Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Track & Field/Answer Key"

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1. Know the basic rules, safety considerations, and warm-up exercises for the six track and field events listed below.

50 yard dash

600 yard run

Hurdles

Running broad jump

High jump

Relay race

2. Run the 50-yard (45.7 meters) dash in the time (seconds) for your sex and age as follows:

Boys	8.2	8.0	7.8	7.5	7.1	6.9	6.7
Age	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Girls	8.5	8.4	8.2	8.1	8.0	8.1	8.3

3. In sprinting, which part of the foot should touch first during the stride? What are the proper arm and head positions?

4. Run the 600-yard (548.6 meters) run-walk in the time (minutes/seconds) for your sex and age as follows:

Boys	2'33"	2'27"	2'21"	2'10"	2'01"	1'54"	1'51"
Age	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
Girls	2'48"	2'49"	2'49"	2'52"	2'46"	2'46"	2'49"

5. Answer the following questions about distance running:

a. Find two Bible stories that mention distance runners?

²⁴While David was sitting between the inner and outer gates, the watchman went up to the roof of the gateway by the wall. As he looked out, he saw a man running alone. ²⁵ The watchman called out to the king and reported it.
The king said, "If he is alone, he must have good news." And the man came closer and closer.

²⁶ Then the watchman saw another man running, and he called down to the gatekeeper, "Look, another man running alone!"

The king said, "He must be bringing good news, too."

²⁷The watchman said, "It seems to me that the first one runs like Ahimaaz son of Zadok."

"He's a good man," the king said. "He comes with good news."
— 2 Samuel 18:24-27 (NIV)

²⁴Do you not know that in a race all the runners run, but only one gets the prize? Run in such a way as to get the prize. ²⁵Everyone who competes in the games goes into strict training. They do it to get a crown that will not last; but we do it to get a crown that will last forever. ²⁶Therefore I do not run like a man running aimlessly; I do not fight like a man beating the air. ²⁷No, I beat my body and make it my slave so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize.
— 1 Corinthians 9:24-27 (NIV)

b What are the proper clothes, including shoes, for distance running in your area?

c. How long is the average track?

Running tracks are typically ovals with a perimeter of 400 meters.

d. How far is a marathon race?

A marathon race is 42.195km long.

e. Which part of the foot should touch first during the stride?

The ball of the foot should touch first.

f. What are the proper arm and head positions while distance running?

g. What is the proper way to breathe?

h. How does cross-country running differ from running on a track?

Cross country running often involves hills, while tracks do not. Cross country runners often must contend with traffic, but they are rewarded with changing scenery.

6. Run one of the following events at least twice and record the best time:

a. 50-yard (45.7 meters) dash with four hurdles.

b. 70-yard (64.0 meters) dash with six hurdles.

7. Do the high jump with good form at least five times and record the highest jump.

8. Do a running broad jump three times and record the best length.

9. Run the following relays:

a. Visual pass relay

b. Blind pass relay

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Expert-subject-multiple|Running|Athletics|date=February 2009}}
+{{honor_header|1|1978|Recreation|General Conference}}
-[[Image:200metres Helsinki2005.jpg|thumb|right|200 metres sprint]]
+{{AY Master|Sportsman}}
-'''Sprints''' are short running races in [[athletics (track and field)|athletics]].
+[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Skill Level 2]]
-==Rules==
-===The start===
-Starting blocks are used for all competition sprint (up to and including 400 m) and relay events (first leg only, up to 4x400 m).<ref name=IAAF>[http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/imported/42192.pdf Competition Rules 2008], IAAF </ref> The starting blocks consist of two adjustable footplates attached to a rigid frame. Races commence with the firing of the starter's gun.<ref name=IAAF /> The starting commands are "On your marks" and "Set".<ref name=IAAF /> Once all athletes are in the set position, the starter's gun is fired, officially starting the race. For the 100 m, all competitors are lined up side-by-side. For the 200 m, 300 m and 400 m, which involve curves, runners are staggered for the start.
-In the rare event that there are technical issues with a start, a green card is shown to all the athletes. The green card carries no penalty. If an athlete is unhappy with track conditions after the "on your marks" command is given, he must raise his hand before the "set" command and provide the Start referee with a reason for raising their hand. It is then up to the Start referee to decide if the reason is valid. In the event that the Start referee deems the reason invalid, a yellow card (warning) is issued to that particular athlete. In the event that the athlete is already on a warning the athlete is disqualified.
+==1. Know the basic rules, safety considerations, and warm-up exercises for the six track and field events listed below.==
+===50 yard dash===
+===600 yard run===
+===Hurdles ===
+===Running broad jump===
+===High jump===
+===Relay race===
-===False starts===
+==2. 	 Run the 50-yard (45.7 meters) dash in the time (seconds) for your sex and age as follows: ==
-"An athlete, after assuming a full and final set position, shall not commence his(/her) starting motion until after receiving the report of the gun, or approved starting apparatus. If, in the judgement of the Starter or Recallers, he does so any earlier, it shall be deemed a false start."<ref name=IAAF>[http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/imported/42192.pdf Competition Rules 2008], IAAF </ref>
+{| border="1" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4"
+|                           '''Age''' ||  10 ||  11 ||  12 ||  13 ||  14 ||  15 ||  16
+|-
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|'''Boys'''
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|8.2
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|8.0
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|7.8
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|7.5
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|7.1
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|6.9
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|6.7
+|-
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|'''Girls'''
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.5
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.4
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.2
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.1
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.0
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.1
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|8.3
+|}
+==3. In sprinting, which part of the foot should touch first during the stride? What are the proper arm and head positions? ==
+==4. Run the 600-yard (548.6 meters) run-walk in the time (minutes/seconds) for your sex and age as follows: ==
+{| border="1" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4"
+|                           '''Age''' ||  10 ||  11 ||  12 ||  13 ||  14 ||  15 ||  16
+|-
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|'''Boys'''
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'33"
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'27"
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'21"
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'10"
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|2'01"
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|1'54"
+!style="background:#C0C0FF"|1'51"
+|-
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|'''Girls'''
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'48"
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'49"
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'49"
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'52"
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'46"
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'46"
+!style="background:#FFC0C0"|2'49"
+|}
-[[100 m]] Olympic Gold and Silver medallist, [[Linford Christie]] of [[Great Britain]] famously had frequent false starts that were marginally below the legal reaction time of 0.1 seconds. Christie and his coach, Ron Roddan, both claimed that the false starts were due to Christie's exceptional reaction times being under the legal time. His frequent false starting eventually led to his disqualification from the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] [[100 m]] final in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], [[USA]] due to a second false start by Christie.
+==5. Answer the following questions about distance running: ==
+===a. Find two Bible stories that mention distance runners? ===
+{{Bible verse
+|book =2 Samuel
+|chapter=18
+|verse=24-27
+|version=NIV
+|text=
+<sup>24</sup>While David was sitting between the inner and outer gates, the watchman went up to the roof of the gateway by the wall. As he looked out, he saw a man running alone. <sup>25</sup> The watchman called out to the king and reported it.
+:The king said, "If he is alone, he must have good news." And the man came closer and closer.
-===Lanes===
+<sup>26</sup> Then the watchman saw another man running, and he called down to the gatekeeper, "Look, another man running alone!"
+:The king said, "He must be bringing good news, too."
-For all Olympic sprint events, runners must remain within their pre-assigned lanes, which measure 1.22 metres (4 feet) wide, from start to finish.<ref>''2009 USATF Competition Rules'', Rule 160(1)</ref> The lanes can be numbered 1 through normally 8 or 9 rarely 10, starting with the inside lane. Any athlete who runs outside the assigned lane to gain an advantage is subject to disqualification. If the athlete is forced to run outside of his or her lane by another person, and no material advantage is gained, there will be no disqualification. Also, a runner who strays from his or her lane in the straightaway, or crosses the outer line of his or her lane on the bend, and gains no advantage by it, will not be disqualified as long as no other runner is obstructed.
+<sup>27</sup>The watchman said, "It seems to me that the first one runs like Ahimaaz son of Zadok."
+:"He's a good man," the king said. "He comes with good news."
+}}
-===The finish===
+{{Bible verse
+|book = 1 Corinthians
+|chapter=9
+|verse = 24-27
+|version=NIV
+|text=
+<sup>24</sup>Do you not know that in a race all the runners run, but only one gets the prize? Run in such a way as to get the prize.
-The first athlete whose torso reaches the vertical plane of the closest edge of the finish line is the winner. To ensure that the sprinter's torso triggers the timing impulse at the finish line rather than an arm, foot, or other body part, a double Photocell is commonly used. Times are only recorded by an electronic timing system when both of these Photocells are simultaneously blocked.
+<sup>25</sup>Everyone who competes in the games goes into strict training. They do it to get a crown that will not last; but we do it to get a crown that will last forever. <sup>26</sup>Therefore I do not run like a man running aimlessly; I do not fight like a man beating the air. <sup>27</sup>No, I beat my body and make it my slave so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize.
-[[Photo finish]] systems are also used at some track and field events.
+}}
-==Common distances==
+===b	 What are the proper clothes, including shoes, for distance running in your area? ===
-===60 m===
+===c. How long is the average track? ===
+Running tracks are typically ovals with a perimeter of 400 meters.
+===d. How far is a marathon race? ===
+A marathon race is {{units|42.195km|26 miles, 385 yards}} long.
-*The [[60 metres|60-metres]] is normally run indoors, on a straight section of an indoor athletic track. Since races at this distance can last around six or seven seconds, having good [[Reaction time|reflexes]] and thus getting off to a quick start is more vital in this race than any other.
+===e. Which part of the foot should touch first during the stride? ===
-*This is roughly the distance required for a human to reach maximum speed and can be run with one [[breath]]. It is popular for training and testing in other sports (e.g., speed testing for [[American football]], although [[40 yard dash|40 yards]] is more common there).
+The ball of the foot should touch first.
-* The World record in this event is held by American sprinter [[Maurice Greene (athlete)|Maurice Greene]] with a time of 6.39 seconds.
+===f. What are the proper arm and head positions while distance running? ===
-* 60-metres is used as an outdoor distance by younger athletes when starting sprint racing.
+===g. What is the proper way to breathe? ===
+===h. How does cross-country running differ from running on a track? ===
+Cross country running often involves hills, while tracks do not.  Cross country runners often must contend with traffic, but they are rewarded with changing scenery.
-===100 m===
+==6. Run one of the following events at least twice and record the best time: ==
-*The '''[[100 metres]]''' sprint takes place on one length of the home straight of a standard outdoor 400 m track. Often, the world-record holder in this race is considered "the world's fastest man/woman."  The current world Record of 9.58 seconds is held by [[Usain Bolt]] of [[Jamaica]] and was set on 16 August 2009, at the [[2009 World Athletics Championships]]. The women's world record is 10.49 seconds and was set by [[Florence Griffith-Joyner]].
+===a. 50-yard (45.7 meters) dash with four hurdles. ===
-*The 4x100 m relay is another prestigious event, with an average speed that is quicker than the 100&nbsp;m, as the runners can start moving before they receive the baton. The World record in this event is 37.10 seconds, held by the [[Jamaica]]n team as set 22 August 2008 at the Beijing Olympics.
+===b. 70-yard (64.0 meters) dash with six hurdles. ===
+==7. Do the high jump with good form at least five times and record the highest jump. ==
+==8. Do a running broad jump three times and record the best length. ==
+==9. Run the following relays: ==
+===a. Visual pass relay ===
+===b. Blind pass relay ===
-===200 m===
+[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
-*The '''[[200 metres]]''' begins on the curve of a standard track (where the runners are staggered in their starting position, to ensure that they all run the same distance), and ends on the home straight. The ability to "run a good bend" is key at the distance, as a well conditioned runner will be able to run 200 m in an average speed higher than their 100 m speed.
-*Indoors, the race is run as one lap of the track, with only slightly slower times than outdoors.
-*A slightly shorter race (but run on a straight track), the [[Stadion (ancient sports)|stadion]], was the first recorded event at the [[Ancient Olympics]] and the oldest known formal sports event in history.
-*The world record in this event is 19.19 seconds, held by [[Usain Bolt]] and was set on 20 August 2009, at the [[2009 World Athletics Championships]].
-===400 m===
-*The '''[[400 metres]]''' is one lap around the track on the inside lane. Runners are staggered in their starting positions to ensure that everyone runs the same distance. While this event is a sprint (according to some), there is more scope to use tactics in the race; the fact that 400 m times are considerably more than four times a typical 100 m time demonstrates this.
-*The world record is currently held by [[Michael Johnson (athlete)|Michael Johnson]] with a time of 43.18 seconds.
-*The 4x400 m relay is often held at track and field meetings, and is by tradition the final event at major championships.
-* Common tactics include exploding out of the blocks and continuing to run hard through the curve, relaxing in the middle 200 metres and kicking hard on the homestretch.
-==Uncommon distances==
-===150 m===
-*This informal distance can be used to work on a 100 m runner's stamina, or a 200 m runner's speed, and has been used as an exhibition distance. The distance was used in a race between 1996 Olympic champions, the 100 m gold medalist [[Donovan Bailey]] (Canada) and 200 m gold medalist [[Michael Johnson (athlete)|Michael Johnson]] (USA). It was to decide who of the two, was really the 'fastest man on earth' (see [[Bailey-Johnson 150-metre race]]).
-*The informal distance was used for an exhibition race during the Manchester Great CityGames in as part of the 2009 [[Great Manchester Run]] ([[UK]]). Stars included Triple Olympic Champion [[Usain Bolt]] (Jamaica) alongside [[Ivory Williams]] (USA), [[Simeon Williamson]] ([[UK]]) and other international track stars. The female race included 400&nbsp;m Olympic Champion, Christine Ohuruogu of [[Great Britain]] alongside [[Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie]] ([[Bahamas]]). Bolt ran the distance in a record time of 14.35&nbsp;seconds.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/LRR09/news/newsid=50606.html Bolt runs 14.35 sec for 150m; covers 50m-150m in 8.70 sec!]. [[IAAF]] (2009-05-17). Retrieved on 2009-05-17.</ref>
-===178 m===
-*This is the length of the straight at the Ancient Olympic Stadium. It was original short sprint length at the Ancient Olympia distance of 1 stadion.
-===300 m===
-*Another informal distance, which could be used to aid a 200 m runner's stamina, or a 400 m runner's speed.
-===500 m===
-*More common than 300 m and 150 m, because this is half a kilometre. This could aid 400 m runners in their stamina, or help a middle-distance runner to gain speed. The borderline distance between sprints and middle distance. This is usually run indoor by high school athletes and collegiate athletes.
-===600 m===
-*This race is a CIS (Canadian Universities) indoor-only event and run at all Canadian indoor track and field races because it is a recognized event at the Canadian University Championships. It is also run at some United States high school indoor competitions. It is often run by 400 m runners looking to build endurance, or 800 m runners looking to build speed. It is a demanding race, with many athletes running at a pace just below their 400 m pace. The 600 m is sometimes considered a middle distance event.
-==Biological factors for runners==
-Some biological factors that determine a sprinter's potential are:
-*[[Muscle|Muscular]] strength
-*[[Adrenaline]] use
-*[[Anaerobic respiration]] capacity
-*[[Breathing]]
-*Proportion of [[Muscle#Types|fast twitch muscles]]<ref>Quinn, Elizabeth (2007-10-30). [http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/anatomyandphysiology/a/MuscleFiberType.htm Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers] About.com. Retrieved on 2009-02-01.</ref>
-*Leg Length
-*Pelvic width
-==Other sports==
-*The most common distance for [[Sport rowing|rowing]] races is 2 [[kilometres]]. Races may be held at less than 1&nbsp;km, which are known as dashes.
-*[[Horse Racing]] has sprint distance events.
-*[[Track cycling]] features a [[sprint (cycling)|sprint]] event, in which usually two riders compete over a distance of 1000 metres, though only the final 200 m may be timed. However, the time is normally immaterial - the aim is to be first across the line and win two races in a 'best of three races' match.
-*The term sprinting can be applied in any racing sport, such as [[swimming (sport)|swimming]].
-*A 90 m beach sprint is held in surf lifesaving carnivals in Australia.
-*[[Sprint car racing]] is a type of auto racing held in short ovals. In motorcycle racing and other auto racing disciplines, the term sprint race is used to describe a short race, for example one that lasts under 30 minutes.
-*In [[Speed skating]], the 100 metres, 500 metres and 1000 metres are considered sprint distances.
-==See also==
-* [[Men's 100 metres world record progression]]
-* [[Women's 100 metres world record progression]]
-* [[National champions 100 metres (men)]]
-* [[100 yard dash]]
-* [[Athletics (track and field)]]
-* [[Long-distance track event|Athletics long distances]]
-* [[Middle distance track event|Athletics middle distances]]
-* [[Footspeed]]
-* [[List of sprinters]]
-* [[Relay race]]
-* [[Motorsport]]
-== References ==
-{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-*[http://www.sprintic.com/extras/greatest_sprint_races/ Top 10 greatest sprint races in history]
-{{Athletics events}}
-[[Category:Events in athletics (track and field)]]
-[[Category:Short distance running]]
-[[Category:Running]]
-[[bg:Спринт]]
-[[ca:Carrera de velocitat]]
-[[cs:Sprint]]
-[[da:Sprint]]
-[[de:Sprint]]
-[[es:Carreras de velocidad]]
-[[eo:Kurtadistanca kuro]]
-[[fr:Sprint (athlétisme)]]
-[[it:Velocità (atletica)]]
-[[ja:短距離走]]
-[[ka:სპრინტი]]
-[[lt:Sprintas]]
-[[nl:Sprint (atletiek)]]
-[[no:Sprintløp]]
-[[pt:Corrida]]
-[[ru:Спринт (лёгкая атлетика)]]
-[[sq:Sprint]]
-[[simple:Sprint]]
-[[sl:Šprint]]
-[[sv:Kortdistanslöpning]]
-[[ta:விரைவோட்டம்]]
-[[tr:Sprint]]
-[[zh:短跑]]