Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Puppetry/Answer Key"

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{{Redirect6|Sockpuppet|the term relating to the Internet|Sockpuppet (Internet)|the Wikipedia policy on sock puppetry|Wikipedia:Sock puppetry}}
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A '''hand puppet''' (also called a '''glove puppet''' or '''glove doll''') is a type of [[puppet]] that is primarily controlled by a hand that occupies the interior of the puppet. Larger varieties of hand puppets place the [[puppeteer]]'s hand in just the puppet's head, controlling the mouth and head, and the puppet's body then hangs over most or all of the forearm of the puppeteer, and possibly extends further.  Other parts of the puppet may be controlled by different means, e.g., by rods operated by the puppeteer's free hand, or strings or levers pulled from inside the head or body. A smaller variety, '''simple hand puppets''' often have no significant manipulable parts at all. '''Finger puppets''' are hand puppets made only to fit a finger.
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A '''sock puppet''' is a [[puppet]] made from a [[sock]] (or similar garment) which is placed over the hand of a [[puppeteer]]. When a sock puppeteer fits their hand into the closed end of the sock, the sock puppet can be made to "talk" with the opening and closing of the hand. The puppet's mouth is formed by the region between the heel and the toe, with the thumb forming a jaw. At a minimum the shape of the hand will instantly form the shape of a mouth, but sometimes the mouth is padded by putting in a fairly hard piece of felt (often with a tongue glued inside). Sometimes the region between the toe and heel is cut open with scissors to form a mouth.
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== Simple hand puppets ==
  
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[[Image:Carlb-sockpuppet-02.jpg|thumb|200px|Sock puppet]]
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[[Image:Simple_hand_puppet.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Simple toy dog hand puppet.]]
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The sock is stretched out fully so that it is long enough to cover the puppeteer's wrist and part of the arm. Often, but not always, the puppeteer will hide behind a stand and raise up his or her hand above the stand so that only the puppet is visible. Many sock puppeteers, however, stand in full view along with their puppets and will hold conversations with their own sock puppets, using [[ventriloquism]].
 
  
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==Composition==
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The simplest hand puppets are those with few or no moving parts.  They can be stiff, made from e.g. a hard [[plastic]], but are more often flexible, made from [[Textile|fabric]], possibly with some stuffing and attached decorations for eyes, nose, and so on.  The mouth may be a mere decoration that does not open and close, or the thumb may enter a separate pocket from the rest of the fabric and so simulate a [[mandible]], allowing the puppet to talk.
  
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Sock puppets can be made from socks or [[stocking]]s of any colour. Worn-out socks may be used, although socks that are too tattered may fall apart during performance, but socks are usually bought brand-new from the store in order to make sock puppets. Various additions can be glued on in order to give the sock a personality. Streamers and felt strings are popularly glued on for hair. [[Googly eyes]] (obtained from craft or fabric stores) are glued on for the puppet's eyes. Sometimes clothes can be added, but this is not frequently seen.
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Simple hand puppets are usually not much larger than the hand itself. A [[sock puppet]] is a particularly simple type of hand puppet made from a sock. A '''glove puppet''' is slightly more complex, with an internal division for fingers allowing independent manipulation of a character's arms.
  
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it may also use to entertain people by acting as a real being.
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Simple hand puppets, especially of popular [[licensed character]]s, are often distributed as children's [[toy]]s or [[party favor]]s.
  
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==Uses==
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== Larger Hand Puppets ==
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As sock puppets appear friendly, non-threatening, and clearly non-human, therapists often have their patients speak to a sock puppet when they feel inhibited from speaking to the therapist.  For the same reasons, and because oneself and one's sock puppet often feel like two different people, one can speak through a sock puppet to express thoughts or facets of one's personality that one would not feel free to admit in person or fears would harm one's reputation were they actually said in one's own person.
 
  
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Sock puppets are often used for the education and entertainment of children. They can be used in often elaborate puppet shows or children's plays, much as [[marionette]]s would be used. The process of making sock puppets is popularly taught as a creative activity in elementary schools. Many schools teach children to make sock puppets and then have the children put on shows or plays for the whole school with them, sometimes with all the sock puppets singing.
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[[Image:Guiermo-rods-50pct.png|right|331px|thumb|A nearly-completed [[hand puppet]] with arm rods.  This puppet will be complete once eyes and hair are added.]]
  
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Sock puppets also appear in children's television shows where they can be used alone on the puppeteer's hand, without a complex stage or show. Two [[orange (colour)|orange]] sock puppets named "Fu" and "Fara" are used in teaching German children how to read.<ref>see the German Wikipedia page [[:de:Fu (Schule)|Fu]] for more information.</ref> In the United States, sock puppeteer [[Shari Lewis]] was well known for her television show ''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' featuring the sock puppets Lamb Chop, Charlie Horse, and Hush Puppy.
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Larger and more complex hand puppets generally have, at minimum, a complete working hinged mouth, and usually arms as well.  Special variants exist with additional manipulable parts: e.g., eyelids that open and close.  Most hand puppets depict only the upper half of the character, from the waist up, with the stage covering the missing remainder, but variants also exist that have legs.  The legs usually just dangle, but in special cases the legs may be controlled either from behind the stage using strings that dangle over the top of the stage and control the legs from above (like a [[marionette|marionette's]], or by another puppeteer using rods from below, hidden by a lower and more forward part of the opera.
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Moving more upmarket, things such as old favourites like sooty, where used to help educate children to make learning more fun. Children that way gain more pleasure form seeing the furry creatures acting and talking like humans.
 +
 
 +
Puppets are used at place like primary school to help educate as said above.
 +
 
 +
== Technique ==
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=== Basic Positioning ===
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As with any stage performer, the puppet should always face the audience; it may turn somewhat to one side or the other, but generally not more than about 45 degrees away from straight forward.  This allows the audience to see the puppet's face.
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Since the puppet stage is normally taller or higher than the seated audience (in order to best hide the puppeteers and provide room for them to work), the puppet must be made to lean forward slightly with its head tilted somewhat down, in order to make eye contact with the audience.  A puppet that fails to do this appears to be staring over the heads of the audience or, in extreme cases, at the ceiling, a mistake often made by novice puppeteers.
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Vertically, the puppet should be kept elevated, with its shoulders well above the stage.  Ideally, most of the puppet's torso should be kept visible to the audience at all times.  A puppet that is not properly elevated is said to be ''drowning''.
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This is to the manner in which the puppet's mouth opens and closes in order to appear to form words or sounds, similar to [[Lip sync|lip syncing]].
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The puppet's lower jaw ([[mandible]]) should open downward, with the upper jaw, which is usually contiguous with the rest of the head, not raising much.  This mimics the way the [[human]] mouth works.  A typical novice mistake is to reverse this and open the puppet's mouth like that of an [[alligator]], flipping the top.  With practice, this tendency can be suppressed.  When learning the technique, it often helps to move or lean the entire puppet, or at least the head, forward slightly each time the mouth opens; with more experience, this becomes less necessary.
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The basic mainstay of diction for most puppeteers is ''syllabic diction'', i.e., opening the puppet's mouth once for each syllable, closing it at the end of the syllable.  Another common novice mistake is to reverse this, closing the mouth on each syllable, which makes it look as if the puppet is biting off its words; this effect should be carefully avoided.
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When the puppet must speak very rapidly, a variant on syllabic diction may be used where some syllables are omitted.  It is important to open the puppet's mouth for the first and last syllables as well as all long or emphasized syllables, but most audiences will not notice if some of the unimportant syllables are omitted, provided it happens fairly quickly. As the puppet's speech (or song lyrics) slows down, it becomes more and more important to include every syllable.
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More advanced forms of diction are possible.  Ultimately the experienced puppeteer will master ''phonetic diction'', in which the degree to which the puppet's mouth is open at any given point mimics the motion of the human mouth forming the same series of [[phoneme|sounds]]; thus, the mouth will be open wide for a long O vowel, briefly close almost completely when forming a [[dental consonant|dental]] [[plosive consonant|stop]], and so on and so forth.
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=== Arm Rods ===
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A hand puppet's arms are often controlled by the puppeteer's free hand via rods, which attach to the insides of the puppet's wrists in some orderly fashion.
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=== Body Movements ===
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One of the most important techniques in puppetry is continuous motion.  A puppet that remains still has a dull, lifeless appearance and is said to be ''dead''.  Motion should shift from one portion of the puppet to another, so that one moment the puppet is moving its head and the next moment shifting its torso or repositioning an arm.  The puppet may shift from side to side, look around, lean or straighten, fidget (with part of the stage, its own clothing or hair, or any available object), cross or uncross its arms, sigh, tilt its head, or make any number of other small motions, in order to continue to appear lifelike.
  
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Sock puppets have also been used in television programming aimed at adults.  The 1990s saw the introduction of the [[Ed the Sock]] character on the [[MuchMusic]] video network, and the ''[[Sifl and Olly]]'' show on the [[MTV]] music network.  Both of these were aimed at teenagers and young adults. Sock puppets have also appeared in [[advertising]] geared towards adults. During the late 1990s, the [[ecommerce]] company [[Pets.com]] used a "spokespuppet" in its advertising to much critical acclaim.<ref>http://www.internetworld.com/magazine.php?inc=121500/12.15.00fastforward2.html</ref> The Pets.com puppet was given a "second chance" by 1-800-BarNone, which helps consumers obtain financing for autos. <ref> http://www.barnoneonline.com/sock-puppet.html </ref>
 
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In 2003 the online bank [[Egg Banking plc|Egg]] also used sock puppets in its advertising campaign.
 
  
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==Notes==
 
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<references/>oooiunnn
 
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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* [http://www.daniellesplace.com/html/puppets.html Danielle's Place: Easy To Make Sock Puppets] - Instructions on how to make a variety of different sock puppets
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* [http://www.puppetrylab.com PuppetryLab] - Advanced puppetry theory and practice tools
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* [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~sty206 Finger Puppets] - Nonprofit society for the promotion of finger puppetry
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{{Commons|Sock puppet}}
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* [http://www.hand-puppets.info Hand Puppets] - A variety of links and information about building hand puppets.
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* [http://www.101handpuppets.com/ 101 Hand Puppets] - A guide for puppeteers of all ages
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* [http://www.puppetools.com  Puppetools] - An Online Workshop for Educators Focused on Play Language
  
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[[Category:Dolls]]
 
 
[[Category:Puppets]]
 
[[Category:Puppets]]
  
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[[ar:دمية جورب]]
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[[it:Teatro dei burattini]]
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[[bs:Čaraparko]]
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[[pl:Pacynka]]
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[[de:Handpuppe]]
 
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[[eo:Gantpupo]]
 
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[[hr:Čarapko]]
 
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[[nl:Sokpop]]
 
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[[ja:ソックパペット]]
 
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[[no:Sokkedukke]]
 
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[[simple:Sock puppet]]
 

Revision as of 00:42, 4 December 2007

A hand puppet (also called a glove puppet or glove doll) is a type of puppet that is primarily controlled by a hand that occupies the interior of the puppet. Larger varieties of hand puppets place the puppeteer's hand in just the puppet's head, controlling the mouth and head, and the puppet's body then hangs over most or all of the forearm of the puppeteer, and possibly extends further. Other parts of the puppet may be controlled by different means, e.g., by rods operated by the puppeteer's free hand, or strings or levers pulled from inside the head or body. A smaller variety, simple hand puppets often have no significant manipulable parts at all. Finger puppets are hand puppets made only to fit a finger.

Simple hand puppets

Simple toy dog hand puppet.

The simplest hand puppets are those with few or no moving parts. They can be stiff, made from e.g. a hard plastic, but are more often flexible, made from fabric, possibly with some stuffing and attached decorations for eyes, nose, and so on. The mouth may be a mere decoration that does not open and close, or the thumb may enter a separate pocket from the rest of the fabric and so simulate a mandible, allowing the puppet to talk.

Simple hand puppets are usually not much larger than the hand itself. A sock puppet is a particularly simple type of hand puppet made from a sock. A glove puppet is slightly more complex, with an internal division for fingers allowing independent manipulation of a character's arms.

Simple hand puppets, especially of popular licensed characters, are often distributed as children's toys or party favors.

Larger Hand Puppets

A nearly-completed hand puppet with arm rods. This puppet will be complete once eyes and hair are added.

Larger and more complex hand puppets generally have, at minimum, a complete working hinged mouth, and usually arms as well. Special variants exist with additional manipulable parts: e.g., eyelids that open and close. Most hand puppets depict only the upper half of the character, from the waist up, with the stage covering the missing remainder, but variants also exist that have legs. The legs usually just dangle, but in special cases the legs may be controlled either from behind the stage using strings that dangle over the top of the stage and control the legs from above (like a marionette's, or by another puppeteer using rods from below, hidden by a lower and more forward part of the opera.

Moving more upmarket, things such as old favourites like sooty, where used to help educate children to make learning more fun. Children that way gain more pleasure form seeing the furry creatures acting and talking like humans.

Puppets are used at place like primary school to help educate as said above.

Technique

Basic Positioning

As with any stage performer, the puppet should always face the audience; it may turn somewhat to one side or the other, but generally not more than about 45 degrees away from straight forward. This allows the audience to see the puppet's face.

Since the puppet stage is normally taller or higher than the seated audience (in order to best hide the puppeteers and provide room for them to work), the puppet must be made to lean forward slightly with its head tilted somewhat down, in order to make eye contact with the audience. A puppet that fails to do this appears to be staring over the heads of the audience or, in extreme cases, at the ceiling, a mistake often made by novice puppeteers.

Vertically, the puppet should be kept elevated, with its shoulders well above the stage. Ideally, most of the puppet's torso should be kept visible to the audience at all times. A puppet that is not properly elevated is said to be drowning.

This is to the manner in which the puppet's mouth opens and closes in order to appear to form words or sounds, similar to lip syncing. The puppet's lower jaw (mandible) should open downward, with the upper jaw, which is usually contiguous with the rest of the head, not raising much. This mimics the way the human mouth works. A typical novice mistake is to reverse this and open the puppet's mouth like that of an alligator, flipping the top. With practice, this tendency can be suppressed. When learning the technique, it often helps to move or lean the entire puppet, or at least the head, forward slightly each time the mouth opens; with more experience, this becomes less necessary.

The basic mainstay of diction for most puppeteers is syllabic diction, i.e., opening the puppet's mouth once for each syllable, closing it at the end of the syllable. Another common novice mistake is to reverse this, closing the mouth on each syllable, which makes it look as if the puppet is biting off its words; this effect should be carefully avoided.

When the puppet must speak very rapidly, a variant on syllabic diction may be used where some syllables are omitted. It is important to open the puppet's mouth for the first and last syllables as well as all long or emphasized syllables, but most audiences will not notice if some of the unimportant syllables are omitted, provided it happens fairly quickly. As the puppet's speech (or song lyrics) slows down, it becomes more and more important to include every syllable.

More advanced forms of diction are possible. Ultimately the experienced puppeteer will master phonetic diction, in which the degree to which the puppet's mouth is open at any given point mimics the motion of the human mouth forming the same series of sounds; thus, the mouth will be open wide for a long O vowel, briefly close almost completely when forming a dental stop, and so on and so forth.

Arm Rods

A hand puppet's arms are often controlled by the puppeteer's free hand via rods, which attach to the insides of the puppet's wrists in some orderly fashion.

Body Movements

One of the most important techniques in puppetry is continuous motion. A puppet that remains still has a dull, lifeless appearance and is said to be dead. Motion should shift from one portion of the puppet to another, so that one moment the puppet is moving its head and the next moment shifting its torso or repositioning an arm. The puppet may shift from side to side, look around, lean or straighten, fidget (with part of the stage, its own clothing or hair, or any available object), cross or uncross its arms, sigh, tilt its head, or make any number of other small motions, in order to continue to appear lifelike.


External links

  • PuppetryLab - Advanced puppetry theory and practice tools
  • Finger Puppets - Nonprofit society for the promotion of finger puppetry
  • Hand Puppets - A variety of links and information about building hand puppets.
  • 101 Hand Puppets - A guide for puppeteers of all ages
  • Puppetools - An Online Workshop for Educators Focused on Play Language

it:Teatro dei burattini pl:Pacynka

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