I think that's five days, right? You've probably earned a rest until the next week. <br />
<br />
:* Don't forget to ease into a training program, especially if you have not had a regular training program. <br />
<br />
:* Commit yourself to this schedule, and follow it.<br />
<br />
:* And do not forget to: Enjoy!<br />
<br />
==3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. ==<br />
<br />
Here are some thoughts on the equipment you may need to get you to the finish line.<br />
<br />
====There are variations in Triathlons==== <br />
Some are Canoe/kayak, mountain bike, run. With various distances. So essensial equipment for the kayak leg. Kayak or sea kayak (or any canoe for the beginner) paddle, lifejacket a must you will not be able to compete without one, helmet if needed.A mountain bike due to the course being off road. The WaiTri 2008 even had carrying the bike in the river under road bridges and in the run leg involved a river crossing twice. Water waste high. Makes running in wet shoes filled with fine grit interesting.<br />
<br />
====For the Swim====<br />
*Swimsuit — A snug-fit suit will reduce drag in the water. This can be a standard swimsuit or you can get a specialized tri suit which also has bike-type shorts and a form-fitting top which you can wear through the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Goggles — Make sure they fit well and allows you to see.<br />
<br />
*Swim Cap — Usually the race provides this, however you may want one when you train.<br />
<br />
*Wetsuit — ''(Optional, unless you train or race in cold water)''. A wetsuit helps keep you warm and buoyant and preserves some of your energy for the rest of the race.<br />
<br />
*Lubricant — ''(Optional)''. Lubricants helps when removing the wetsuit. It also prevents chafing from clothing. (Petroleum-based products such as Vaseline can degrade wetsuit material and are therefore not recommended.)<br />
<br />
*Anti-Fog Solution or Spray — ''(Optional but works wonders to keep your goggles from fogging up, especially in cold water)''.<br />
<br />
====For the Bike====<br />
*Bike — A road bike's lighter frame and narrower tires will be faster than a mountain bike, but lots of first-timers use whatever kind of bike they have.<br />
<br />
*Shoes — These can be your running shoes used with toe clips on your pedals or rigid biking shoes with cleats that attach to the pedals. Stiffer soled bike shoes deliver more power to your pedal stroke and can prevent your feet from going numb as you ride.<br />
<br />
*Helmet — Any approved bike helmet that fits. You will need one.<br />
<br />
*Sunglasses — Protects your eyes from glare and grit on the road.<br />
<br />
*Bike Gloves — For short (sprint-distance) races you can omit these to save time. Your hands probably won't feel the difference. It is nice to have on longer rides.<br />
<br />
*Shirt — You may already be in your swimsuit or the top you wore in the swim. You may like to have a dry shirt on in cooler conditions.<br />
<br />
*Bike Shorts — ''(Optional)''. You may wear a tri suit which has a thin pad for the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Socks — ''(Optional)''. Cotton will cause blisters.<br />
<br />
*Water Bottles — One, two. Depends on the distance and the temperature.<br />
<br />
*Bike Pump — Attach one to your bike's frame.<br />
<br />
*Spare Tube/Patch Kit — Keep in a small under-seat bag. Nothing is more frustrating than standing on the sidelines during a race with no way to fix your tire. You will also need to know how to fix a flat or change your tire.<br />
<br />
*Bike Computer — ''(Optional)''. Nice to have to keep track of distance, time and speed.<br />
<br />
====For the Run====<br />
*Running Shoes — You can also add speed laces to save time.<br />
<br />
*Socks — You will likely want socks for the run to prevent blisters.<br />
<br />
*Sun Hat — Shade your face.<br />
<br />
*Race Belt — ''(Optional)''. Allows you to attach your race number quickly after the bike leg.<br />
<br />
====For Transitions====<br />
*Towel — To dry off as well as to wipe your feet off between the swim and biking.<br />
<br />
*Gels, Bars, Sports Drink — Keep nearby when you bike ride and run.<br />
<br />
*Sunscreen — Apply before the bike or run so that you do not burn.<br />
<br />
*Day Pack or Duffel Bag — You need to carry your stuff, right?<br />
<br />
====Other Gear to Consider====<br />
*Sports Watch — ''(Optional)''. This does not have to be expensive helps you with training and pacing.<br />
<br />
*Heart Rate Monitor — ''(Optional)''. Helps keep you within your target heart-rate zone when you train.<br />
<br />
==4. Exhibit knowledge of the techniques of swimming, cycling and running. ==<br />
:Review, as needed.<br />
<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling - Advanced}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Intermediate}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced}}<br />
<br />
==5. Compete in all three aspects of a recognized triathlon event, either solo or as a team member, where the triathlon is similar to: ==<br />
===a. Swim—500m ===<br />
:* That's 546 yards (or so, ''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===b. Cycle—15km ===<br />
:* That's 9.32057 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===c. Run—10km ===<br />
:* That's 6.21371 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===d. within 4.5 hours. ===<br />
:* YOU can do it!<br />
<br />
===There are several types/distances in triathlons:===<br />
*The shortest is a '''''sprint''''' which has a 1/2-mile swim, 15-mile ride, 3.1-mile run. ''(800-m swim, 24.1-km ride, 5-km run)''<br />
*The next is '''''Olympic''''' distance with a 1-mile swim, 30-mile ride, 6-mile run. ''(1600-m swim, 48.2k-m ride, 10-km run)''<br />
*'''''Half-ironman'''''.<br />
*Hawaii's famous (and grueling) '''''Ironman'''''<small><sup>TM</sup></small> with a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile ride, 26.2-mile run. ''(3862-m swim, 180-km ride, 42.195-km run)''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.usatriathlon.com/MultiSport101/Training.aspx USA Triathlon]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Triathlon/Answer_Key&diff=10323AY Honors/Triathlon/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:32:05Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* There are variations in Triathlons */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
==1. Give three Bible principles and two Spirit of Prophecy principles to support exercise. ==<br />
:How many of you have ever heard: ''When I was your age, I walked to school, uphill, both ways, in the snow''. These days, in general, there is less physical activity than in generations past.<br />
<br />
===Bible Principles===<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Timothy<br />
| chapter = 4<br />
| verse = 8<br />
| version = NIV<br />
| text =<br />
For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 6<br />
| verse = 19-20<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 10<br />
| verse = 31<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
:[http://www.biblegatewaycom You can look up other translations at BibleGateway.com]<br />
<br />
===Spirit of Prophecy:===<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 263.'''''" ''In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible''.<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 493''''': ''It is the privilege and duty of Christians to seek to refresh their spirits and invigorate their bodies by innocent recreation, with the purpose of using their physical and mental powers to the glory of God''.<br />
:* from '''''Education, 207''''': ''Recreation, when true to its name, re-creation, tends to strengthen and build up. Calling us aside from our ordinary cares and occupations, it affords refreshment for mind and body, and thus enables us to return with new vigor to the earnest work of life''.<br />
:* from '''''Ministry of Healing, 238''''': ''Inactivity is a fruitful cause of disease. Exercise quickens and equalizes the circulation of the blood, but in idleness the blood does not circulate freely, and the changes in it, so necessary to life and health, do not take place. The skin, too, becomes inactive. Impurities are not expelled as they would be if the circulation had been quickened by vigorous exercise, the skin kept in a healthy condition, and the lungs fed with plenty of pure, fresh air. This state of the system throws a double burden on the excretory organs, and disease is the result''.<br />
<br />
==2. Give a report on the correct diet to maintain peak physical condition and how this was maintained for the duration of training. Include fluid intake during and pre- competition, and in-competition food intake. ==<br />
==3a. Give guidelines for correct training, including warm-up, stretching, injury prevention, prevention of overtraining, etc. ==<br />
==3b. Present your regular training program. ==<br />
:''(If you already train regularly, all the notes here are moot, otherwise, here are some thoughts)''.<br />
<br />
:It is often said: ''If you fail to plan, you plan to fail''.<br />
<br />
:* You should take the time to sit down and create a training schedule.<br />
<br />
:* Sit down with a calendar and determine on which days of the week you can put time aside for your training.<br />
<br />
:* You should train on a different sport each day. For example, swim one day, rest the next day, bike the next, rest the next, and run on the following day. I think that's five days, right? You've probably earned a rest until the next week. <br />
<br />
:* Don't forget to ease into a training program, especially if you have not had a regular training program. <br />
<br />
:* Commit yourself to this schedule, and follow it.<br />
<br />
:* And do not forget to: Enjoy!<br />
<br />
==3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. ==<br />
<br />
Here are some thoughts on the equipment you may need to get you to the finish line.<br />
<br />
====There are variations in Triathlons==== <br />
Some are Canoe/kayak, mountain bike, run. With various distances. So essensial equipment for the kayak leg. Kayak or sea kayak (or any canoe for the beginner) paddle, lifejacket a must you will not be able to compete without one, helmet if needed.A mountain bike due to the course being off road. The WaiTri 2008 even had carrying the bike in the river under road bridges and in the run leg involved a river crossing twice. Water waste high.<br />
<br />
====For the Swim====<br />
*Swimsuit — A snug-fit suit will reduce drag in the water. This can be a standard swimsuit or you can get a specialized tri suit which also has bike-type shorts and a form-fitting top which you can wear through the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Goggles — Make sure they fit well and allows you to see.<br />
<br />
*Swim Cap — Usually the race provides this, however you may want one when you train.<br />
<br />
*Wetsuit — ''(Optional, unless you train or race in cold water)''. A wetsuit helps keep you warm and buoyant and preserves some of your energy for the rest of the race.<br />
<br />
*Lubricant — ''(Optional)''. Lubricants helps when removing the wetsuit. It also prevents chafing from clothing. (Petroleum-based products such as Vaseline can degrade wetsuit material and are therefore not recommended.)<br />
<br />
*Anti-Fog Solution or Spray — ''(Optional but works wonders to keep your goggles from fogging up, especially in cold water)''.<br />
<br />
====For the Bike====<br />
*Bike — A road bike's lighter frame and narrower tires will be faster than a mountain bike, but lots of first-timers use whatever kind of bike they have.<br />
<br />
*Shoes — These can be your running shoes used with toe clips on your pedals or rigid biking shoes with cleats that attach to the pedals. Stiffer soled bike shoes deliver more power to your pedal stroke and can prevent your feet from going numb as you ride.<br />
<br />
*Helmet — Any approved bike helmet that fits. You will need one.<br />
<br />
*Sunglasses — Protects your eyes from glare and grit on the road.<br />
<br />
*Bike Gloves — For short (sprint-distance) races you can omit these to save time. Your hands probably won't feel the difference. It is nice to have on longer rides.<br />
<br />
*Shirt — You may already be in your swimsuit or the top you wore in the swim. You may like to have a dry shirt on in cooler conditions.<br />
<br />
*Bike Shorts — ''(Optional)''. You may wear a tri suit which has a thin pad for the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Socks — ''(Optional)''. Cotton will cause blisters.<br />
<br />
*Water Bottles — One, two. Depends on the distance and the temperature.<br />
<br />
*Bike Pump — Attach one to your bike's frame.<br />
<br />
*Spare Tube/Patch Kit — Keep in a small under-seat bag. Nothing is more frustrating than standing on the sidelines during a race with no way to fix your tire. You will also need to know how to fix a flat or change your tire.<br />
<br />
*Bike Computer — ''(Optional)''. Nice to have to keep track of distance, time and speed.<br />
<br />
====For the Run====<br />
*Running Shoes — You can also add speed laces to save time.<br />
<br />
*Socks — You will likely want socks for the run to prevent blisters.<br />
<br />
*Sun Hat — Shade your face.<br />
<br />
*Race Belt — ''(Optional)''. Allows you to attach your race number quickly after the bike leg.<br />
<br />
====For Transitions====<br />
*Towel — To dry off as well as to wipe your feet off between the swim and biking.<br />
<br />
*Gels, Bars, Sports Drink — Keep nearby when you bike ride and run.<br />
<br />
*Sunscreen — Apply before the bike or run so that you do not burn.<br />
<br />
*Day Pack or Duffel Bag — You need to carry your stuff, right?<br />
<br />
====Other Gear to Consider====<br />
*Sports Watch — ''(Optional)''. This does not have to be expensive helps you with training and pacing.<br />
<br />
*Heart Rate Monitor — ''(Optional)''. Helps keep you within your target heart-rate zone when you train.<br />
<br />
==4. Exhibit knowledge of the techniques of swimming, cycling and running. ==<br />
:Review, as needed.<br />
<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling - Advanced}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Intermediate}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced}}<br />
<br />
==5. Compete in all three aspects of a recognized triathlon event, either solo or as a team member, where the triathlon is similar to: ==<br />
===a. Swim—500m ===<br />
:* That's 546 yards (or so, ''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===b. Cycle—15km ===<br />
:* That's 9.32057 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===c. Run—10km ===<br />
:* That's 6.21371 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===d. within 4.5 hours. ===<br />
:* YOU can do it!<br />
<br />
===There are several types/distances in triathlons:===<br />
*The shortest is a '''''sprint''''' which has a 1/2-mile swim, 15-mile ride, 3.1-mile run. ''(800-m swim, 24.1-km ride, 5-km run)''<br />
*The next is '''''Olympic''''' distance with a 1-mile swim, 30-mile ride, 6-mile run. ''(1600-m swim, 48.2k-m ride, 10-km run)''<br />
*'''''Half-ironman'''''.<br />
*Hawaii's famous (and grueling) '''''Ironman'''''<small><sup>TM</sup></small> with a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile ride, 26.2-mile run. ''(3862-m swim, 180-km ride, 42.195-km run)''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.usatriathlon.com/MultiSport101/Training.aspx USA Triathlon]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Triathlon/Answer_Key&diff=10322AY Honors/Triathlon/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:27:01Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
==1. Give three Bible principles and two Spirit of Prophecy principles to support exercise. ==<br />
:How many of you have ever heard: ''When I was your age, I walked to school, uphill, both ways, in the snow''. These days, in general, there is less physical activity than in generations past.<br />
<br />
===Bible Principles===<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Timothy<br />
| chapter = 4<br />
| verse = 8<br />
| version = NIV<br />
| text =<br />
For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 6<br />
| verse = 19-20<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 10<br />
| verse = 31<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
:[http://www.biblegatewaycom You can look up other translations at BibleGateway.com]<br />
<br />
===Spirit of Prophecy:===<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 263.'''''" ''In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible''.<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 493''''': ''It is the privilege and duty of Christians to seek to refresh their spirits and invigorate their bodies by innocent recreation, with the purpose of using their physical and mental powers to the glory of God''.<br />
:* from '''''Education, 207''''': ''Recreation, when true to its name, re-creation, tends to strengthen and build up. Calling us aside from our ordinary cares and occupations, it affords refreshment for mind and body, and thus enables us to return with new vigor to the earnest work of life''.<br />
:* from '''''Ministry of Healing, 238''''': ''Inactivity is a fruitful cause of disease. Exercise quickens and equalizes the circulation of the blood, but in idleness the blood does not circulate freely, and the changes in it, so necessary to life and health, do not take place. The skin, too, becomes inactive. Impurities are not expelled as they would be if the circulation had been quickened by vigorous exercise, the skin kept in a healthy condition, and the lungs fed with plenty of pure, fresh air. This state of the system throws a double burden on the excretory organs, and disease is the result''.<br />
<br />
==2. Give a report on the correct diet to maintain peak physical condition and how this was maintained for the duration of training. Include fluid intake during and pre- competition, and in-competition food intake. ==<br />
==3a. Give guidelines for correct training, including warm-up, stretching, injury prevention, prevention of overtraining, etc. ==<br />
==3b. Present your regular training program. ==<br />
:''(If you already train regularly, all the notes here are moot, otherwise, here are some thoughts)''.<br />
<br />
:It is often said: ''If you fail to plan, you plan to fail''.<br />
<br />
:* You should take the time to sit down and create a training schedule.<br />
<br />
:* Sit down with a calendar and determine on which days of the week you can put time aside for your training.<br />
<br />
:* You should train on a different sport each day. For example, swim one day, rest the next day, bike the next, rest the next, and run on the following day. I think that's five days, right? You've probably earned a rest until the next week. <br />
<br />
:* Don't forget to ease into a training program, especially if you have not had a regular training program. <br />
<br />
:* Commit yourself to this schedule, and follow it.<br />
<br />
:* And do not forget to: Enjoy!<br />
<br />
==3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. ==<br />
<br />
Here are some thoughts on the equipment you may need to get you to the finish line.<br />
<br />
====There are variations in Triathlons==== <br />
Some are Canoe/kayak, mountain bike, run with various distances. So essensial equipment for the kayak leg. Kayak or sea kayak (or any canoe for the beginner) paddle, lifejacket a must you will not be able to compete without one, helmet if needed.<br />
<br />
====For the Swim====<br />
*Swimsuit — A snug-fit suit will reduce drag in the water. This can be a standard swimsuit or you can get a specialized tri suit which also has bike-type shorts and a form-fitting top which you can wear through the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Goggles — Make sure they fit well and allows you to see.<br />
<br />
*Swim Cap — Usually the race provides this, however you may want one when you train.<br />
<br />
*Wetsuit — ''(Optional, unless you train or race in cold water)''. A wetsuit helps keep you warm and buoyant and preserves some of your energy for the rest of the race.<br />
<br />
*Lubricant — ''(Optional)''. Lubricants helps when removing the wetsuit. It also prevents chafing from clothing. (Petroleum-based products such as Vaseline can degrade wetsuit material and are therefore not recommended.)<br />
<br />
*Anti-Fog Solution or Spray — ''(Optional but works wonders to keep your goggles from fogging up, especially in cold water)''.<br />
<br />
====For the Bike====<br />
*Bike — A road bike's lighter frame and narrower tires will be faster than a mountain bike, but lots of first-timers use whatever kind of bike they have.<br />
<br />
*Shoes — These can be your running shoes used with toe clips on your pedals or rigid biking shoes with cleats that attach to the pedals. Stiffer soled bike shoes deliver more power to your pedal stroke and can prevent your feet from going numb as you ride.<br />
<br />
*Helmet — Any approved bike helmet that fits. You will need one.<br />
<br />
*Sunglasses — Protects your eyes from glare and grit on the road.<br />
<br />
*Bike Gloves — For short (sprint-distance) races you can omit these to save time. Your hands probably won't feel the difference. It is nice to have on longer rides.<br />
<br />
*Shirt — You may already be in your swimsuit or the top you wore in the swim. You may like to have a dry shirt on in cooler conditions.<br />
<br />
*Bike Shorts — ''(Optional)''. You may wear a tri suit which has a thin pad for the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Socks — ''(Optional)''. Cotton will cause blisters.<br />
<br />
*Water Bottles — One, two. Depends on the distance and the temperature.<br />
<br />
*Bike Pump — Attach one to your bike's frame.<br />
<br />
*Spare Tube/Patch Kit — Keep in a small under-seat bag. Nothing is more frustrating than standing on the sidelines during a race with no way to fix your tire. You will also need to know how to fix a flat or change your tire.<br />
<br />
*Bike Computer — ''(Optional)''. Nice to have to keep track of distance, time and speed.<br />
<br />
====For the Run====<br />
*Running Shoes — You can also add speed laces to save time.<br />
<br />
*Socks — You will likely want socks for the run to prevent blisters.<br />
<br />
*Sun Hat — Shade your face.<br />
<br />
*Race Belt — ''(Optional)''. Allows you to attach your race number quickly after the bike leg.<br />
<br />
====For Transitions====<br />
*Towel — To dry off as well as to wipe your feet off between the swim and biking.<br />
<br />
*Gels, Bars, Sports Drink — Keep nearby when you bike ride and run.<br />
<br />
*Sunscreen — Apply before the bike or run so that you do not burn.<br />
<br />
*Day Pack or Duffel Bag — You need to carry your stuff, right?<br />
<br />
====Other Gear to Consider====<br />
*Sports Watch — ''(Optional)''. This does not have to be expensive helps you with training and pacing.<br />
<br />
*Heart Rate Monitor — ''(Optional)''. Helps keep you within your target heart-rate zone when you train.<br />
<br />
==4. Exhibit knowledge of the techniques of swimming, cycling and running. ==<br />
:Review, as needed.<br />
<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling - Advanced}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Intermediate}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced}}<br />
<br />
==5. Compete in all three aspects of a recognized triathlon event, either solo or as a team member, where the triathlon is similar to: ==<br />
===a. Swim—500m ===<br />
:* That's 546 yards (or so, ''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===b. Cycle—15km ===<br />
:* That's 9.32057 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===c. Run—10km ===<br />
:* That's 6.21371 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===d. within 4.5 hours. ===<br />
:* YOU can do it!<br />
<br />
===There are several types/distances in triathlons:===<br />
*The shortest is a '''''sprint''''' which has a 1/2-mile swim, 15-mile ride, 3.1-mile run. ''(800-m swim, 24.1-km ride, 5-km run)''<br />
*The next is '''''Olympic''''' distance with a 1-mile swim, 30-mile ride, 6-mile run. ''(1600-m swim, 48.2k-m ride, 10-km run)''<br />
*'''''Half-ironman'''''.<br />
*Hawaii's famous (and grueling) '''''Ironman'''''<small><sup>TM</sup></small> with a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile ride, 26.2-mile run. ''(3862-m swim, 180-km ride, 42.195-km run)''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.usatriathlon.com/MultiSport101/Training.aspx USA Triathlon]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Triathlon/Answer_Key&diff=10321AY Honors/Triathlon/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:26:03Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
==1. Give three Bible principles and two Spirit of Prophecy principles to support exercise. ==<br />
:How many of you have ever heard: ''When I was your age, I walked to school, uphill, both ways, in the snow''. These days, in general, there is less physical activity than in generations past.<br />
<br />
===Bible Principles===<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Timothy<br />
| chapter = 4<br />
| verse = 8<br />
| version = NIV<br />
| text =<br />
For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 6<br />
| verse = 19-20<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body.<br />
}}<br />
{{Bible verse<br />
| book = 1 Corinthians<br />
| chapter = 10<br />
| verse = 31<br />
| version =NIV<br />
| text =<br />
So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. <br />
}}<br />
<br />
:[http://www.biblegatewaycom You can look up other translations at BibleGateway.com]<br />
<br />
===Spirit of Prophecy:===<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 263.'''''" ''In many cases the sickness of children can be traced to errors in management. Irregularities in eating, insufficient clothing in the chilly evening, lack of vigorous exercise to keep the blood in healthy circulation, or lack of abundance of air for its purification, may be the cause of the trouble. Let the parents study to find the causes of the sickness and then remedy the wrong conditions as soon as possible''.<br />
:* from '''''Adventist Home, 493''''': ''It is the privilege and duty of Christians to seek to refresh their spirits and invigorate their bodies by innocent recreation, with the purpose of using their physical and mental powers to the glory of God''.<br />
:* from '''''Education, 207''''': ''Recreation, when true to its name, re-creation, tends to strengthen and build up. Calling us aside from our ordinary cares and occupations, it affords refreshment for mind and body, and thus enables us to return with new vigor to the earnest work of life''.<br />
:* from '''''Ministry of Healing, 238''''': ''Inactivity is a fruitful cause of disease. Exercise quickens and equalizes the circulation of the blood, but in idleness the blood does not circulate freely, and the changes in it, so necessary to life and health, do not take place. The skin, too, becomes inactive. Impurities are not expelled as they would be if the circulation had been quickened by vigorous exercise, the skin kept in a healthy condition, and the lungs fed with plenty of pure, fresh air. This state of the system throws a double burden on the excretory organs, and disease is the result''.<br />
<br />
==2. Give a report on the correct diet to maintain peak physical condition and how this was maintained for the duration of training. Include fluid intake during and pre- competition, and in-competition food intake. ==<br />
==3a. Give guidelines for correct training, including warm-up, stretching, injury prevention, prevention of overtraining, etc. ==<br />
==3b. Present your regular training program. ==<br />
:''(If you already train regularly, all the notes here are moot, otherwise, here are some thoughts)''.<br />
<br />
:It is often said: ''If you fail to plan, you plan to fail''.<br />
<br />
:* You should take the time to sit down and create a training schedule.<br />
<br />
:* Sit down with a calendar and determine on which days of the week you can put time aside for your training.<br />
<br />
:* You should train on a different sport each day. For example, swim one day, rest the next day, bike the next, rest the next, and run on the following day. I think that's five days, right? You've probably earned a rest until the next week. <br />
<br />
:* Don't forget to ease into a training program, especially if you have not had a regular training program. <br />
<br />
:* Commit yourself to this schedule, and follow it.<br />
<br />
:* And do not forget to: Enjoy!<br />
<br />
==3c. List the correct equipment, including bike, shoes, clothing. ==<br />
<br />
Here are some thoughts on the equipment you may need to get you to the finish line.<br />
====There are variations in Triathlons==== Some are Canoe/kayak, mountain bike, run with various distances. So essensial equipment for the kayak leg. Kayak or sea kayak (or any canoe for the beginner) paddle, lifejacket a must you will not be able to compete without one, helmet if needed.<br />
<br />
====For the Swim====<br />
*Swimsuit — A snug-fit suit will reduce drag in the water. This can be a standard swimsuit or you can get a specialized tri suit which also has bike-type shorts and a form-fitting top which you can wear through the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Goggles — Make sure they fit well and allows you to see.<br />
<br />
*Swim Cap — Usually the race provides this, however you may want one when you train.<br />
<br />
*Wetsuit — ''(Optional, unless you train or race in cold water)''. A wetsuit helps keep you warm and buoyant and preserves some of your energy for the rest of the race.<br />
<br />
*Lubricant — ''(Optional)''. Lubricants helps when removing the wetsuit. It also prevents chafing from clothing. (Petroleum-based products such as Vaseline can degrade wetsuit material and are therefore not recommended.)<br />
<br />
*Anti-Fog Solution or Spray — ''(Optional but works wonders to keep your goggles from fogging up, especially in cold water)''.<br />
<br />
====For the Bike====<br />
*Bike — A road bike's lighter frame and narrower tires will be faster than a mountain bike, but lots of first-timers use whatever kind of bike they have.<br />
<br />
*Shoes — These can be your running shoes used with toe clips on your pedals or rigid biking shoes with cleats that attach to the pedals. Stiffer soled bike shoes deliver more power to your pedal stroke and can prevent your feet from going numb as you ride.<br />
<br />
*Helmet — Any approved bike helmet that fits. You will need one.<br />
<br />
*Sunglasses — Protects your eyes from glare and grit on the road.<br />
<br />
*Bike Gloves — For short (sprint-distance) races you can omit these to save time. Your hands probably won't feel the difference. It is nice to have on longer rides.<br />
<br />
*Shirt — You may already be in your swimsuit or the top you wore in the swim. You may like to have a dry shirt on in cooler conditions.<br />
<br />
*Bike Shorts — ''(Optional)''. You may wear a tri suit which has a thin pad for the entire race.<br />
<br />
*Socks — ''(Optional)''. Cotton will cause blisters.<br />
<br />
*Water Bottles — One, two. Depends on the distance and the temperature.<br />
<br />
*Bike Pump — Attach one to your bike's frame.<br />
<br />
*Spare Tube/Patch Kit — Keep in a small under-seat bag. Nothing is more frustrating than standing on the sidelines during a race with no way to fix your tire. You will also need to know how to fix a flat or change your tire.<br />
<br />
*Bike Computer — ''(Optional)''. Nice to have to keep track of distance, time and speed.<br />
<br />
====For the Run====<br />
*Running Shoes — You can also add speed laces to save time.<br />
<br />
*Socks — You will likely want socks for the run to prevent blisters.<br />
<br />
*Sun Hat — Shade your face.<br />
<br />
*Race Belt — ''(Optional)''. Allows you to attach your race number quickly after the bike leg.<br />
<br />
====For Transitions====<br />
*Towel — To dry off as well as to wipe your feet off between the swim and biking.<br />
<br />
*Gels, Bars, Sports Drink — Keep nearby when you bike ride and run.<br />
<br />
*Sunscreen — Apply before the bike or run so that you do not burn.<br />
<br />
*Day Pack or Duffel Bag — You need to carry your stuff, right?<br />
<br />
====Other Gear to Consider====<br />
*Sports Watch — ''(Optional)''. This does not have to be expensive helps you with training and pacing.<br />
<br />
*Heart Rate Monitor — ''(Optional)''. Helps keep you within your target heart-rate zone when you train.<br />
<br />
==4. Exhibit knowledge of the techniques of swimming, cycling and running. ==<br />
:Review, as needed.<br />
<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Cycling - Advanced}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced Beginner}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Intermediate}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming}}<br />
:*{{Ay prerequisite|Recreation|Swimming - Advanced}}<br />
<br />
==5. Compete in all three aspects of a recognized triathlon event, either solo or as a team member, where the triathlon is similar to: ==<br />
===a. Swim—500m ===<br />
:* That's 546 yards (or so, ''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===b. Cycle—15km ===<br />
:* That's 9.32057 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===c. Run—10km ===<br />
:* That's 6.21371 miles (''for the non-metric folks'').<br />
===d. within 4.5 hours. ===<br />
:* YOU can do it!<br />
<br />
===There are several types/distances in triathlons:===<br />
*The shortest is a '''''sprint''''' which has a 1/2-mile swim, 15-mile ride, 3.1-mile run. ''(800-m swim, 24.1-km ride, 5-km run)''<br />
*The next is '''''Olympic''''' distance with a 1-mile swim, 30-mile ride, 6-mile run. ''(1600-m swim, 48.2k-m ride, 10-km run)''<br />
*'''''Half-ironman'''''.<br />
*Hawaii's famous (and grueling) '''''Ironman'''''<small><sup>TM</sup></small> with a 2.4-mile swim, 112-mile ride, 26.2-mile run. ''(3862-m swim, 180-km ride, 42.195-km run)''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.usatriathlon.com/MultiSport101/Training.aspx USA Triathlon]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Recreation&diff=4566Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation2008-09-23T10:16:03Z<p>202.154.147.16: </p>
<hr />
<div>The official answer book by Leland Davis is available through [https://www.adventsource.org/book.aspx?ID=21409 Advent''Source'']. However, it has not been updated since 1998 and it does not include answers for some of the newer honors. These newer honors are noted here. This unofficial answer book is intended to provide a second resource for honor instructors.<br />
<br />
== Index of Recreational Honors (80) ==<br />
{{AY_Stages}}<br />
{| align=center style="background-color: #F7F7FF; border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling|Abseiling]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling - Advanced|Abseiling - Advanced]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling - Instructor|Abseiling - Instructor]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 May, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Archery|Archery]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 May, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Archery - Advanced|Archery - Advanced]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|26 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Backpacking|Backpacking]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|16 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Basketball|Basketball]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|31 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camp Craft|Camp Craft]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|29 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills I|Camping Skills I]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|10 May, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills II|Camping Skills II]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|15 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills III|Camping Skills III]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|2 Apr, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills IV|Camping Skills IV]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Canoe Building|Canoe Building]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|19 Aug, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Canoeing|Canoeing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|10 Aug, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Caving|Caving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Caving - Advanced|Caving - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Community Water Safety|Community Water Safety]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Community Water Safety - Advanced|Community Water Safety - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|22 Jan, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Cycling|Cycling]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Cycling - Advanced|Cycling - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|6 Apr, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drilling & Marching|Drilling & Marching]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drilling & Marching - Advanced|Drilling & Marching - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drumming & Percussion|Drumming & Percussion]]{{ref|new_2006}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 Jan, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Dutch Oven Cooking|Dutch Oven Cooking]] {{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}} <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|13 May, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Fire Building & Camp Cookery|Fire Building & Camp Cookery]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|21 Aug, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Geocaching|Geocaching]] {{ref|new_2005}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
<br />
|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|50%|7 Sep, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Geocaching - Advanced|Geocaching - Advanced]]{{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|20 Mar, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Gold Prospecting|Gold Prospecting]]{{ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Gold Prospecting - Advanced|Gold Prospecting - Advanced]]{{fixed_ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|2 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Hiking|Hiking]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|18 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Horsemanship|Horsemanship]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Horsemanship - Advanced|Horsemanship - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|8 Jul, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Kayaking|Kayaking]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|75%|10 Feb, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Kites|Kites]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Knot Tying|Knot Tying]] <br><br />
{{stage short|Blue Question|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Letterboxing|Letterboxing]] {{ref|new_2008}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue Question|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Letterboxing - Advanced|Letterboxing - Advanced]] {{ref|new_2008}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|8 Sep, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Map and Compass|Map and Compass]]{{division_honor|SPD}}<br> <br />
{{stage short|00%|26 Jul, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Mountain Biking|Mountain Biking]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|25 Mar, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Navigation|Navigation]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|11 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Orienteering|Orienteering]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|7 Feb, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Outdoor Leadership|Outdoor Leadership]] <br><br />
{{stage short|25%|25 Nov, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Outdoor Leadership - Advanced|Outdoor Leadership - Advanced]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|26 Sep, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Physical Fitness|Physical Fitness]] <br><br />
{{stage short|75%|15 Jun, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Pioneering|Pioneering]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Power Boating|Power Boating]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rock Climbing|Rock Climbing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rock Climbing - Advanced|Rock Climbing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|14 Nov, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rowing|Rowing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|28 July, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Sailing|Sailing]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Scuba Diving|Scuba Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Scuba Diving - Advanced|Scuba Diving - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|27 Jul, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skateboarding|Skateboarding]] {{ref|skate}}{{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
<br />
|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skiing - Cross Country|Skiing - Cross Country]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|3 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skiing Downhill|Skiing Downhill]]<br><br />
{{stage short|25%|5 Feb, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skin Diving|Skin Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Slow-Pitch Softball|Slow-Pitch Softball]]{{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|12 Apr, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Soccer|Soccer]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|28 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Springboard Diving|Springboard Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Beginner|Swimming - Beginner]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Advanced Beginner|Swimming - Advanced Beginner]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Intermediate|Swimming - Intermediate]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming|Swimming]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Advanced|Swimming - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Track & Field|Track & Field]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tree Climbing|Tree Climbing]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|22 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Triathlon|Triathlon]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|22 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Triathlon - Advanced|Triathlon - Advanced]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tumbling & Balancing|Tumbling & Balancing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tumbling & Balancing - Advanced|Tumbling & Balancing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Unicycling|Unicycling]] {{fixed_ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wakeboarding|Wakeboarding]] {{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Water Skiing|Water Skiing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Water Skiing - Advanced|Water Skiing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|25 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Leadership|Wilderness Leadership]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|27 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Leadership - Advanced|Wilderness Leadership - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|4 Jul, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Living|Wilderness Living]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wind Surfing|Wind Surfing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|19 Jul, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Winter Camping|Winter Camping]] <br><br />
|}<br />
{{ay_honor_divisions_legend}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
==Index of {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors by Skill Level==<br />
===Skill Level 1 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 1<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
===Skill Level 2 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 2<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
===Skill Level 3 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 3<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
==Notes==<br />
#{{note|drum}} The ''Drumming & Percussion, Drumming & Percussion - Advanced, Dutch Oven Cooking, Slow-Pitch Softball, and Wakeboarding'' honors were introduced in 2006, and therefore have no entry in the official answer books.<br />
#{{note|geo}} The ''Geocaching'' honor was introduced in 2005, so it has no entry in the official Answer Book.<br />
#{{note|new_2008}} The ''Gold Prospecting'', ''Letterboxing'', and ''Unicycling'' honors were introduced in 2008, and therefore have no entry in the official answer books.<br />
#{{note|skate}} The Skateboarding honor was voted to not be used in North America because of insurance regulations.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Cycling/Answer_Key&diff=6475AY Honors/Cycling/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:10:57Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3. Take apart, clean, and properly reassemble a bicycle. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|1|1933|Recreation|General Conference}}<br />
{{AY Master|Sportsman}}<br />
==1. Know the name and explain the purpose of the various parts of a bicycle.==<br />
*'''Bottom bracket-''' Attachment of crankset to body of bike<br />
*'''Brake cable-''' Cable connecting the brake lever to the brake mechanism<br />
*'''Brake lever-''' Lever on handlebar to activate brake. Left side is front brake, right is rear brake<br />
*'''Cassette-''' There are up to 10 sprockets of increasing size attached to a hub housing making up a modular cassette. This housing is slipped over an outward extending splined part of the hub. The rear hub is a "freewheel" (ratcheted so the wheel is pulled around when pedaling, but allowing the wheel to spin freely while you coast). The chain is shifted from one sprocket to another by moving the right shifter lever to activate the rear derailleur.<br />
*'''Chain-''' Circular set of links to transfer power from chain ring to cogs of freewheel<br />
*'''Chainring-''' Toothed rings attached to crank that hold chain<br />
*'''Chainstay-''' Lower bar on portion of frame that attaches rear wheel. If there's no second tube on dual suspension bike, it is referred to as a swing arm.<br />
*'''Crank'''- Lever extending from bottom bracket to pedal, transfers power to chain rings<br />
*'''Derailleur-''' Mechanism for moving chain from one cog to another<br />
*'''Down tube-''' Section of frame extending downward from stem to bottom bracket<br />
*'''Dropout-''' Cut slot at bottom of front fork or chain stay, designed to accept axle of wheel<br />
*'''Freewheel-''' Set of rear cogs and idling mechanism<br />
*'''Front brake-''' Brake on front fork of bike<br />
*'''Front shock-''' Shock absorber on front fork<br />
*'''Handlebar-''' Horizontal bar attached to the stem with handgrips at the end, to which attach brake levers and shifters<br />
*'''Headset-''' Mechanism in front of frame that connects front fork to stem and handlebars<br />
*'''Head tube (steering tube) -''' Section of frame extending downward from top tube to down tube<br />
*'''Hub-''' Center portion of the wheel, to which the spokes attach<br />
*'''Idler pulley-''' Bottom pulley of the rear derailleur, with spring tension to keep chain tight<br />
*'''Nipple-''' Threaded receptacle that holds the end of the spoke into the rim<br />
*'''Pedal-''' Platform for the foot to press on, attached to crank<br />
*'''Rear brake-''' Brake on the rear wheel, usually attached to seat stay<br />
*'''Rear shock-''' Shock absorber for rear tire on dual-suspension bikes<br />
*'''Rim-''' Metal ring with U-shaped cross section, holds spokes on the inside and tire on the outside<br />
*'''Saddle (Seat) -''' The part your butt shouldn't be sitting on when going steep downhill<br />
*'''Seat post-''' Support post for saddle, fits into seat tube with mechanism for changing height<br />
*'''Seat stay-''' Upper support arm for the rear wheel, not present on dual-suspension bikes with simple swingarm<br />
*'''Seat tube-''' Section of frame extending downward from top tube to bottom bracket<br />
*'''Shifter, front-''' Shifting mechanism for the front derailleur, mounted on the left side of the handlebar<br />
*'''Shifter, rear-''' Shifting mechanism for the rear derailleur, mounted on the right side of the handlebar<br />
*'''Skewer-''' Metal rod that goes through the hub, attaching the wheel to the dropouts of the frame<br />
*'''Spindle-''' Freely rotating "axle" to which the crank arms attach, part of the bottom bracket<br />
*'''Spokes-''' Thick wires joining the hub to the rim, with tension adjusted via a nipple on the rim side<br />
*'''Stem-''' Piece that attaches the handlebar to the steering tube (headset)<br />
*'''Swingarm-''' Lower bar on portion of frame that attaches rear wheel with some form of spring, on full suspension bikes<br />
*'''Tyre-''' Where the rubber meets the road<br />
*'''Top tube-''' Top bar of the bicycle frame<br />
*'''Valve stem-''' Stem poking out of rim to inflate tyre<br />
*'''Wheel hub-''' Center of the wheel, to which the spokes attach<br />
<br />
==2. Repair a punctured bicycle tire.==<br />
Tools needed: <br />
tire patch kit (patch, cement, sandpaper/roughening tool) <br />
pen (ballpoint or marker) <br />
tire-iron <br />
<br />
<br />
===1) Remove wheel with flat tire from bicycle===<br />
<br />
It is assumed you have the skills and tools necessary to do this. I will not describe this process here. (A flat tire can be repaired without removing the wheel. However that is an Advanced Procedure, and is not covered here by this author.) <br />
<br />
===2) Identify where the hole/leak is===<br />
<br />
NOTE: If you can do this BEFORE removing the tire from the rim you can save yourself much effort and time later. <br />
<br />
Holding wheel with flat tire (& tube) closely examine exterior of tire to find what has punctured it. Include a tactile examination -- run your fingers over the tire surface. 97% of the time you will find something, a small piece of (metal) wire, a small piece of glass (often times glass is below the surface of the tire, in which case you are looking for glints of light reflecting off one surface of a shard of glass in your tire), or a biological object (splinter of wood or thorn), or a screw or a nail. <br />
<br />
BEFORE removing object from your tire MARK THE LOCATION of the puncture. Also mark the location on the tire that corresponds to where the valve of your innertube is located. (Note: I've just told you to mark two (2) locations on your tire. This will save you time. You don't have to do it, though.) <br />
<br />
If you do NOT find the location of the puncture mark the location of the innertube valve. <br />
<br />
===3) Remove the tire===<br />
<br />
If possible do not use any tools. (This does require some muscling on your part.) If your tire is a very tight fit over your rim use a tire-iron carefully. (In an "extreme situation" a flat-bladed screwdriver can be used. It is WAY-EASY to pinch-flat an innertube using a screwdriver.) <br />
Do NOT pinch your innertube between your tire-removing tool and the rim, or the tire. (If you are new to fixing flats you will probably do this once. We all do. It's part of the learning curve involved in wrenching on your bike. Learning to not pinch an innertube is best done with a wheel and tool in hand. Take your time. Good luck.) <br />
<br />
===4) Inspect the inside of your tire for punctures===<br />
<br />
Yes, you've inspected the outside, and now you are inspecting the inside. This is NECESSARY if you did not find the puncture yet. It is VERY RECOMMENDED even if you have found something already. The idea is to leave your tire, after all this is done, with NOTHING that will put more punctures in your innertube. <br />
Include a tactile inspection. <br />
Mark the location of any (additional) punctures you find. <br />
REMOVE all foreign objects from your tire after marking their location. <br />
<br />
===5) Find holes in innertube===<br />
(This is why you marked all those puncture locations and the valve location on your tire.) <br />
Align the innertube valve with the valve-location mark you made earlier on the tire. <br />
Inspect the innertube in the vicinity of all the tire-puncture marks for innertube punctures. MARK all innertube punctures. <br />
<br />
Maybe you were unable to find any punctures in your tire. So now you have nothing to help you find the punctures in your innertube. You may have a pinch-flat. These can be anywhere on the surface of your innertube. (Punctures from objects generally happen to the surface of the innertube that is on the outside of the "donut surface" that the innertube describes.) <br />
<br />
Fill your innertube with air & listen/feel for escaping air. MARK location(s) of puncture(s). Maybe you haven't found anything yet. In this case get a container with water (bucket, washbasin, whatever) and run your innertube through the water completely submerging the innertube a section at a time. Hold each section stationary under water (fill the innertube with air just before putting innertube into water) looking for small bubbles escaping from the innertube. When pumping air in to the innertube for this test don't be afraid to pump lots of air in. (Stop pumping when innertube is twice original size. This does not mean you need to pump it up this much. I'm saying if you have no other way of determining when enough air is in the innertube, stop at twice the original size.) <br />
<br />
Assuming you have located all the punctures in your innertube, <br />
<br />
===6) Repair innertube punctures===<br />
Roughen/clean a patch on the innertube, centered around (each) puncture, that is larger than the patch you are going to apply. (Examine patch from your patch kit to determine this size.) You will use whatever tool you patch kit provides you with -- either a (small) piece of sandpaper or a metal grater-thing. <br />
<br />
Apply the patch cement. Apply a very thin coating to the entire area you roughened/cleaned. <br />
Allow the cement to get sticky. Test for stickyness by using a fingernail -- lightly touch one fingernail surface to a surface on the area of cement you previously applied. If it doesn't stick yet wait. If it sticks some it's about right. If you wait too long it won't stick at all, in which case you get to clean it off & re-apply. <br />
<br />
Assuming the cement is just sticky peel off the backing from the underside of your patch and apply patch to the innertube puncture, centered on the puncture. Leave the backing that is on the top-side of your patch on. (I generally make my puncture-location marks so big that when I roughen/clean the innertube the marks are visible outside that roughened/cleaned area. This makes the centering of the patch here a lot easier.) <br />
<br />
Press the patch onto the surface of the innertube. Use the broad part of your thumb. Use the broad part of you tire iron. You are assisting the cement to establish a complete bond between the innertube and the patch. Take a minute or two and press! You are also pressing all air out of the patch-innertube bond. (Yeah, this is the part of this process that is best taught by example/demonstration. Sorry) <br />
<br />
As you are pressing the patch onto your innertube you may notice the top-side backing on the patch begin to come loose. This is a Good Thing. If it doesn't you get to figure out how to remove the top-side backing without removing the patch. (The top-side and bottom-side backing is there to keep the patch clean. A clean patch adheres best! Clean is Good.) "Better quality" patches have this top-side backing pre-slit making it easier to remove the top-side backing from the patch. (Most patch kits I've found recently are not "better quality".) <br />
After pressing patch onto innertube remove top-side backing. <br />
<br />
Repeat for all punctures. <br />
<br />
===7) Set innertube aside when all puncture are patched to allow a few minutes for the cement to set and your patch to adhere.===<br />
<br />
Start cleaning up your work area. (You're almost done!) <br />
<br />
===8) Reassemble tire & innertube onto rim===<br />
Put just enough air into your innertube so it's barely round. Put innertube into tire. Fit one edge of tire over one sided of wheel rim starting with the valve area. With your thumbs (and your tire iron IF NECESSARY) get all of one edge of tire over one rim. <br />
Starting at valve location push second edge of tire over wheel rim. Now you probably will have to use your tire irons. (This is why they come in sets.) If you have burley thumbs you may not need to use tire irons. (Yay!) <br />
Do everything you can to AVOID giving your (newly patched) innertube a pinch-flat. Take your time, working the tire over your wheel rim while keeping the innertube away from the rim edge. (This is why there is some air in the innertube. To avoid getting the innertube stuck between the tire and the rim edge.) <br />
<br />
With tire completely mounted into wheel, between rims, adjust position of tire and innertube with respect to the rim so the innertube valve is sticking straight out of the valve hole. This is VERY IMPORTANT! A maladjusted innertube can put a lot of stress on one side of the innertube at the valve and rip the innertube away from the valve. Which will necessitate you replacing the innertube. (Holes at the innertube-valve junction are almost impossible to repair -- I've never been able to repair 'em anyway.) <br />
<br />
Put 10-20 lbs of air into tire/innertube. Check valve for proper innertube-rim orientation. If the valve is sticking out of the valve hole at any angle (other than straight) let some air out and re-adjust innertube/tire and rim orietation. The rim and innertube are made to fit togather so the valve sticks straight out. Any other angle on the valve indicates things need to be re-adjusted. <br />
<br />
When the valve has the correct angle (straight out) inspect rim-tire orientation. You are looking to make sure the tire bead is completely seated all around the rim. Look at where the tire goes into the rim. The tire should appear about "even" all the way around the edge of the rim. Tires usually have several concentric "rings" cast into the surfacce of the tire near the bead just to make this check easy. If you see the tire bead coming out of the rim in any one location do NOT put any more air into the tire. Seat the tire bead. You may have to let some air out of the tire. <br />
<br />
When the tire bead is uniformly seated inflate the tire to full pressure. This is nearly always defined on a place on the tire. "Max pressure = ## lbs." should appear somewhere on the outside of your tire. <br />
<br />
<br />
Hey! You're done! <br />
Clean up your work area. <br />
Put your wheel back into your bicycle. Go for a ride! <br />
<br />
Check your tire the next day! <br />
If you had a patch that did not completely adhere you may have a slow leak. If this happens :-(( you get to find it (step 5) above) and repair it (step 6) above.) Remember to COMPLETELY remove the leaking patch before applying the new one. <br />
(Again, if you're new to this, you MAY have this happen once. It is frustrating. Somehow your patch did not completely adhere to the innertube. Dirty patch? Dirty innertube? Cement too dry? Patch not completely pressed on? These, and more, can result in a patch that does not completely adhere. I hope this does NOT happen to you.) <br />
<br />
Happy riding! <br />
Gerhardt in Portland <br />
Apr '07<br />
<br />
==3. Take apart, clean, and properly reassemble a bicycle.==<br />
This lookes like a big task with bits left over after the reassmbly.<br />
For this requirement in my opinon all that is intended is the ability to remove both wheels to aid giving the bike a good clean. A more detailed disasembly is required in the advanced honour (cleaning bearings & re greezing). Even in the advanced honour taking apart a bike completely is not intended.<br />
<br />
==4. Adjust the brakes and front and rear derailleur properly.==<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Derailleurs/Derailleur_Adjustment WikiBooks Derailleur Adjustment] <br />
<br />
<big><br />
'''Rim Brakes'''</big><br />
<br />
Most bicycle brakes use a lever on the handlebars to pull a cable:<br />
that cable draws together a pair of brake arms, pressing the brake<br />
blocks (aka pads or shoes) against the rim of the wheel.<br />
[[w:Friction|Friction]] between the blocks and the rim is what slows<br />
the bike down. <br />
<br />
First, check that your tires are inflated to their correct state, since any faulty pessures will confuse your efforts.<br />
<br />
Check that you have good brake blocks and rims. Rims should be free of corrosion and dirt, and the brake blocks should be appropriate for the rim. Replace worn blocks in pairs.<br />
<br />
*To clean steel rims of rust, use wire wool.<br />
*Avoid getting harsh cleaning products on the tires. Degreasers may corrode rubber.<br />
*Leather-faced blocks are best for steel rims.<br />
*Do not get oil, grease or wax on the rims or blocks.<br />
*Excess dirt on rims and blocks will make them wear out faster.<br />
<br />
*The rubber brake blocks need to be aligned with the metal rims, but the leading edge of each block should be slightly closer to the rim than the trailing edge. This prevents brake squealing and is called "toeing-in". Use a coin or piece of thin cardboard under the back end of the block as a spacer when adjusting. Some suggest tying an elastic band temporarily to the trailing end of the block instead of a spacer.<br />
<br />
*To make the adjustment, slacken the screw holding the block then swing the brake arm in so that the block is pressed sqarely against the metal rim, then retighten it with your "toeing-in" device in place. Do one block at a time.<br />
<br />
*When both blocks are aligned correctly, decide whether the distance of the blocks from the rims is correct by trying the feel of the brake lever, or by reference to your handbook. V-brakes might need only a 1mm gap, while others will have different settings. If a significant adjustment is needed, it should be done by resetting the cable length, but if a small change will do then use the handlebar barrel adjusters, installed near the brake levers.<br />
<br />
*To reset the cable length slacken the brake cable clamp and let the brake side arms relax. Adjust the position of the blocks by moving in both of the side arms until the blocks nearly touch the rims. Retighten the cable in the clamp. This may take a couple of tries to get the blocks close to, but not touching, the rim. <br />
<br />
*A fine adjustment may be made with the barrel adjuster. If not on the handlebars it may be near the brake blocks. A locknut keeps the adjustment in place. If the brakes just need a small adjustment, this fine adjustment may be all you need. Screwing the barrel adjusters all the way in before making brake adjusments will allow the widest range of outward adjustments at a later date, though leaving a couple of threads showing on the adjuster will allow a slight inward adjustment of the blocks if it is needed.<br />
<br />
*Rotate the wheel to check brake clearance. If it slows too soon then some thing is rubbing. A regular, periodic rubbing when the wheel is spun indicates that the wheel is out of true and needs to be trued. (See: [[Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Wheels_and_Tires/Truing_a_bicycle_wheel|Truing a bicycle wheel]].). Sometimes the blocks just need moved out minutely. <br />
<br />
*The brake should be centered so that both blocks apply equal pressure to the rim. The method varies:<br />
<br />
*For <b>side-pull</b> and <b>centre-pull</b> brakes, slacken the central retaining bolt and correct the position of the whole brake assembly.<br />
*For <b>cantilever</b> and <b>V-brake</b> systems, there is a spring-tension adjusting screw on one or both of the arms. Adjust these to bring both arms into balance. Screw it in to move the block further out.<br />
<br />
==5. Know and practice courtesy and safety rules in bicycling.==<br />
<br />
'''Wear a Helmet'''<br />
Bicyclists and bicycle passengers under 18 years old are required to wear helmets.<br />
<br />
'''Always ride with traffic.'''<br />
This is the law.<br />
Motorists are not looking for bicyclists riding on the wrong side of the road.<br />
<br />
'''Observe stop signs, signals and basic right-of-way-rules.'''<br />
Bicycle riders on public streets have the same rights and responsibilities as automobile drivers. Cyclists are part of the normal traffic flow and are entitled to share the road with other drivers. Like drivers, bicyclists must yield to pedestrians.<br />
<br />
'''Keep clear of the door zone.'''<br />
Try to ride a door’s width away from parked cars. If you have to ride in the door zone, ride very slowly. You have the right to ride in a traffic lane if it is too narrow to share with a car.<br />
<br />
'''Use hand signals.'''<br />
Hand signals tell motorists what you intend to do. Signalling is a matter of law, of courtesy, and of self-protection.<br />
<br />
'''Keep both hands ready to brake.'''<br />
You may not stop in time if you brake one-handed. Allow extra distance for stopping in the rain and heavy fog, since brakes are less efficient when wet.<br />
<br />
'''Ride a well equipped bike.'''<br />
Be sure your bike is adjusted to fit you properly. For safety and efficiency, outfit it with a bell, rear-view mirror, rack or basket, lights and reflector. Carry a water bottle, bike pump and patch kit. Wear a helmet. Keep your bike in good working order.<br />
<br />
'''Don’t weave between parked cars.'''<br />
Don’t ride out to the curb between parked cars, unless they are far apart. Motorists may not see you when you try to move back into traffic.<br />
<br />
'''Follow lane markings.'''<br />
Make left and right turns in the same way that cars do, using the same turn lanes.<br />
<br />
'''DON'T wear headphones.''' <br />
<br />
'''DO pull over if you need to use your cellphone.'''<br />
<br />
==6. What is the advantage of wearing a cycling helmet?==<br />
<br />
A [[W:helmet|helmet]] is a form of protective gear worn on the head. Traditionally, '''helmets''' have been made of metal. In recent decades helmets made from resin or plastic and typically reinforced with Aramid fiber (e.g. Twaron or Kevlar) have become preferred for most applications. '''''Designed for protection of the head''''' in combat, or in civilian life, from sports injuries, falling objects or high-speed collisions.<br />
<br />
Helmets are common in the military, construction, mining, and some sports, including American football, baseball,, ski, snowboarding, ice hockey, equestrian sports, motorsports, and rock climbing. Motorcycle helmets and '''bicycle helmets''' are compulsory headgear in some jurisdictions; in the United Kingdom only Sikhs are allowed to ride motorcycles without wearing motorcycle helmets. '''Bicycle helmet''' compulsion and even strong promotion has been a heated subject of debate amongst cyclists and scientists since at least the 1990s, lately focusing on alleged net protective effect at the population level.<br />
<br />
* [http://www.helmets.org/index.htm#helmets Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute] : Helmet info.<br />
* [http://www.dot.state.tx.us/services/traffic_operations/pedestrian_bicyclists.htm Thoughts from Texas Department of Transportation] : ''Wear a properly fitting helmet to reduce the chances of head injury and death. In some places, city or county law requires it.''<br />
<br />
==7. Have the following riding record:==<br />
*'''a. Take three separate 10-mile (16.1 km) rides in different locations.'''<br />
*'''b. Take a 50-mile (80.6 km) ride in ten hours or less.'''<br />
==8. Know how to read a road map by routing out your 50-mile (80.6 km) course and following it accurately on an actual ride.==<br />
* [http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/teachers/mapsshow.htm What do maps show?]<br />
<br />
<br />
* [http://www.gmap-pedometer.com/ Create your own routes using google maps!]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19155AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:02:02Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3. Orion */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
<br />
==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
<br />
===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
<br />
===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Key, contour lines, scale, grid system, trigs, G-MA information, map series and name<br />
<br />
===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
<br />
Decription of land surface showing the shape of the land.<br />
<br />
Shows positions of roads, fences, and other man made objects.<br />
<br />
Indicates a pictorial view from above<br />
<br />
===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
<br />
===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
<br />
[[Image:map key.jpg|thumb|150px|left|map key]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
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====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
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====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
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===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
<br />
<br />
====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
<br />
====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
<br />
====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Hollyford map.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Hollyford NZ topo map]]<br />
[[Image:Milford track.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Milford track]]{{PD-user|Geoff}}<br />
<br />
This picture of part of the Milford Track, photographed by me (sorry quality not the best as was taken prior to digital cameras and has been scaned), gives some idea of the contour lines on the Hollyford Map. These are glacier formed valleys u shaped with steep sides. The Milford, Routeburn and Holliford tracks are in the same area in Fiordland.<br />
Also pictured is a section of a topographic map. The complete map is produced by by the NZ Govt. This particular map is the old imperial series and has been superseeded by metric series 260. The picture of a map key is the same on any topographic map of a good scale. Hopefully both these map pictures will stay on this page as it is needed to demonstrate map understanding.<br />
<br />
===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
<br />
====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
<br />
====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
<br />
===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
<br />
====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
<br />
====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
<br />
====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
<br />
<br />
===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
<br />
====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
<br />
====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
<br />
====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
<br />
====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
<br />
==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
<br />
===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
<br />
===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
<br />
===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
The Silva compass is a very good one to use on map work. It has a plastic see through base. To get a good picture with a label of what each part is called cheek out google images.<br />
<br />
===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
<br />
====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
i. Place long edge of compass along the bearing desired.<br />
<br />
ii. Hold compass base on the map and turn compass housing until orienting arrow is parallel to grid lines.<br />
<br />
iii. Correct for G-MA<br />
<br />
iv. Hold compass at waist and turn until needle aligns with orienting arrow. Travel in the direction of travel arrow.<br />
<br />
====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
Point the travel arrow towards where you want to go. Rotate compass housing until the orienting arrow is directly below the magnetic needle. This will give the magnetic bearing.<br />
<br />
====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
Used to check back where you have come from. The bearing should be 180 deg different or the compass can be turned around so that the white end of needle aligns with the orienting arrow. (Check for slipping)<br />
<br />
====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
Set the compass to the required magentic bearing. Follow the travel arrow. It is good practice to look in the direction of travel and find a notable feature in the distance then the compass can go back in your pocket. If visibility poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the desired bearing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. If no rope use same method but go by sight, not letting the runner out of your sight you position him in line with the travel arrow.<br />
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===5. Resection. ===<br />
<br />
====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
<br />
====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
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===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
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==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
<br />
===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
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===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
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===3. Orion===<br />
A bit hard to describe without producing a picture. I will work on this.<br />
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===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
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But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shaddows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shaddow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shaddows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.<br />
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==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
<br />
===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
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The exercise is not the ability to travel exactly on a bearing between the two points, this is usually imposible in rough wilderness areas. Following an established trail or not so established between the two points would be permissable.<br />
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===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===<br />
Log the pre trip plans of the proposed route.<br />
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Log the actual trip giving grid references for the start point, the camp point, the finsih point.<br />
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Camping in the open means in tents or forestry hut. on some trails it is not permitted to tent within certain distance to the trail, so check.<br />
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Have lots of fun and save lots of memories.</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19154AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-09-23T10:00:10Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
<br />
==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
<br />
===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
<br />
===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Key, contour lines, scale, grid system, trigs, G-MA information, map series and name<br />
<br />
===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
<br />
Decription of land surface showing the shape of the land.<br />
<br />
Shows positions of roads, fences, and other man made objects.<br />
<br />
Indicates a pictorial view from above<br />
<br />
===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
<br />
===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
<br />
[[Image:map key.jpg|thumb|150px|left|map key]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
<br />
====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
<br />
====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
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===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
<br />
<br />
====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
<br />
====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
<br />
====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Hollyford map.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Hollyford NZ topo map]]<br />
[[Image:Milford track.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Milford track]]{{PD-user|Geoff}}<br />
<br />
This picture of part of the Milford Track, photographed by me (sorry quality not the best as was taken prior to digital cameras and has been scaned), gives some idea of the contour lines on the Hollyford Map. These are glacier formed valleys u shaped with steep sides. The Milford, Routeburn and Holliford tracks are in the same area in Fiordland.<br />
Also pictured is a section of a topographic map. The complete map is produced by by the NZ Govt. This particular map is the old imperial series and has been superseeded by metric series 260. The picture of a map key is the same on any topographic map of a good scale. Hopefully both these map pictures will stay on this page as it is needed to demonstrate map understanding.<br />
<br />
===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
<br />
====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
<br />
====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
<br />
===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
<br />
====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
<br />
====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
<br />
====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
<br />
<br />
===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
<br />
====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
<br />
====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
<br />
====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
<br />
====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
<br />
==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
<br />
===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
<br />
===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
<br />
===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
The Silva compass is a very good one to use on map work. It has a plastic see through base. To get a good picture with a label of what each part is called cheek out google images.<br />
<br />
===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
<br />
====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
i. Place long edge of compass along the bearing desired.<br />
<br />
ii. Hold compass base on the map and turn compass housing until orienting arrow is parallel to grid lines.<br />
<br />
iii. Correct for G-MA<br />
<br />
iv. Hold compass at waist and turn until needle aligns with orienting arrow. Travel in the direction of travel arrow.<br />
<br />
====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
Point the travel arrow towards where you want to go. Rotate compass housing until the orienting arrow is directly below the magnetic needle. This will give the magnetic bearing.<br />
<br />
====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
Used to check back where you have come from. The bearing should be 180 deg different or the compass can be turned around so that the white end of needle aligns with the orienting arrow. (Check for slipping)<br />
<br />
====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
Set the compass to the required magentic bearing. Follow the travel arrow. It is good practice to look in the direction of travel and find a notable feature in the distance then the compass can go back in your pocket. If visibility poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the desired bearing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. If no rope use same method but go by sight, not letting the runner out of your sight you position him in line with the travel arrow.<br />
<br />
===5. Resection. ===<br />
<br />
====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
<br />
====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
<br />
===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
<br />
<br />
==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
<br />
===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
<br />
===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
<br />
===3. Orion===<br />
<br />
===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
<br />
But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shaddows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shaddow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shaddows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.<br />
<br />
==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
<br />
===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
<br />
The exercise is not the ability to travel exactly on a bearing between the two points, this is usually imposible in rough wilderness areas. Following an established trail or not so established between the two points would be permissable.<br />
<br />
===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===<br />
Log the pre trip plans of the proposed route.<br />
<br />
Log the actual trip giving grid references for the start point, the camp point, the finsih point.<br />
<br />
Camping in the open means in tents or forestry hut. on some trails it is not permitted to tent within certain distance to the trail, so check.<br />
<br />
Have lots of fun and save lots of memories.</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19153AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-09-23T09:58:17Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
<br />
==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
<br />
===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
<br />
===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Key, contour lines, scale, grid system, trigs, G-MA information, map series and name<br />
<br />
===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
<br />
Decription of land surface showing the shape of the land.<br />
<br />
Shows positions of roads, fences, and other man made objects.<br />
<br />
Indicates a pictorial view from above<br />
<br />
===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
<br />
===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
<br />
[[Image:map key.jpg|thumb|150px|left|map key]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
<br />
====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
<br />
====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
<br />
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<br />
===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
<br />
<br />
====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
<br />
====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
<br />
====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Hollyford map.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Hollyford NZ topo map]]<br />
[[Image:Milford track.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Milford track]]{{PD-user|Geoff}}<br />
<br />
This picture of part of the Milford Track, photographed by me, gives some idea of the contour lines on the Hollyford Map. These are glacier formed valleys u shaped with steep sides. The Milford, Routeburn and Holliford tracks are in the same area in Fiordland.<br />
Also pictured is a section of a topographic map. The complete map is produced by by the NZ Govt. This particular map is the old imperial series and has been superseeded by metric series 260. The picture of a map key is the same on any topographic map of a good scale. Hopefully both these map pictures will stay on this page as it is needed to demonstrate map understanding.<br />
<br />
===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
<br />
====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
<br />
====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
<br />
===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
<br />
====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
<br />
====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
<br />
====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
<br />
<br />
===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
<br />
====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
<br />
====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
<br />
====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
<br />
====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
<br />
==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
<br />
===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
<br />
===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
<br />
===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
The Silva compass is a very good one to use on map work. It has a plastic see through base. To get a good picture with a label of what each part is called cheek out google images.<br />
<br />
===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
<br />
====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
i. Place long edge of compass along the bearing desired.<br />
<br />
ii. Hold compass base on the map and turn compass housing until orienting arrow is parallel to grid lines.<br />
<br />
iii. Correct for G-MA<br />
<br />
iv. Hold compass at waist and turn until needle aligns with orienting arrow. Travel in the direction of travel arrow.<br />
<br />
====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
Point the travel arrow towards where you want to go. Rotate compass housing until the orienting arrow is directly below the magnetic needle. This will give the magnetic bearing.<br />
<br />
====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
Used to check back where you have come from. The bearing should be 180 deg different or the compass can be turned around so that the white end of needle aligns with the orienting arrow. (Check for slipping)<br />
<br />
====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
Set the compass to the required magentic bearing. Follow the travel arrow. It is good practice to look in the direction of travel and find a notable feature in the distance then the compass can go back in your pocket. If visibility poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the desired bearing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. If no rope use same method but go by sight, not letting the runner out of your sight you position him in line with the travel arrow.<br />
<br />
===5. Resection. ===<br />
<br />
====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
<br />
====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
<br />
===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
<br />
<br />
==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
<br />
===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
<br />
===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
<br />
===3. Orion===<br />
<br />
===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
<br />
But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shaddows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shaddow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shaddows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.<br />
<br />
==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
<br />
===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
<br />
The exercise is not the ability to travel exactly on a bearing between the two points, this is usually imposible in rough wilderness areas. Following an established trail or not so established between the two points would be permissable.<br />
<br />
===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===<br />
Log the pre trip plans of the proposed route.<br />
<br />
Log the actual trip giving grid references for the start point, the camp point, the finsih point.<br />
<br />
Camping in the open means in tents or forestry hut. on some trails it is not permitted to tent within certain distance to the trail, so check.<br />
<br />
Have lots of fun and save lots of memories.</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19144AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-09-20T05:55:47Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
<br />
==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
<br />
===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
<br />
===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Key, contour lines, scale, grid system, trigs, G-MA information, map series and name<br />
<br />
===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
<br />
Decription of land surface showing the shape of the land.<br />
<br />
Shows positions of roads, fences, and other man made objects.<br />
<br />
Indicates a pictorial view from above<br />
<br />
===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
<br />
===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
<br />
[[Image:map key.jpg|thumb|150px|left|map key]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
<br />
====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
<br />
====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
<br />
<br />
====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
<br />
====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
<br />
====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
<br />
[[Image:Hollyford map.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Hollyford NZ topo map]]<br />
[[Image:Milford track.jpg|thumb|150px|centre|Milford track]]<br />
<br />
===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
<br />
====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
<br />
====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
<br />
===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
<br />
====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
<br />
====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
<br />
====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
<br />
<br />
===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
<br />
====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
<br />
====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
<br />
====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
<br />
====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
<br />
==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
<br />
===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
<br />
===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
<br />
===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
[[Image:silva_compass.jpg|thumb|left|Parts of an Orienteering Compass]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
<br />
====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
i. Place long edge of compass along the bearing desired.<br />
<br />
ii. Hold compass base on the map and turn compass housing until orienting arrow is parallel to grid lines.<br />
<br />
iii. Correct for G-MA<br />
<br />
iv. Hold compass at waist and turn until needle aligns with orienting arrow. Travel in the direction of travel arrow.<br />
<br />
====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
Point the travel arrow towards where you want to go. Rotate compass housing until the orienting arrow is directly below the magnetic needle. This will give the magnetic bearing.<br />
<br />
====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
Used to check back where you have come from. The bearing should be 180 deg different or the compass can be turned around so that the white end of needle aligns with the orienting arrow. (Check for slipping)<br />
<br />
====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
Set the compass to the required magentic bearing. Follow the travel arrow. It is good practice to look in the direction of travel and find a notable feature in the distance then the compass can go back in your pocket. If visibility poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the desired bearing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. If no rope use same method but go by sight, not letting the runner out of your sight you position him in line with the travel arrow.<br />
<br />
===5. Resection. ===<br />
<br />
====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
<br />
====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
<br />
===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
<br />
<br />
==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
<br />
===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
<br />
===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
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===3. Orion===<br />
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===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
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But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shaddows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shaddow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shaddows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.<br />
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==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
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===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
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The exercise is not the ability to travel exactly on a bearing between the two points, this is usually imposible in rough wilderness areas. Following an established trail or not so established between the two points would be permissable.<br />
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===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===<br />
Log the pre trip plans of the proposed route.<br />
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Log the actual trip giving grid references for the start point, the camp point, the finsih point.<br />
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Camping in the open means in tents or forestry hut. on some trails it is not permitted to tent within certain distance to the trail, so check.<br />
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Have lots of fun and save lots of memories.</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Recreation&diff=4565Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation2008-09-14T10:59:24Z<p>202.154.147.16: </p>
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<div>The official answer book by Leland Davis is available through [https://www.adventsource.org/book.aspx?ID=21409 Advent''Source'']. However, it has not been updated since 1998 and it does not include answers for some of the newer honors. These newer honors are noted here. This unofficial answer book is intended to provide a second resource for honor instructors.<br />
<br />
== Index of Recreational Honors (80) ==<br />
{{AY_Stages}}<br />
{| align=center style="background-color: #F7F7FF; border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
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{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling|Abseiling]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling - Advanced|Abseiling - Advanced]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Abseiling - Instructor|Abseiling - Instructor]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 May, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Archery|Archery]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 May, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Archery - Advanced|Archery - Advanced]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|26 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Backpacking|Backpacking]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|16 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Basketball|Basketball]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|31 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camp Craft|Camp Craft]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|29 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills I|Camping Skills I]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|10 May, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills II|Camping Skills II]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|15 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills III|Camping Skills III]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|2 Apr, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Camping Skills IV|Camping Skills IV]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Canoe Building|Canoe Building]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|19 Aug, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Canoeing|Canoeing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|10 Aug, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Caving|Caving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Caving - Advanced|Caving - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Community Water Safety|Community Water Safety]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Community Water Safety - Advanced|Community Water Safety - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|75%|22 Jan, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Cycling|Cycling]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Cycling - Advanced|Cycling - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|6 Apr, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drilling & Marching|Drilling & Marching]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drilling & Marching - Advanced|Drilling & Marching - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Drumming & Percussion|Drumming & Percussion]]{{ref|new_2006}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|1 Jan, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Dutch Oven Cooking|Dutch Oven Cooking]] {{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}} <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|13 May, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Fire Building & Camp Cookery|Fire Building & Camp Cookery]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|21 Aug, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Geocaching|Geocaching]] {{ref|new_2005}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
<br />
|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|50%|7 Sep, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Geocaching - Advanced|Geocaching - Advanced]]{{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|20 Mar, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Gold Prospecting|Gold Prospecting]]{{ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Gold Prospecting - Advanced|Gold Prospecting - Advanced]]{{fixed_ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|2 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Hiking|Hiking]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|18 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Horsemanship|Horsemanship]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Horsemanship - Advanced|Horsemanship - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|8 Jul, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Kayaking|Kayaking]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|75%|10 Feb, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Kites|Kites]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Knot Tying|Knot Tying]] <br><br />
{{stage short|Blue Question|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Letterboxing|Letterboxing]] {{ref|new_2008}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue Question|27 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Letterboxing - Advanced|Letterboxing - Advanced]] {{ref|new_2008}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|8 Sep, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Map and Compass|Map and Compass]]{{division_honor|SPD}}<br> <br />
{{stage short|00%|26 Jul, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Mountain Biking|Mountain Biking]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|25 Mar, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Navigation|Navigation]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|11 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Orienteering|Orienteering]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|7 Feb, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Outdoor Leadership|Outdoor Leadership]] <br><br />
{{stage short|25%|25 Nov, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Outdoor Leadership - Advanced|Outdoor Leadership - Advanced]] <br><br />
{{stage short|100%|26 Sep, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Physical Fitness|Physical Fitness]] <br><br />
{{stage short|75%|15 Jun, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Pioneering|Pioneering]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Power Boating|Power Boating]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rock Climbing|Rock Climbing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rock Climbing - Advanced|Rock Climbing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|14 Nov, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Rowing|Rowing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|28 July, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Sailing|Sailing]] <br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Scuba Diving|Scuba Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Scuba Diving - Advanced|Scuba Diving - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|27 Jul, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skateboarding|Skateboarding]] {{ref|skate}}{{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
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|width="33%" valign="top"|<br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skiing - Cross Country|Skiing - Cross Country]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|3 Oct, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skiing Downhill|Skiing Downhill]]<br><br />
{{stage short|25%|5 Feb, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Skin Diving|Skin Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Slow-Pitch Softball|Slow-Pitch Softball]]{{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|12 Apr, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Soccer|Soccer]] {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|28 May, 2008}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Springboard Diving|Springboard Diving]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Beginner|Swimming - Beginner]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Advanced Beginner|Swimming - Advanced Beginner]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Intermediate|Swimming - Intermediate]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming|Swimming]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Swimming - Advanced|Swimming - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Track & Field|Track & Field]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tree Climbing|Tree Climbing]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|22 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Triathlon|Triathlon]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|22 Jun, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Triathlon - Advanced|Triathlon - Advanced]] {{division_honor|SPD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tumbling & Balancing|Tumbling & Balancing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Tumbling & Balancing - Advanced|Tumbling & Balancing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|Blue_Question|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Unicycling|Unicycling]] {{fixed_ref|new_2008|3}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wakeboarding|Wakeboarding]] {{fixed_ref|new_2006|1}} {{division_honor|NAD}}<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Water Skiing|Water Skiing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Water Skiing - Advanced|Water Skiing - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|50%|25 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Leadership|Wilderness Leadership]]<br><br />
{{stage short|00%|27 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Leadership - Advanced|Wilderness Leadership - Advanced]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|4 Jul, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wilderness Living|Wilderness Living]]<br><br />
{{stage short|No_work|5 Dec, 2006}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Wind Surfing|Wind Surfing]]<br><br />
{{stage short|100%|19 Jul, 2007}} [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Winter Camping|Winter Camping]] <br><br />
|}<br />
{{ay_honor_divisions_legend}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
==Index of {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors by Skill Level==<br />
===Skill Level 1 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 1<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
===Skill Level 2 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 2<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
===Skill Level 3 {{SUBPAGENAME}} Honors===<br />
<DynamicPageList><br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/{{SUBPAGENAME}}<br />
category=Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 3<br />
order=ascending<br />
namespace=0<br />
</DynamicPageList><br />
==Notes==<br />
#{{note|drum}} The ''Drumming & Percussion, Drumming & Percussion - Advanced, Dutch Oven Cooking, Slow-Pitch Softball, and Wakeboarding'' honors were introduced in 2006, and therefore have no entry in the official answer books.<br />
#{{note|geo}} The ''Geocaching'' honor was introduced in 2005, so it has no entry in the official Answer Book.<br />
#{{note|new_2008}} The ''Gold Prospecting'', ''Letterboxing'', and ''Unicycling'' honors were introduced in 2008, and therefore have no entry in the official answer books.<br />
#{{note|skate}} The Skateboarding honor was voted to not be used in North America because of insurance regulations.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19143AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-09-14T10:57:44Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route toget</p>
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<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
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==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
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===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
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===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Key, contour lines, scale, grid system, trigs, G-MA information, map series and name<br />
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===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
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Decription of land surface showing the shape of the land.<br />
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Shows positions of roads, fences, and other man made objects.<br />
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Indicates a pictorial view from above<br />
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===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
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===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
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[[Image:map key.jpg|thumb|150px|left|map key]]<br />
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====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
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====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
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====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
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===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
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====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
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====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
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====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
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[[Image:Hollyford map.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Hollyford NZ topo map]]<br />
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===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
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====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
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====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
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===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
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====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
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====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
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====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
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===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
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====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
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====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
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====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
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====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
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==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
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===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
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===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
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===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
[[Image:silva_compass.jpg|thumb|left|Parts of an Orienteering Compass]]<br />
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===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
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====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
i. Place long edge of compass along the bearing desired.<br />
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ii. Hold compass base on the map and turn compass housing until orienting arrow is parallel to grid lines.<br />
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iii. Correct for G-MA<br />
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iv. Hold compass at waist and turn until needle aligns with orienting arrow. Travel in the direction of travel arrow.<br />
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====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
Point the travel arrow towards where you want to go. Rotate compass housing until the orienting arrow is directly below the magnetic needle. This will give the magnetic bearing.<br />
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====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
Used to check back where you have come from. The bearing should be 180 deg different or the compass can be turned around so that the white end of needle aligns with the orienting arrow. (Check for slipping)<br />
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====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
Set the compass to the required magentic bearing. Follow the travel arrow. It is good practice to look in the direction of travel and find a notable feature in the distance then the compass can go back in your pocket. If visibility poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the desired bearing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. If no rope use same method but go by sight, not letting the runner out of your sight you position him in line with the travel arrow.<br />
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===5. Resection. ===<br />
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====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
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====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
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===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
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==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
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===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
<br />
===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
<br />
===3. Orion===<br />
<br />
===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
<br />
But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shaddows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shaddow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shaddows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.<br />
<br />
==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
<br />
===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
<br />
The exercise is not the ability to travel exactly on a bearing between the two points, this is usually imposible in rough wilderness areas. Following an established trail or not so established between the two points would be permissable.<br />
<br />
===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===<br />
Log the pre trip plans of the proposed route.<br />
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Log the actual trip giving grid references for the start point, the camp point, the finsih point.<br />
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Camping in the open means in tents or forestry hut. on some trails it is not permitted to tent within certain distance to the trail, so check.<br />
<br />
Have lots of fun and save lots of memories.</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19142AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-09-14T10:51:29Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
<br />
==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
<br />
===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
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===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Key, contour lines, scale, grid system, trigs, G-MA information, map series and name<br />
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===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
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Decription of land surface showing the shape of the land.<br />
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Shows positions of roads, fences, and other man made objects.<br />
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Indicates a pictorial view from above<br />
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===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
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===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
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[[Image:map key.jpg|thumb|150px|left|map key]]<br />
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====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
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====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
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====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
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===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
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====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
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====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
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====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
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[[Image:Hollyford map.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Hollyford NZ topo map]]<br />
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===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
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====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
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====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
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===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
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====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
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====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
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====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
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===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
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====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
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====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
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====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
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====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
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==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
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===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
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===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
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===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
[[Image:silva_compass.jpg|thumb|left|Parts of an Orienteering Compass]]<br />
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===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
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====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
i. Place long edge of compass along the bearing desired.<br />
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ii. Hold compass base on the map and turn compass housing until orienting arrow is parallel to grid lines.<br />
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iii. Correct for G-MA<br />
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iv. Hold compass at waist and turn until needle aligns with orienting arrow. Travel in the direction of travel arrow.<br />
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====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
Point the travel arrow towards where you want to go. Rotate compass housing until the orienting arrow is directly below the magnetic needle. This will give the magnetic bearing.<br />
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====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
Used to check back where you have come from. The bearing should be 180 deg different or the compass can be turned around so that the white end of needle aligns with the orienting arrow. (Check for slipping)<br />
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====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
Set the compass to the required magentic bearing. Follow the travel arrow. It is good practice to look in the direction of travel and find a notable feature in the distance then the compass can go back in your pocket. If visibility poor or nil use a rope and a runner to go ahead and caste about till the runner on the desired bearing. Then move to the stationary runner following the tight rope. If no rope use same method but go by sight, not letting the runner out of your sight you position him in line with the travel arrow.<br />
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===5. Resection. ===<br />
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====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
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====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
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===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
<br />
<br />
==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
<br />
===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
<br />
===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
<br />
===3. Orion===<br />
<br />
===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
<br />
But if you must... place a stick in the ground on an open area. Mark the shaddows at times through out the day. From this you can find North or South (depending what side of the equator you are on) from the shortest shaddow and also East and West by drawing a line from the ends of the longest shaddows assuming you had an early morning and late evening marking with equal time from mid-day. But for this you have to be lucky to have sunshine for most of the day, which usually is not the case if you are lost. Anyhow it is something to know if you do not have a watch to know when mid-day is.<br />
<br />
==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
<br />
===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
<br />
The exercise is not the ability to travel exactly on a bearing between the two points, this is usually imposible in rough wilderness areas. Following an established trail or not so established between the two points would be permissable.<br />
<br />
===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Stars/Answer_Key_2&diff=7522AY Honors/Stars/Answer Key 22008-09-13T02:31:49Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* 4. How fast does light travel? How far does light travel in a year? */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|1|1928|Nature|General Conference}}<br />
{{AY Master|Naturalist}}<br />
==1. Answer the following questions:==<br />
===a. What is the earth's nearest celestial neighbor? What is its distance from the earth?===<br />
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Nearest neighbor}}<br />
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===b. What governs the tides?===<br />
The tides are governed by the Moon, and to a lesser extent, by the Sun.<br />
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===c. What causes an eclipse?===<br />
An eclipse is caused when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a direct line with one another. When the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, we see a lunar eclipse, which is the Earth's shadow falling on the moon. When the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, we see a solar eclipse, which is when the Moon's shadow falls on the Earth (blocking the Sun).<br />
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===d. What is a shooting star?===<br />
A shooting star is not a star at all, but rather a meteor. A meteor is any celestial body (usually quite small) that falls to the Earth. Most burn up in the atmosphere before reaching the surface, leaving a bright, short-lived streak in the sky.<br />
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==2. Make a diagram showing relative positions and movements of the earth, sun, and moon. Show positions and area events for eclipses of the sun and moon.==<br />
'''One may demonstrate by using an orange, walnut, and marble, or similar objects, to show positions and movements of the earth, sun, and moon when there is an eclipse of the sun and when there is an eclipse of the moon.'''<br />
==3. Make a diagram of our solar system and be able to name the planets in order from the sun.==<br />
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Planets}}<br />
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==4. How fast does light travel? How far does light travel in a year?==<br />
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Light travels at 186,000 miles per second (not miles per hour), which is 300,000 kilometers per second. In one year, light will travel 5.88 trillion miles (9.4 quadrillion km). This distance is also called a light-year.<br />
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==5. What is the difference between planets and fixed stars? Identify in the sky eight fixed stars.==<br />
The word ''planet'' means ''wanderer'' because the planets appear to wander about the sky relative to the stars. The stars do not move in relation to one another (although they all appear to move together because of the Earth's rotation on its axis).<br />
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Which eight stars you choose to teach your Pathfinders to identify will depend on the season (spring, summer, winter, or fall), although some stars are visible year-round. <br />
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===Stars visible in the Northern Hemisphere===<br />
====Polaris====<br />
[[Image:Finding_polaris.png|thumb|400px|right|Finding Polaris]]<br />
Polaris is one of the most useful stars for a person in the Northern Hemisphere to be able to identify, as it can tell you two things: which way is north, and what is your latitude (if your latitude is 38°, Polaris will be 38° above the horizon).<br />
<br style="clear:both"/><br />
====Capella====<br />
[[Image:Finding_capella.png|thumb|400px|right|Finding Capella]]<br />
Capella can be found by following the line made by the two stars in the Big Dipper's handle and extending it across the Dipper's bowl.<br />
<br style="clear:both"/><br />
====Arcturus====<br />
[[image:Finding arcturus.png|thumb|right|400px|Position of Arcturus]]<br />
Arcturus is the brightest star in the constellation Boötes, and the third brightest star in the night sky. Arcturus can be found in the summer by following the arc made by handle of the Big Dipper (away from the dipper's bowl).<br />
<br style="clear:both"/><br />
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==6. What is a constellation? Name and point out six. Name two constellations visible throughout the year.==<br />
A constellation is any one of the 88 areas into which the sky - or the celestial sphere - is divided. The term is also often used less formally to denote a group of stars visibly related to each other in a particular configuration or pattern.<br />
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;Ursa Major: Ursa Major is better known as the Big Dipper. It appears in the north and is fairly easy to identify. It is illustrated in a previous requirement.<br />
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;Ursa Minor: Ursa Minor is better known as the Little Dipper. Use the instructions given previously for finding Polaris, which is the end of the Little Dipper's handle. Unfortunately, the stars that make up Ursa Minor are relatively dim, making this one a bit more difficult to find.<br />
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;Cassiopeia: Cassiopiea is illustrated in the next requirement and is generally visible (at some time during the night) all year round. It is on the opposite side of Polaris from the Big Dipper.<br />
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;Boötes: Instructions for finding Arcturus, and thus the constellation Boötes are given in a previous requirement. <br />
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[[Image:Summer_triangle.png|thumb|400px|The Summer Triangle, including, Deneb (in Cygnus), Vega (in Lyra), and Altair (in Aquila)]]<br />
<br style="clear:both"/><br />
;Cygnus, Altair, and Lyra: These are easily identified summer constellations. The brightest stars in each of these three make up the Summer Triangle. Once the stars are found, it is easy to find the constellations they are part of. Vega is the brightest star in the Summer Triangle, and it is a member of the constellation Lyra. Cygnus is also known as the Northern Cross. The triangle is completed by Altair which is a member of the constellation Aquila.<br />
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[[Image:Wintersky.jpg]]<br />
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The Winter Circle is made up of several bright stars visible in the Northern hemisphere's winter. The easiest constellation to find in the Winter Circle is Orion. Following Orion's belt will lead to Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and a member of Canis Major (the "big dog"). Canis Minor (the "little dog") is clockwise from Sirius. Continuing clockwise, we come to Gemini, Auriga, and Taurus.<br />
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The constellations that are visible throughout the year are the ones near the celestial poles:<br />
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Constellations_visible_all_night}}<br />
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==7. For the Northern Hemisphere: draw a chart of the Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, and the North Star. For the Southern Hemisphere: draw a chart of the Southern Cross, Orion and Scorpio.==<br />
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, and the North Star}}<br />
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Southern Cross, Orion and Scorpio}}<br />
<br />
==8. What is the Milky Way? Observe the Milky Way in the night sky.==<br />
A large gathering of stars and bodies making up one of many galaxies. The portion visible in the night sky of Earth is only a single dimensional or flat view of the galaxy as our solar system is part of the same galaxy we have lack for a broader perspective.<br />
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==9. What is the morning star and evening star? Why does it carry both names? Observe the morning and evening star in the sky.==<br />
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This is not a star at all but the Planet Venus and draws in part its modern status as the Morning Star and Evening Star from mythology. Venus never appears on the opposite horizon from the sun due to its relative location to the sun and Earth. Mercury too fits this profile but is rarely actually visible.<br />
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==10. Explain zenith and nadir.==<br />
Zenith is the point in space directly overhead. If you extend a line from the zenith to the point on Earth upon which you are standing, and continue that line through the Earth and out the other side, it would point to the nadir. In other words, the line connecting the zenith and nadir passes through the point on Earth where you're standing and also passes through the center of the Earth and out the other side.<br />
<br />
==11. What is the aurora borealis? What causes it?==<br />
An Aurora is a beautiful natural phenomenon that often occurs in the polar regions of Earth. <br />
<br />
The immediate causes of aurora are precipitating energetic particles. These particles are electrons and protons that are energized in the near geospace environment. This energization process draws its energy from the interaction of the Earth's magnetosphere with the solar wind.<br />
<br />
==12. Discuss the statement made by Ellen G. White in Early Writings, page 41, concerning the opening in Orion.==<br />
:''“December 16, 1848, the Lord gave me a view of the shaking of the powers of the heavens. I saw that when the Lord said "heaven," in giving the signs recorded by Matthew, Mark, and Luke, He meant heaven, and when He said "earth" He meant earth. The powers of heaven are the sun, moon, and stars. They rule in the heavens. The powers of earth are those that rule on the earth. The powers of heaven will be shaken at the voice of God. Then the sun, moon, and stars will be moved out of their places. They will not pass away, but be shaken by the voice of God.''<br />
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:''Dark, heavy clouds came up and clashed against each other. The atmosphere parted and rolled back; then we could look up through the open space in Orion, whence came the voice of God. The Holy City will come down through that open space. I saw that the powers of earth are now being shaken and that events come in order. War, and rumors of war, sword, famine, and pestilence are first to shake the powers of earth, then the voice of God will shake the sun, moon, and stars, and this earth also. I saw that the shaking of the powers in Europe is not, as some teach, the shaking of the powers of heaven, but it is the shaking of the angry nations.” – Passages from Ellen G. White Early writings, page 41''<br />
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The above statement clearly mentions the events that would occur during Christ’s second coming to this earth. The passage also mentions that God’s voice would be heard through the open space in the Orion and also the “New Jerusalem” would descend from that open space. It is in agreement with the Holy Bible in Revelation 3:12 “Him that overcometh will make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, '''and the name of the city of my God, which is New Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God''': and I will write upon him my new name.”<br />
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The same is also mentioned in the book of Revelation, chapter 21:2 & 3 '''“And I John saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a great voice out of heaven''' saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them, and be their God.”<br />
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The passage also mentions on many things that would happen at the end of time whereby it affects nature terribly and also war between world countries with no more peace and safe place for humans.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
International Astronomer's Union [http://www.iau.org]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
On August 24, 2006 the International Astronomers Union, a non-governmental entity, reclassified Pluto giving it the status of Dwarf Planet. This new classification is based on their updated definition of what a planet is. One reason for the change is because the new definition requires that a planet "dominate" its orbit. Pluto's orbit crosses and is dominated by Neptune. Furthermore, scientists are discovering that the region of Pluto's orbit, which is known as the Kuiper Belt, is similar to the asteroid belt. There are many Pluto-like objects in that region, including one name Eris which is larger than Pluto. This means Pluto is more like an asteroid than it is like a planet.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]<br />
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Completed Honors|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]</div>202.154.147.16https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Map_and_Compass/Answer_Key&diff=19114AY Honors/Map and Compass/Answer Key2008-09-12T08:52:03Z<p>202.154.147.16: /* b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{honor_header|Unknown|Unknown|Recreation|South Pacific Division}}<br />
<br />
This honour is similar to the General Conference's [[../Orienteering (General Conference)|Orienteering]] Honour. This page will mainly show the answers to the different questions or where a different answer is needed. <br />
The Honour is equivalent to the New Zealand NZQA 431 Navigation in Good visibility.<br />
<br />
==Section 1 – The Map==<br />
<br />
===1a. What is a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour'' Basically a view from on top. Symbols and colours to represent true features on the land.<br />
<br />
===1b. What is found on a topographical map?===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
<br />
===1c. Give three uses of a topographical map.===<br />
''Refer to Orienteering Honour''<br />
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===2. What is an orthophoto map?===<br />
An orthophoto map uses aerial photos as the background with symbols and other information overlaid. Find a picture of one using Google.<br />
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===3. Be able to recognize twenty signs and symbols found on a topographical map, giving some in each of the following categories:===<br />
Most good tramping (hiking) maps will have a key showing lots of different symbols representing various features.<br />
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====a. man made. eg. power poles and lines, windmills, cemetery, railway tracks, roads, 4wd tracks, walking tracks,lighthouses, mines====<br />
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====b. water feature. eg. swamp, mangrove, gravel bar, getty, marine farm, cold/hot spring, small stream====<br />
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====c. vegetation feature. eg. orchard, evergreen plantation, decidous plantation, bush, shelter belt====<br />
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===4. Know and explain:<br>a. Elevation. ===<br />
====1. Contour lines: Coloured orange. Points of same altitude====<br />
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====2. Contour interval====<br />
In the NZ old inch to a mile series 1:63360 the difference in height between contours was 100 feet. In the new (2005) metric series 260. the interval is 20 metres.<br />
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====3. Recognize nine ground formations from their contour lines. Valley, Ridge, Spur, Cliff, Saddle, Shoulder, Escarpment, Knoll, Brow====<br />
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===4b. Distance===<br />
This is a horizontal distance as the crow flies. It is not always a very acurate estimation of the amount of land between two points (land distance). Land distance depends on terrain. Land distance = horizontal distance + (contour interval x number of contour lines). <br />
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====1. The map scale====<br />
Relationship of the horizontal distance between two points on the map and the horizontal distance on the ground in real life. This is shown as a ratio <br />
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====2. Measuring map distances==== <br />
Look at the map scale to calculate the real distance<br />
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===4c. Map grid system.===<br />
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====1. What is the grid system used for?====<br />
To accurately locate reference points on a map using a set of 6 numbers.<br />
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====2. Rules for reading grid references====<br />
Grid numbers are a two digit number at the end of each grid line. However a grid reference must contain 6 numbers. 3 from the horizontal and 3 from the vertical. The third digit is the approximate distance in tenths between the two nearest grid lines. Always give the longitude first then latitude. <br />
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====3. Demonstrate ability to read grid system====<br />
A typical grid reference would look like 355884. Most topo maps would explain how to do this on the borders.<br />
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===5. Know and Explain ===<br />
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====a. Grid North====<br />
The direction of the North Grid lines run verticaly on the map so the top op the map would be grid north. <br />
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====b. True North====<br />
Usually grid north and true north are the same on topo maps BUT in some cases this is not the case especially as the maps get closer to the artic regions. Check the map do NOT guess or assume or you will be geograhically embarrised ie. lost. Check the magnetic delination on the map.<br />
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====c. Magnetic North==== <br />
The direction to which the red pointer needle on the compass nearly always points. The difference between true North and magnetic North is called the magnetic declination or G-MA (Grid Magnetic Angle) <br />
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====d. Declination====<br />
The compass needle alignes itself with the earths magnetic flux (lines)of force passing through the place you are standing. The difference detween true north and magetic north is the G-MA angle. This changes with the earth's magnetic field variations. The G-MA must be considered when using a compass to orientate a map. The map will give a value and time calculation so you can work the value of the angle.<br />
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==Section Two – The Compass==<br />
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===1. What are the eight major points of the compass and their bearings?===<br />
#N 0°/360°<br />
#NE 45°<br />
#E 90°<br />
#SE 135°<br />
#S 180°<br />
#SW 225°<br />
#W 270°<br />
#NW 315°<br />
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===2. Become familiar with several different types of compass.===<br />
I have come to understand that there is a difference between Northern Hemisphere compasses and Southern Hemisphere compasses. I am free to be corrected on this point. It may pay to check if you are country hopping.<br />
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===3. Know the parts of an orienteering compass.===<br />
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===4. Demonstrate your ability to:===<br />
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====a. Take a bearing from the map ====<br />
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====b. Take a land bearing ====<br />
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====c. Take a back bearing ====<br />
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====d. Walk on a magnetic bearing====<br />
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===5. Resection. ===<br />
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====a. What is resection?====<br />
Used to locate your position on a map<br />
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====b. Demonstrate your ability to do a resection. ====<br />
Take two or more back bearings from known features. Remember to transfer backward for G-MA. The point where the two or more bearings cross is your location. Of course is acuracy is not an issue you could look at the features around you and find them on the map and wok out where you are in relation to the sighted features.<br />
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===6. Orient your map by inspection and by compass.===<br />
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==Section Three – Direction without the aid of a Compass== <br />
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===1. Watch.===<br />
Southern Hemisphere method only.Point the 12 to the sun. Halfway between the hour hand and the 12 is North. You still have to use your intelligence for this as early morning time and evening time care must be taken as to which half you use. Eg 8am sun is rising in the East; point 12 to the sun North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the 10. BUT late evening the sun is heading to set in the west say time is 8pm you point the 12 at the sun. North is halfway between the 8 and the 12 at the other side of watch at the 4. This should be used only as a guide as in some countries the real time has been adjusted and sometimes there is daylight saving time etc. <br />
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===2. Southern Cross. ===<br />
The Southern Cross is a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere sky. The crux has a longer axis. In your mind extend this about 4 times its lenght. Find the halfway point between the Pointers (Alpha and Beta Centuri) and ake a right angle line to meet the extended line you took from the crux axis. The junction of these two lines is the SCP Southern Celestial Pole. If you were at the South Pole this would be directly above you. This is the point where the night sky revolves around. Point to this spot then lower your arm to the horizon. Where you are pointing is South. <br />
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===3. Orion===<br />
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===4. Shadow Stick.===<br />
This method is a waste of time. We all know the sun rises in the East and sets in the West. The stick shadow shows you this. Also when the sun is at its zenith the highest it gets in the Southern Hemi look at the sun and it is towards the North the opposite in the Northern Hemi. So we learn that at mid day is the best time to find North (or South).<br />
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==Section Four – Practical ==<br />
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===1. Demonstrate how to take a map bearing between two points and then navigate between the two points.===<br />
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===2. Complete a 20 km bushwalk in unfamiliar terrain. The walk is to include one night camping in the open at least 5 km from the mode of transport. Participants are to keep a log book detailing grid references and plans for the proposed route together with records of actual course taken.===</div>202.154.147.16