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| − | '''Mineral processing''', otherwise known as mineral dressing, is the practice of beneficiating valuable minerals from their [[ore]]s.
| + | {{honor_header|3|1949|Nature<br>General Conference<br>2001 Edition}} |
| − | Industrial mineral treatment processes usually combine a number of unit operations in order to liberate, concentrate and classify minerals using physical properties and processes.
| + | ==1. Have the Rocks and Minerals Honor == |
| | + | {{ay prerequisite|Nature|Rocks and Minerals}} |
| | + | ==2. Have a collection of 30 rocks and minerals properly named, 20 of which you have personally collected. Label with collector's name, date and locality in which it was found. == |
| | + | ==3. Know two minerals that belong to each of the following crystal systems:== |
| | + | ===a. Isometric === |
| | + | ===b. Hexagonal === |
| | + | ===c. Tetragonal === |
| | + | ==4. Know Mohs' scale of hardness and the simplified field tests of hardness. By using these field tests, collect a scale range of specimens from your own region to form your own hardness test set. == |
| | + | ==5. Do one of the following:== |
| | + | ===a. Know and tell two different processes by which metals are extracted from ores.=== |
| | + | ===b. Know eight minerals and tell how each is used. === |
| | + | ==6. Define the following: == |
| | + | ===a. Crystalline === |
| | + | ===b. Cryptocrystalline === |
| | + | ===c. Breccia === |
| | + | ===d. Noncrystalline === |
| | + | ===e. Fibrous fracture === |
| | + | ===f. Vitreous luster === |
| | + | ===g. Geode === |
| | + | ===h. Petrification === |
| | + | ===i. Stalactite=== |
| | + | ===j. Fluorescence === |
| | + | ==7. What four metals are frequently found in native or free form? == |
| | + | ==8. Discuss the content of three statements from the writings of Ellen G. White concerning rocks or mine== |
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| − | Many plants will also incorporate hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes as part of an extractive metallurgical operation. Mineral processing involves manipulating particle size by crushing and grinding the ore. Combined with particle size classification unit operations, this area is often termed ''comminution''.
| + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book]] |
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| − | == Comminution ==
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| − | [[Comminution]] is the science of the size reduction of rock particles. [[Crushing]] and [[grinding]] processes are used in combination with [[classification]] processes.
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| − | == Classification ==
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| − | Fine and coarse particles are separated using shaking or static screens,[[ore sorters]], gas cyclones, hydrocyclones, rotating trommels or fluidized classifers.
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| − | == Froth Flotation ==
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| − | [[Froth flotation]] is achieved when particles are separated based on their surface potential. Hydrophobic particles are recovered to the froth, whereas hydrophilic particles are discharged with the tailings stream. Some mineral particles are naturally hydrophobic, whereas others require specific reagent additions to change their surface potentials.[[Oxide]] ores, such as [[spodumene]] and [[tantalite]] can be treated using [[oxalic acid]] based collectors. [[Sulfide]] ores can be recovered using xanthate or dithiophosphate type collectors.
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| − | == Solvent Extraction - Electrowinning ==
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| − | [[Solvent extraction]]-[[electrowinning]] (SXEW) is a process by which ore is treated with a leachant (generally [[acid]]) to dissolve [[ore]] components. The ore is generally piled on heaps, and this process is part of the [[heap leaching]] processing method. Generally, [[carbonate]] [[minerals]] such as [[malachite]] are most amenable to SX-EW heap leaching.<br> The leachate is collected and passed through a [[solvent]] extraction circuit where [[metal]] [[ions]] in solution are exposed to organic solvents such as [[turpentine]] or other [[petrochemicals]], where the metal ions bind to the solvent via [[chelation]]. The solvent is then stripped of the metal via manipulation of pH, into a second acid circuit. The metal in this second circuit is sent to an electrolytic cell where metal is stripped via [[electrolysis]] onto the anode.
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| − | == Gravity Concentration ==
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| − | Particles can be classified based on their [[specific gravity]]. Gravity concentration processes include:
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| − | * Heavy media or dense media separation
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| − | * Shaking tables, such as the wilfely table
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| − | * Spirals
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| − | * Centrifugal bowl concentrators
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| − | * Jig concentrators
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| − | # Multi gravity separators
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| − | # Nelson concentrators
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| − | == Electrostatic Separation ==
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| − | Non-conducting particles maintain an electrostatic charge induced electrically, and so remain pinned to a charged drum. Conducting particles do not maintain the electrostatic charge and so fall off the drum, thus minerals such as [[ilmenite]] and [[rutile]] can be separated.
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| − | == Magnetic Separation ==
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| − | Minerals such as [[magnetite]] and [[pyrrhotite]] are naturally [[magnetic]], and so can be separated from non-magnetic particles using strong magnets.
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | *[http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/08827508.asp Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review]
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| − | *[http://www.min-eng.com/ Minerals Engineering International]
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| − | [[Category:Metallurgy]] | |
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| − | [[fi:Rikastus]]
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