Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Journalism/Answer Key"

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{{Otheruses4|newspaper headlines|the U.S. TV series|Big Town}}
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{{honor_header|2|1938|Vocational|General Conference}}
{{Selfref|For the Wikipedia guideline, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)]].}}
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==1. Describe the elements of a good lead paragraph and the use and importance of headlines.==
{{wiktionary|headline}}
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===Lead Paragraph===
A '''headline''' is text at the top of a [[newspaper]] article, indicating the nature of the article below it.
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A lead paragraph in Literature refers to the opening paragraph of an article, essay, news story or book chapter. Often called just "the lead", it usually opens together with the headline or title, almost always gives the reader the main idea of the story preceding the main body of the article and the final conclusion. The "lead" immediately grabs the attention of the reader and must be at least three sentences long. It also needs to directly relate to the body of the article.
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====Types of leads====
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Journalistic leads emphasise grabbing the attention of the reader.
  
It is sometimes termed a news ''hed'', a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during [[hot type]] days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.
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In journalism, the failure to mention the most interesting or attention grabbing elements of a story in the first paragraph is sometimes called "burying the lead."
  
== Format ==
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Leads in essays summarize the outline of the argument and conclusion that follows in the main body of the essay. Encyclopedia leads tend to do define the subject matter as well as emphasizing the interesting points of the article. General articles in magazines tend to be somewhere in between journalism and encyclopedias and often lack a distinct lead entirely. Leads or introductions in books vary enormously in length and content.
Headlines are written in much larger type size than the article text, and often in a different font entirely. Headlines are often in [[sentence case]], although [[title case]] is often used in the USA.
 
  
Headline conventions include normally using present tense even when discussing events that happened in the recent past; [[zero copula|omitting forms of the verb "to be"]] in certain contexts; and removing short articles like "a" and "the". Most newspapers feature a very large headline on their front page, dramatically describing the biggest news of the day. Words chosen for headlines are often short, giving rise to [[headlinese]].
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====Rules====
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The key to understanding the lead usually lies in the reader’s ability to identify and understand the subject and the main verb. In general, there are three sentence types found in the lead.
  
A headline may also be followed by a smaller secondary headline, often called subhead or "deck hed", which gives more information.
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# The subject and the main verb are found together at or near the beginning of the sentence. This is by far, the most common sentence type.
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# The subject is separated from the main verb by information about the subject, often in the subject, often in the form of a relative clause – the clause that starts with who, which, when, where and whose.
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# The sentence begins with an introductory phrase. In such cases, students must learn to read until they find a comma, after which they will find the main verb.
  
Russ Willison{{Who|date=March 2009}} describes headlines as the "barb on the hook."
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===Headlines===
  
== Production of headlines within the editorial environment ==
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==2. Write a news article of at least three paragraphs, using a good lead paragraph about something interesting that has happened in your church, school, home, or Pathfinder Club.==
Headlines are generally written by [[copy editor]]s, but may also be written by the writer, the page layout designer or a news editor or managing editor.
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==3. What are the essentials of writing a good story?==
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==4. Know the difference between passive and active verbs, and give three comparative examples.==
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==5. Write to a publisher, requesting story-writing guidelines.==
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Story writing guidelines are available free from the following:
  
The film ''[[The Shipping News (film)|The Shipping News]]'' has an illustrative exchange between the protagonist, who is learning how to write for a local newspaper, and his [[publisher]]:
 
  
: Publisher: It's finding the center of your story, the beating heart of it, that's what makes a reporter.  You have to start by making up some headlines. You know: short, punchy, dramatic headlines.  Now, have a look, [''pointing at dark clouds gathering in the sky over the ocean''] what do you see? Tell me the headline.
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: '''Pacific Press Publishing Association'''
:Protagonist: HORIZON FILLS WITH DARK CLOUDS?
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: 1350 North Kings Road
:Publisher: IMMINENT STORM THREATENS VILLAGE.
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: Nampa, ID 83687
:Protagonist: But what if no storm comes?
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: Phone: 208-465-2500
:Publisher: VILLAGE SPARED FROM DEADLY STORM.
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: Fax: 208-465-2531
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: http://www.pacificpress.com/index.php?pgName=newsOLFPTsub
  
In the United States, headline contests are sponsored by the [[American Copy Editors Society]], the [[National Federation of Press Women]], and many state press associations.
 
  
== Unusual headlines ==
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: '''Review and Herald Pusblishing Association'''<br>
Occasionally, the need to keep headlines brief leads to unintentional double meanings, if not [[double entendre]]s. For example, if the story is about the president of Iraq trying to acquire weapons, the headline might be IRAQI HEAD SEEKS ARMS. Or if some agricultural legislation is defeated in the United States House of Representatives, the title could read FARMER BILL DIES IN HOUSE.
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: 55 West Oak Ridge Drive<br>
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: Hagarstown, MD 21740
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: http://www.reviewandherald.org/services/guidelines.asp
  
* WALL ST. LAYS AN EGG - ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' on [[Black Monday]] (1929)
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==6. Write a story on one of the following:==
* [[Sticks nix hick pix|STICKS NIX HICK PIX]] - ''Variety'' writing that rural moviegoers preferred urban films (1935)
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*'''a. How your family first accepted Christ, whether it was you, your parents, your grandparents, etc.'''
* [[Dewey Defeats Truman|DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN]] - The ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' reporting the wrong election winner (1948)
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*'''b. Personal experiences of answered prayer or divine guidance.'''
* FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD - ''[[New York Daily News]]'' reporting the denial of a federal bailout (1975)
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*'''c. An interesting pet that you have had.'''
* [[Sic transit gloria mundi|SICK TRANSIT'S GLORIOUS MONDAY]] - ''New York Daily News'' reporting a state transit bailout (1980)<ref>[http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/history-nycta1980s.html The New York City Transit Authority in the 1980s]</ref>
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*'''d. An experience you have had while at summer camp or on a camping trip.'''
* GOTCHA! - The UK ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on the torpedoing of the Argentine ship ''[[ARA General Belgrano|Belgrano]]'' and sinking of a gunboat during the [[Falklands War]] (1982)
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*'''e. When God first became real to you as a friend and personal savior.'''
* HEADLESS BODY IN TOPLESS BAR - ''[[New York Post]]'' on a local murder (1983)
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*'''f. The most difficult thing about being a Christian today.'''
* GREAT SATAN SITS DOWN WITH THE AXIS OF EVIL - The UK ''[[The Times]]'' on US-Iran talks (2007)<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1851791.ece Great Satan sits down with the Axis of Evil]</ref>
 
* [[Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious|SUPER CALEY GO BALLISTIC CELTIC ARE ATROCIOUS]] - ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on Inverness Caledonian Thistle beating Celtic in the Scottish Cup<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_div_1/2875957.stm Super Caley dream realistic?]</ref>
 
* FREDDIE STARR ATE MY HAMSTER - ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on Lea La Salle's claim that [[Freddie Starr|the comedian]] had eaten her pet in a sandwich. [[Max Clifford]] later admitted that the story was a fabrication.
 
* ICE CREAM MAN HAS ASSETS FROZEN - [[BBC News]]: An ice cream salesman has his [[assets]] frozen for suspectedly [[smuggling]] [[tobacco]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4121006.stm BBC News | UK | Northern Ireland | Ice cream man has assets frozen<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
  
According to [[Claud Cockburn]], the following headline won a competition for being the dullest ever: "Small earthquake in Chile. Not many dead."<ref>[http://www.obkb.com/dcljr/favquote.html OBKD.com]</ref>
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==7. Submit a story to a Seventh-day Adventist publication.==
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==8. Know how to write a cover letter to the editor for submitting your story or article and write a cover letter to the editor to include with your story or article.==
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==9. What education is helpful for getting into the career of journalism?==
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Many of the most famous and respected journalists of the past and present had no formal training in journalism, but learned their craft on the job, often starting out as copy boys/copy girls. Today, in many parts of the world it is usual for journalists to first complete university-level training which incorporates both technical skills such as research skills, interviewing technique and shorthand and academic studies in media theory, cultural studies and ethics. Many universities offer Journalism as a major. A journalism school is a school or department, usually part of an established university, where journalists are trained.
  
== See also ==
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==10. What types of jobs are available for anyone who is interested in journalism?==
* ''[[Headlines (The Tonight Show)|Headlines]]'' (from ''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]]'')
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==References==
* [[A-1 Headline]], a 2004 Hong Kong film
 
* [[Bus plunge]], a type of news story, and accompanying headline
 
  
== Further reading ==
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
* [[Harold Evans]]  ''News Headlines'' (Editing and Design : Book Three) Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd (February 1974) ISBN-10: 0434905526 ISBN-13: 978-0434905522
 
* [[Fritz Spiegl]] ''What The Papers Didn't Mean to Say'' Scouse Press, Liverpool, 1965
 
 
 
== References ==
 
<references/>
 
 
 
== External links ==
 
* [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/frontpage/homepage.html Front Page - The British Library] Exhibition of famous newspaper headlines (2006)
 
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4342940,00.html Head you win: The readers' editor on the art of the headline writer]
 
 
 
[[Category:Headlines| ]]
 
 
 
[[de:Schlagzeile]]
 
[[nl:Krantenkop]]
 
[[ja:見出し]]
 
[[pt:Manchete]]
 
[[simple:Headline]]
 
[[sv:Tidningsrubrik]]
 
[[zh:頭條新聞]]
 

Revision as of 00:05, 22 April 2009

Template:Honor header

1. Describe the elements of a good lead paragraph and the use and importance of headlines.

Lead Paragraph

A lead paragraph in Literature refers to the opening paragraph of an article, essay, news story or book chapter. Often called just "the lead", it usually opens together with the headline or title, almost always gives the reader the main idea of the story preceding the main body of the article and the final conclusion. The "lead" immediately grabs the attention of the reader and must be at least three sentences long. It also needs to directly relate to the body of the article.

Types of leads

Journalistic leads emphasise grabbing the attention of the reader.

In journalism, the failure to mention the most interesting or attention grabbing elements of a story in the first paragraph is sometimes called "burying the lead."

Leads in essays summarize the outline of the argument and conclusion that follows in the main body of the essay. Encyclopedia leads tend to do define the subject matter as well as emphasizing the interesting points of the article. General articles in magazines tend to be somewhere in between journalism and encyclopedias and often lack a distinct lead entirely. Leads or introductions in books vary enormously in length and content.

Rules

The key to understanding the lead usually lies in the reader’s ability to identify and understand the subject and the main verb. In general, there are three sentence types found in the lead.

  1. The subject and the main verb are found together at or near the beginning of the sentence. This is by far, the most common sentence type.
  2. The subject is separated from the main verb by information about the subject, often in the subject, often in the form of a relative clause – the clause that starts with who, which, when, where and whose.
  3. The sentence begins with an introductory phrase. In such cases, students must learn to read until they find a comma, after which they will find the main verb.

Headlines

2. Write a news article of at least three paragraphs, using a good lead paragraph about something interesting that has happened in your church, school, home, or Pathfinder Club.

3. What are the essentials of writing a good story?

4. Know the difference between passive and active verbs, and give three comparative examples.

5. Write to a publisher, requesting story-writing guidelines.

Story writing guidelines are available free from the following:


Pacific Press Publishing Association
1350 North Kings Road
Nampa, ID 83687
Phone: 208-465-2500
Fax: 208-465-2531
http://www.pacificpress.com/index.php?pgName=newsOLFPTsub


Review and Herald Pusblishing Association
55 West Oak Ridge Drive
Hagarstown, MD 21740
http://www.reviewandherald.org/services/guidelines.asp

6. Write a story on one of the following:

  • a. How your family first accepted Christ, whether it was you, your parents, your grandparents, etc.
  • b. Personal experiences of answered prayer or divine guidance.
  • c. An interesting pet that you have had.
  • d. An experience you have had while at summer camp or on a camping trip.
  • e. When God first became real to you as a friend and personal savior.
  • f. The most difficult thing about being a Christian today.

7. Submit a story to a Seventh-day Adventist publication.

8. Know how to write a cover letter to the editor for submitting your story or article and write a cover letter to the editor to include with your story or article.

9. What education is helpful for getting into the career of journalism?

Many of the most famous and respected journalists of the past and present had no formal training in journalism, but learned their craft on the job, often starting out as copy boys/copy girls. Today, in many parts of the world it is usual for journalists to first complete university-level training which incorporates both technical skills such as research skills, interviewing technique and shorthand and academic studies in media theory, cultural studies and ethics. Many universities offer Journalism as a major. A journalism school is a school or department, usually part of an established university, where journalists are trained.

10. What types of jobs are available for anyone who is interested in journalism?

References