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| | <!-- 2. ¿Cuáles son los dos grupos principales de orquídeas? Nombrar y mostrar ejemplos de cada una de plantas vivas o en imágenes. --> | | <!-- 2. ¿Cuáles son los dos grupos principales de orquídeas? Nombrar y mostrar ejemplos de cada una de plantas vivas o en imágenes. --> |
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | * [[w:Apostasioideae|Apostasioideae]]: 2 group(s) in this sub-family and 16 species, south-western Asia
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| − | * [[w:Cypripedioideae|Cypripedioideae]]: 5 group(s) in this sub-family and 130 species, mostly from the temperate regions of the world, some in tropical America
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| − | * [[w:Vanilloideae|Vanilloideae]]: 15 group(s) in this sub-family and 180 species, humid tropical and subtropical regions, eastern North America
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| − | * [[w:Epidendroideae|Epidendroideae]]: more than 500 group(s) in this sub-family and more or less 20 000 species, cosmopolitan
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| − | * [[w:Orchidoideae|Orchidoideae]]: 208 group(s) in this sub-family and 3,630 species, cosmopolitan
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| − | The last two, [[w:Epidendroideae|Epidendroideae]] and [[w:Orchidoideae|Orchidoideae]] are the largest subfamilies (main groupings).
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | <gallery>
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| − | Image:Neuwiedia griffithii.jpg|Neuwiedia griffithii (in the subfamily Apostasioideae)
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| − | Image:Pinkslipper.jpg|Pink Lady's Slipper (in the subfamily Cypripedioidea)
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| − | Image:Vanilla fragrans 2.jpg|Vanilla fragrans (in the subfamily Vanilloideae)
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| − | Image:VandaMissJoaquim.jpg|Vanda Miss Joaquim (in the subfamily Epidendroideae)
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| − | Image:Orchis conica Mallorca 02.jpg|Neotinea tridentata (in the subfamily Orchidoideae)
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | </div>
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| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
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| − | ===Saprophytic===
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| − | A [[w:Saprophytic|saprotroph]] (or saprobe) is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds. They cannot make food for themselves.
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| | <!-- 4. Discutir la distribución de orquídeas, haciendo particular referencia a la ocurrencia de estas en su área. --> | | <!-- 4. Discutir la distribución de orquídeas, haciendo particular referencia a la ocurrencia de estas en su área. --> |
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| − | The following list gives a rough overview of their distribution:
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| − | * tropical America: 300 to 350 genera
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| − | * tropical Asia: 250 to 300 genera
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| − | * tropical Africa: 125 to 150 genera
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| − | * Oceania: 50 to 70 genera
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| − | * Europe and temperate Asia: 40 to 60 genera
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| − | * North America: 20 to 30 genera
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| − | </div>
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| | <noinclude></noinclude> | | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 5. Mencionar los géneros principales de orquídeas cultivadas. Identificar tres plantas o imágenes. ¿Qué es cultivar? --> |
| − | <!-- 5. Name the main cultivated genera of orchids. Identify three from plants or picture. What is cultivar? --> | |
| − | Most cultivated orchids are tropical or subtropical, but quite a few which grow in colder climates can be found on the market.
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| − | </div>
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| − | Temperate species available at nurseries include:
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| − | * [[W:Ophrys apifera|Ophrys apifera]] (bee orchid),
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| − | * [[w:Gymnadenia conopsea|Gymnadenia conopsea]] (fragrant orchid),
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| − | * [[w:Anacamptis pyramidalis|Anacamptis pyramidalis]] (pyramidal orchid) and
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| − | * [[W:Dactylorhiza fuchsii|Dactylorhiza fuchsii]] (common spotted orchid).
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| − | </div>
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| − | The main cultivated genera of orchids is [[W:Epidendroideae|Epidendroideae]].
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| − | </div>
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| − | <gallery>
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| − | Image:Anguloa sp.jpg|Tulip Orchid
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| − | Image:Labiata.jpg|Crimson Cattleya
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| − | Image:Cymbidium dayanum Orchi 04.jpg|Boat orchids
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| − | Image:Laelia-anceps.jpg|Laelia anceps
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| − | Image:Dendrobium-lindleyi.jpg|Dendrobium lindleyi
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| − | Image:Phalaenopsis-de.jpg|Moon orchid
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| − | Image:Paph bellatulum.jpg|Paphiopedilum bellatulum
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| − | Image:Oncidium floridanum.jpg|Florida orchid
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| − | Image:Wanda blau.JPG|Blue orchid
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| − | Image:Tziscao-TenamPuente 016.jpg|Epidendrum radicans
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| − | Image:Brassia arcuigera.jpg|Brassia arcuigera
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| − | Image:Bulbophyllum_echinolabium.jpg|Bulbophyllum echinolabium
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| − | Image:Catasetum-saccatum.jpg|Catasetum saccatum
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| − | Image:Laelia tenebrosa.jpg|Sophronitis tenebrosa
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| − | Image:Miltonia Aquarius Dscn4019xw.jpg|Miltonia Aquarius
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| − | Image:Phaius rosellus (1847).jpg|Phaius rosellus
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | </div>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 6. Discutir los aspectos principales esenciales a observar al cultivar orquídeas. Cultivar por lo menos una orquídea durante al menos seis meses. --> |
| − | <!-- 6. Discuss the main essentials to observe in the cultivation of orchids. Grow at least one orchid for at least six months. --> | |
| − | {{covid|tip=This is only possible in some locales unless the orchid is already being grown in the homes prior to stay-at-home orders. However some grocery stores do offer live orchids for sale, so it might be possible to get one while grocery shopping (do not make a special trip just for an orchid).}}
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| − | * Light - is important in all living things.
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| − | * Temperature - mature plants need a 15-20 degree F temperature difference between day and night.
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| − | * Water - seedlings need more moisture, mature plants must dry out between watering.
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| − | * Humidity -
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| − | * Fertilizer - remember that these are usually parasitic plants.
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| − | * Potting - plant in material that allows good aeration and drainage.
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| − | </div>
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| − | The Wikipedia article [[w:Hippeastrum|Hippeastrum]] has detailed instructions for growing this orchid throughout the year. Another common houseplant orchid is the [[w:Cymbidium|Cymbidium]].
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| − | </div>
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| − | Another option is to grow your orchids using hydroponics, which satisfies a requirement of the Voyager curriculum. Again Wikipedia has an article called "[[w:Hydroponics for orchid cultivation|Hydroponics for orchid cultivation]]" which is filled with important details.
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| − | </div>
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| − | Have a fun time growing your orchid(s).
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| − | </div>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 7. ¿Cuáles son los usos principales de orquídeas? ¿Qué orquídeas se utilizan comercialmente? --> |
| − | <!-- 7. What are the main uses of orchids? What orchid is used commercially? --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | === Main Uses of Orchids ===
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| − | * The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids (mainly Orchis mascula) are ground to a powder and used for cooking, such as in the hot beverage salep or the so-called "fox-testicle ice cream" salepi dondurma.
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| − | * The scent of orchids is frequently analysed by perfumists (using Gas-liquid chromatography) to identify potential fragrance chemicals.
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| − | * The other important use of orchids is their cultivation for the enjoyment of the flowers.
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| − | </div>
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| − | === What orchid is used commercially? ===
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| − | * [[w:vanilla|Vanilla]] is a flavoring derived from orchids in the genus Vanilla native to Mexico. The name came from the Spanish word ''vainilla'', meaning ''little pod''.
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 8. Conocer las leyes en su área (si existen) que protegen orquídeas silvestres. --> |
| − | <!-- 8. Know the laws in your area (if any) that protect wild orchids. --> | |
| − | ===Navasota Ladies'-Tresses===
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| − | The '''Navasota Ladies'-Tresses ([[w:Spiranthes parksii|Spiranthes parksii]])''' is on the Federal endangered species list
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| − | * http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/endang/plants/navasolt.phtml
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| − | '''Reason for Concern:''' Navasota ladies-tresses is endemic to the Oak Woodlands and Prairies region of east-central Texas. Once thought to be extremely rare, it is now known to be locally common in parts of its range. However, many of the sites are near an active coal stripmining operation. Other sites are within the area of Bryan-College Station and are threatened by the rapid development of this metroplex.
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| − | </div>
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| − | * [http://www.nativeorchid.org/howYouCanHelp.htm How YOU Can Help to Protect Wild Orchids]
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| − | </div>
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| − | ===Pink Lady's Slipper===
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| − | ''Cypripedium acaule'', or Pink Lady's Slipper, is endangered in Nova Scotia, Canada, and in the U.S. States of Georgia, Tennessee, Illinois, and New York. Because of a fungus association needed for growth, and the high acid this plant needs, C. acaule is very difficult to grow in the average garden and is unlikely to survive any attempts at transplantation. It should not be removed or disturbed if found in nature.
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| − | </div>
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| − | ===Showy Lady's Slipper===
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| − | ''Cypripedium reginae'', or Showy Lady's Slipper is endangered (or extirpated) in the U.S. States of Arkansas, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.
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| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Referencias== |
| − | ==References== | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchids
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| − | * [http://www.aos.org/aos/ American Orchid Society]
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| − | * [http://www.ocos.net/ Orange County Orchid Society]
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| − | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseHonorPage}} | | {{CloseHonorPage}} |
