AY Honors/Dairying/Answer Key/es

1

Conocer las 25 partes de una vaca lechera.

2

¿Qué consideraciones se deben hacer en la selección de un ternero?

3

Conocer el cuidado, el manejo y la alimentación de vacas lecheras durante las siguientes etapas:

3a

Terneros

3b

Destetados a 6 meses

3c

6 meses a 15 meses

3d

15 meses hasta que está a punto del alumbramiento

3e

La vaca seca

4

Conocer las técnicas de alimentación adecuada para una vaca en lactancia.

5

Saber cómo se produce la leche en la vaca.

6

Conocer los pasos a ordeñar una vaca, ya sea a mano o a máquina.

Hand Milking

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Milk a cow

Machine Milking

The milking machine extracts milk from all teats

Milking machines are used to extract milk from cows when the herd is larger than about 4 cows. The milking unit is the portion of a milking machine for removing milk from an udder. It is made up of a claw, four teatcups, long milk tube, long pulsator tube, and pulsator. The claw is a manifold which connects the short pulse tubes and short milk tubes from the teatcups to the long pulse tubes and long milk tubes. Claws are commonly made of stainless steel or plastic. Teatcups are composed of a rigid outer shell (stainless steel or plastic), which holds a soft inner liner or inflation. Transparent sections in the shell may allow viewing of liner collapse and milk flow. The annular space between the shell and liner is called the pulsation chamber.

7

Conocer ocho partes de una máquina para ordeñar.

The descriptions of these parts can be found in requirement 6 above.

1. Claw
2. Teatcups
3. Short milk tubes
4. Long milk tube
5. Short pulse tubes
6. Long pulsator tube
7. Pulsator
8. Collection bucket

8

¿Qué es la mastitis? ¿Qué medidas pueden adoptarse para prevenir la mastitis?

Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, or Mycoplasma. It can have many causes, including by poor milking practices, poorly fitting teatcups, faulty milking equipment, and freezing. It can be spread to other cows when bedding is shared between an afflicted cow and a healthy cow. It can be prevented by vaccination.

9

Conocer cinco problemas de salud del rebaño, sus síntomas y cómo prevenir y/o tratarlos.

Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands. It has been covered in the previous requirement.

10

Conocer el significado de los siguientes términos:

10a

Concentrados

10b

Proteína cruda

10c

Selección/remover

10d

Período seco

10e

Lactantes

10f

Ciclo de lactancia o período

10g

La oxitocina

11

Explicar la pasteurización de la leche y el cuidado adecuado de los utensilios lácteos y los aparatos.

12

Ayudar con el cuidado y el ordeñado de una manada lechera durante al menos tres meses.

This is going to be the hardest part of the honor to arrange if you do not live on a dairy farm.

References

1. This article details how cows digest grass to make milk. http://www.dairy.edu.au/discoverdairy/Students/From-Farm-to-Plate/How-Cows-Make-Milk.aspx
2. Wikipedia on Cow Feeding http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle_feeding
3. Feeding by age/stage of life. http://www.ilri.org/InfoServ/Webpub/fulldocs/SmHDairy/chap7.html
4. http://babcock.wisc.edu/node/150
5. detailed explanation of crude protein. http://research.vet.upenn.edu/dairynutrition/ProteininDairyCows/tabid/3715/Default.aspx