AY Honors/Waterfalls/Answer Key

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Hopetoun Falls near Otway National Park, Victoria, Australia

A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water, often in the form of a stream, flowing over an erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a sudden break in elevation. Waterfalls may also be artificial, and they are sometimes created as garden and landscape ornament.

Some waterfalls form in mountain environments where erosion is rapid and stream courses may be subject to sudden and catastrophic change. In such cases, the waterfall may not be the end product of many years of water action over a region, but rather the result of relatively sudden geological processes such as thrust faults or volcanic action.

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Types of waterfalls

Cascade-style waterfall in Oregon, United States.
Block
Waterends a series of rock steps.
Cataract
A large waterfall. See Cataracts of the Nile for a well-known sequence of six.
Fan
Water spreads horizontally as it descends while remaining in contact with bedrock.
Horsetail
Descending water maintains some contact with bedrock.
Plunge
Water descends vertically, losing contact with the bedrock surface.
Punchbowl
Water descends in a constricted form, then spreads out in a wider pool.
Segmented
Distinctly separate flows of water form as it descends.
Tiered
Water drops in a series of distinct steps or falls.
Multi step
A series of waterfalls one after another of roughly the same size each with its own sunken plunge pool.

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External links

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