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| − | {{Otheruses4|newspaper headlines|the U.S. TV series|Big Town}} | + | {{Original research|article|January 2007|date=September 2007}} |
| − | {{Selfref|For the Wikipedia guideline, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)]].}} | + | {{selfref|For Wikipedia guidelines on lead paragraphs, see [[Wikipedia:Lead section]].}} |
| − | {{wiktionary|headline}}
| + | A '''lead paragraph''' in [[Literature]] refers to the opening [[paragraph]] of an [[Article (publishing)|article]], [[essay]], news [[story]] or book [[chapter]]. Often called just "the lead", it usually opens together with the [[headline]] or [[title]], almost always gives the reader the main idea of the story preceding the main [[body]] of the article and the final conclusion. The "lead" immediately grabs the attention of the reader and must be at least three [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentences]] long. It also needs to directly relate to the body of the article. The word is frequently spelled '''lede''' in the journalism industry. [http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=20001128] |
| − | A '''headline''' (sometimes termed a news ''hed'') is text at the top of a [[newspaper]] article, indicating the nature of the article below it. | + | Types of leads that are most effective are usually written in Greek. |
| | + | ==Types of leads== |
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| + | Journalistic [[Lede (news)|ledes]] emphasise grabbing the attention of the reader.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=YFMagLZx2vIC&pg=PA125&dq=lede+newspaper&lr=lang_en&as_brr=3&ei=swajR-7mHI3azATIk7DzCA&sig=01ouafTz7WfhQLt1up7epCRZ1JU]</ref> |
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| − | [<math>http://www.example.com link title</math><math><nowiki>Insert formula here</nowiki><s>{| class="wikitable" border="1"
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| − | |}<ref>Insert footnote text here</ref></s></math>]
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| − | |}== Format ==
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| − | Headlines are usually written in [[bold]] and in a much larger size than the article text. Headlines in the paper are more commonly in [[sentence case]] though [[title case]] is often used in the USA.
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| − | Headline conventions include normally using present tense, [[zero copula|omitting forms of the verb "to be"]] in certain contexts, and removing short articles like "a" and "the". Most newspapers feature a very large headline on their front page, dramatically describing the biggest news of the day. A headline may also be followed by a smaller secondary headline which gives a bit more information or a subhead (also called a deck or nutgraf in some areas). Words chosen for headlines are often short, giving rise to [[headlinese]].
| + | Leads in essays summarize the outline of the argument and conclusion that follows in the main body of the essay. |
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| − | According to Russ Willison Headlines are the "barb on the hook."
| + | Encyclopedia leads tend to do define the subject matter as well as emphasising the interesting points of the article. |
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| − | == Production of headlines within the editorial environment ==
| + | General articles in magazines tend to be somewhere in between journalism and encyclopedias and often lack a distinct lead entirely. |
| − | Headlines are generally written by [[copy editor]]s, but may also be written by the writer, the page layout designer or a news editor or managing editor.
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| − | The film ''[[The Shipping News (film)|The Shipping News]]'' has an illustrative exchange between the protagonist, who is learning how to write for a local newspaper, and his [[publisher]]:
| + | Leads or introductions in books vary enormously in length and content. |
| − | <br>Publisher: It's finding the center of your story, the beating heart of it, that's what makes a reporter. You have to start by making up some headlines. You know: short, punchy, dramatic headlines. Now, have a look, [''pointing at dark clouds gathering in the sky over the ocean''] what do you see? Tell me the headline.
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| − | <br>Protagonist: HORIZON FILLS WITH DARK CLOUDS?
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| − | <br>Publisher: IMMINENT STORM THREATENS VILLAGE.
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| − | <br>Protagonist: But what if no storm comes?
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| − | <br>Publisher: VILLAGE SPARED FROM DEADLY STORM.
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| − | In the United States, headline contests are sponsored by the [[American Copy Editors Society]], the [[National Federation of Press Women]], and many state press associations. | + | ==Rules== |
| | + | The key to understanding the lead usually lies in the reader’s ability to identify and understand the subject and the main verb. In general, there are three sentence types found in the lead. |
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| − | == Unusual headlines ==
| + | # The subject and the [[main verb]] are found together at or near the beginning of the sentence. This is by far, the most common sentence type. |
| − | Occasionally, the need to keep headlines brief leads to unintentional double meanings, if not [[double entendre]]s. For example, if the story is about the president of Iraq trying to acquire weapons, the headline might be IRAQI HEAD SEEKS ARMS. Or if some agricultural legislation is defeated in the United States House of Representatives, the title could read FARMER BILL DIES IN HOUSE.
| + | # The subject is separated from the main verb by information about the subject, often in the subject, often in the form of a [[relative clause]] – the clause that starts with who, which, when, where and whose. |
| | + | # The sentence begins with an introductory phrase. In such cases, students must learn to read until they find a comma, after which they will find the main verb. |
| | | | |
| − | * WALL ST. LAYS AN EGG - ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' on [[Black Monday]] (1929)
| + | ==References== |
| − | * [[Sticks nix hick pix|STICKS NIX HICK PIX]] - ''Variety'' writing that rural moviegoers preferred urbane films (1935)
| + | <references/> |
| − | * [[Dewey Defeats Truman|DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN]] - The ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' reporting the wrong election winner (1948)
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| − | * FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD - ''[[New York Daily News]]'' reporting the denial of a federal bailout (1975)
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| − | * [[Sic transit gloria mundi|SICK TRANSIT'S GLORIOUS MONDAY]] - ''New York Daily News'' reporting a state transit bailout (1980)<ref>[http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/history-nycta1980s.html The New York City Transit Authority in the 1980s]</ref>
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| − | * GOTCHA! - The UK ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on the sinking of the ''[[ARA General Belgrano|Belgrano]]'' during the [[Falklands War]] (1981)
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| − | * HEADLESS BODY IN TOPLESS BAR - ''[[New York Post]]'' on a local murder (1983)
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| − | * HICKS NIX KNICKS IN SIX - ''New York Daily News'' on an [[NBA Conference Finals]] win by [[Indiana Pacers]] (2000)
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| − | * GREAT SATAN SITS DOWN WITH THE AXIS OF EVIL - The UK ''[[The Times]]'' on US-Iran talks (2007)<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1851791.ece Great Satan sits down with the Axis of Evil]</ref>
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| − | * [[Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious|SUPER CALEY GO BALLISTIC CELTIC ARE ATROCIOUS]] - ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on Inverness Caledonian Thistle beating Celtic in the Scottish Cup <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_div_1/2875957.stm Super Caley dream realistic?]</ref>
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| − | * FREDDIE STARR ATE MY HAMSTER - ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on Lea La Salle's claim that [[Freddie Starr|the comedian]] had eaten her pet in a sandwich. [[Max Clifford]] later admitted that the story was a fabrication.
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| − | * ICE CREAM MAN HAS ASSETS FROZEN - [[BBC News]]: An ice cream salesman has his [[assets]] frozen for suspectedly [[smuggling]] [[tobacco]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4121006.stm BBC News | UK | Northern Ireland | Ice cream man has assets frozen<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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| − | == See also == | + | ==See also== |
| − | * ''[[Headlines (The Tonight Show)|Headlines]]'' (from ''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]]'') | + | *[[Introduction (essay)]] |
| − | * [[Headlinese]] | + | *[[Abstract (summary)]] |
| − | * [[A-1 Headline]], a 2004 Hong Kong film | + | *[[Article (publishing)|Article]] |
| | + | *[[Essay]] |
| | + | {{wiktionary|lede}} |
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| − | == Further reading ==
| + | [[Category:Copy editing|*]] |
| − | * [[Harold Evans]] ''News Headlines'' (Editing and Design : Book Three) Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd (February 1974) ISBN-10: 0434905526 ISBN-13: 978-0434905522
| + | [[Category:Literature|Literature]] |
| − | * [[Fritz Spiegl]] ''What The Papers Didn't Mean to Say'' Scouse Press, Liverpool, 1965
| + | [[Category:Writing|Writing]] |
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| − | == References ==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | == External links ==
| + | {{lit-stub}} |
| − | * [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/frontpage/homepage.html Front Page - The British Library] Exhibition of famous newspaper headlines (2006)
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| − | * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4342940,00.html Heads you win: The readers' editor on the art of the headline writer]
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| − | [[Category:Headlines| ]]
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| − | [[de:Schlagzeile]] | + | [[cs:Perex]] |
| − | [[nl:Krantenkop]] | + | [[no:Ingress]] |
| − | [[ja:見出し]] | + | [[sk:Per extensum (tlač)]] |
| − | [[pt:Manchete]]
| + | [[sv:Ingress]] |
| − | [[simple:Headline]]
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| − | [[sv:Tidningsrubrik]] | |
| − | [[zh:頭條新聞]]
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Template:Original research
Template:Selfref
A lead paragraph in Literature refers to the opening paragraph of an article, essay, news story or book chapter. Often called just "the lead", it usually opens together with the headline or title, almost always gives the reader the main idea of the story preceding the main body of the article and the final conclusion. The "lead" immediately grabs the attention of the reader and must be at least three sentences long. It also needs to directly relate to the body of the article. The word is frequently spelled lede in the journalism industry. [2]
Types of leads that are most effective are usually written in Greek.
Types of leads
Journalistic ledes emphasise grabbing the attention of the reader.&
Leads in essays summarize the outline of the argument and conclusion that follows in the main body of the essay.
Encyclopedia leads tend to do define the subject matter as well as emphasising the interesting points of the article.
General articles in magazines tend to be somewhere in between journalism and encyclopedias and often lack a distinct lead entirely.
Leads or introductions in books vary enormously in length and content.
Rules
The key to understanding the lead usually lies in the reader’s ability to identify and understand the subject and the main verb. In general, there are three sentence types found in the lead.
- The subject and the main verb are found together at or near the beginning of the sentence. This is by far, the most common sentence type.
- The subject is separated from the main verb by information about the subject, often in the subject, often in the form of a relative clause – the clause that starts with who, which, when, where and whose.
- The sentence begins with an introductory phrase. In such cases, students must learn to read until they find a comma, after which they will find the main verb.
References
See also
Template:Wiktionary
Template:Lit-stub
cs:Perex
no:Ingress
sk:Per extensum (tlač)
sv:Ingress
