Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Temperate Deciduous Forests/Answer Key"

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<!-- 1. Describe or explain the following information about temperate deciduous forests: -->
  
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While most of the Youtube videos speak of evolutionary origins for the temperate deciduous forest biome, this video only deals with describing the present identifying marks of a deciduous forest. [https://youtu.be/F1mTCAuBiNA]
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|honorname=Temperate Deciduous Forests
 
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|year=2016
 
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|authority=North American Division
 
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==1. Describe or explain the following information about temperate deciduous forests:== <!--T:3-->
 
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While most of the Youtube videos speak of evolutionary origins for the temperate deciduous forest biome, this video only deals with describing the present identifying marks of a deciduous forest. [https://youtu.be/F1mTCAuBiNA]
 
  
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Untamedscience.com contains several videos and detailed information about Temperate Deciduous Forests as well as other biomes! [http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/temperate-deciduous-forests/]
 
Untamedscience.com contains several videos and detailed information about Temperate Deciduous Forests as well as other biomes! [http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/temperate-deciduous-forests/]
  
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===a. In simple terms, describe a temperate deciduous forest.=== <!--T:4-->
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A moist forest composed of broad-leafed trees, which lose their leaves in the winter.
 
A moist forest composed of broad-leafed trees, which lose their leaves in the winter.
  
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===b. List several characteristics of temperate deciduous forests.=== <!--T:5-->
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<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
File:Mixed forest NE-Germany.JPG|Temperate forest in Germany just as the leaf canopy is opening
 
File:Mixed forest NE-Germany.JPG|Temperate forest in Germany just as the leaf canopy is opening
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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The climate has distinct warm and cool seasons - one of them may be rather dry. The four seasons - spring, summer, atutumn, and winter are distinct periods of the year with differing temperatures and weather (climate).
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The climate has distinct warm and cool seasons - one of them may be rather dry. The four seasons - spring, summer, atutumn, and winter are distinct periods of the year with differing temperatures and weather (climate).
  
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There are three layers - canopy, understory, and rich layer of humus on the forest floor. The '''canopy''' is the covering made by the tall broadleaf trees. The '''understory''' is shrubs, bushes, briars, and the like. The quantity of leaf matter, combined with the high moisture that is part of this biome create a quickly decomposing and thus nutrient rich layer of humus (dirt) on the '''forest floor.''' The forest floor has a huge variety of shade tolerant plants and wild flowers that can bloom and turn to seed efficiently in a shady moist environment.[http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/temperate-deciduous-forests/]
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There are three layers - canopy, understory, and rich layer of humus on the forest floor. The '''canopy''' is the covering made by the tall broadleaf trees. The '''understory''' is shrubs, bushes, briars, and the like. The quantity of leaf matter, combined with the high moisture that is part of this biome create a quickly decomposing and thus nutrient rich layer of humus (dirt) on the '''forest floor.''' The forest floor has a huge variety of shade tolerant plants and wild flowers that can bloom and turn to seed efficiently in a shady moist environment.[http://www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/temperate-deciduous-forests/]
  
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There is a seasonal appearance and disappearance of the canopy. The canopy is the leaves on the trees. These leaves die each autumn and in the spring, appear as new growth.
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There is a seasonal appearance and disappearance of the canopy. The canopy is the leaves on the trees. These leaves die each autumn and in the spring, appear as new growth.
  
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Temperate deciduous forests are all in the temperate latitudes, 23 degrees to 66 degrees (both North and South of the equator).
 
Temperate deciduous forests are all in the temperate latitudes, 23 degrees to 66 degrees (both North and South of the equator).
  
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Flowering species time their flowering for the spring just prior to the canopy's appearance, when light still makes it to the forest floor.
 
Flowering species time their flowering for the spring just prior to the canopy's appearance, when light still makes it to the forest floor.
  
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Migratory birds often time their arrival for shortly after the canopy opens so as the have access to the (now present) insects and the protective cover of the canopy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest]
 
Migratory birds often time their arrival for shortly after the canopy opens so as the have access to the (now present) insects and the protective cover of the canopy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest]
  
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Deer, squirrels, foxes, coyotes, and bear are the dominant mammals in the temperate deciduous forest.
 
Deer, squirrels, foxes, coyotes, and bear are the dominant mammals in the temperate deciduous forest.
  
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===c. Provide other names that are used for the temperate deciduous forest.=== <!--T:6-->
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“Temperate Broadleaf Forest” or “Mixed Forest”
 
“Temperate Broadleaf Forest” or “Mixed Forest”
  
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===d. From a map, show the continents where temperate deciduous forests can be found.=== <!--T:7-->
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[[File:Biome map 04.svg|thumb|Extent of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]]
 
[[File:Biome map 04.svg|thumb|Extent of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]]
 
North America, Europe, Asia, Australia. Note forests are not found in all parts of these continents, but they occur in locations that have suitable climates in these 4 continents.
 
North America, Europe, Asia, Australia. Note forests are not found in all parts of these continents, but they occur in locations that have suitable climates in these 4 continents.
  
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===e. Define biome. What is usually found north of the temperate deciduous forest?=== <!--T:8-->
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[[File:Vegetation.png|thumb|One way of mapping terrestrial biomes around the world]]
 
[[File:Vegetation.png|thumb|One way of mapping terrestrial biomes around the world]]
 
A Biome is a group of plants and animals that are adapted to meet the natural regional environment’s physical environment, latitude, elevation, and terrain. Taiga (coniferous forest) – the winters are too cold here for deciduous trees to grow.
 
A Biome is a group of plants and animals that are adapted to meet the natural regional environment’s physical environment, latitude, elevation, and terrain. Taiga (coniferous forest) – the winters are too cold here for deciduous trees to grow.
  
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Please view the linked "biomes of the world" image to see how some scientists divide the worlds biomes.
 
Please view the linked "biomes of the world" image to see how some scientists divide the worlds biomes.
  
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==2. Identify, from pictures or in nature, four types of trees commonly found in temperate deciduous forests.== <!--T:9-->
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<!-- 2. Identify, from pictures or in nature, four types of trees commonly found in temperate deciduous forests. -->
  
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You can choose other species common in your area. Maple, Beech, Elm, and Oak are common in Northern Hemisphere temperate deciduous forests, while in the Southern Hemisphere trees of the genus Nothofagus dominate.
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You can choose other species common in your area. Maple, Beech, Elm, Oak, Tulip Poplar, and Sassafras are common in Northern Hemisphere temperate deciduous forests, while in the Southern Hemisphere trees of the genus Nothofagus dominate.
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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File:Gamble oak leaves.jpg|Gamble oak leaves
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File:Gamble oak leaves.jpg|White Oak: Gamble oak
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File:Northern Pin Oak.jpg|White Oak: Northern Pin Oak
 
File:Silver maple 5058.jpg|Silver maple 5058
 
File:Silver maple 5058.jpg|Silver maple 5058
 
File:American Beech Leaves (10562563795).jpg|American Beech Leaves
 
File:American Beech Leaves (10562563795).jpg|American Beech Leaves
 
File:Rock Elm, Leaves and Bark.jpg|Rock Elm, Leaves and Bark
 
File:Rock Elm, Leaves and Bark.jpg|Rock Elm, Leaves and Bark
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File:Sassafras, Saxifras, Tea Tree, Mitten Tree, Cinnamonwood (Sassafras albidum).jpg|Sassafras
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File:Liriodendron tulipifera.jpg|Tulip Poplar
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==3. Explain why leaves turn color in the fall.== <!--T:10-->
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<!-- 3. Explain why leaves turn color in the fall. -->
  
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The green color of leaves is caused by chlorophyll, which is what traps the sun’s energy so that the leaves can make chemical energy. In the fall when it gets cold, the chlorophyll can become toxic. So in the fall the trees breakdown the chlorophyll, which reveals other pigments in the leaves (yellow, orange, brown and red).
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The green color of leaves is caused by chlorophyll, which is what traps the sun’s energy so that the leaves can make chemical energy. In the fall when it gets cold, the chlorophyll can become toxic. So in the fall the trees breakdown the chlorophyll, which reveals other pigments in the leaves (yellow, orange, brown and red).
  
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==4. Read Genesis 1:11-13. Discover when Genesis 1 says the trees were created.== <!--T:11-->
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<!-- 4. Read Genesis 1:11-13. Discover when Genesis 1 says the trees were created. -->
  
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Day 3
 
Day 3
  
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==5. Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five species of flowering plants commonly found in a temperate deciduous forest. Why are they usually only found in spring?== <!--T:12-->
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<!-- 5. Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five species of flowering plants commonly found in a temperate deciduous forest. Why are they usually only found in spring? -->
  
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In The Northern Hemisphere, Trillium, May Apple, Forget-me-nots, violets, Spring Beauty, and Trout Lily are common. Consult local sources for flowers common to your temperate deciduous forest.
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In The Northern Hemisphere, Trillium, May Apple, Forget-me-nots, violets, Spring Beauty, Fire Pink, False Solomon's Seal, Eastern Wild Columbine, Hepatica, Starflower, and Trout Lily are common. Consult local sources for flowers common to your temperate deciduous forest.
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
File:The Great White Trillium.JPG|The Great White Trillium  
 
File:The Great White Trillium.JPG|The Great White Trillium  
 
File:PoisonousMayApple099.jpg|May Apple  
 
File:PoisonousMayApple099.jpg|May Apple  
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File:Viola sororia common violet.jpg|Viola sororia common violet  
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File:Viola sororia common violet.jpg|common violet  
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File:Claytonia virginica - Spring Beauty.jpg|Claytonia virginica - Spring Beauty
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File:Claytonia virginica - Spring Beauty.jpg|Spring Beauty
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File:Fire Pink Silene virginica Flower 2391px.jpg|Fire Pink
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File:I think False Solomon's Seal (Maianthemum stellata) (5813744037).jpg|False Solomon's Seal
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File:Wild Columbine.jpg|Wild Columbine
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File:Hepatica_nobilis_flowers.JPG|Hepatica
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File:Northern Starflower (2533990215).jpg|Northern Starflower
 
File:Erythronium americanum - Trout Lily 2.jpg|Erythronium americanum - Trout Lily
 
File:Erythronium americanum - Trout Lily 2.jpg|Erythronium americanum - Trout Lily
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==6. Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five species of mammals commonly found in the temperate deciduous forests.== <!--T:13-->
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A much more extensive list along with images is available at [https://www.wildflower.org/collections/collection.php?start=0&collection=ss_02&pagecount=10&pagecount=100 wildflower.org]
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Flowering species time their flowering for the spring just prior to the canopy's appearance, when light still makes it to the forest floor. Others that tolerate partial or full shade bloom later.
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<!-- 6. Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five species of mammals commonly found in the temperate deciduous forests. -->
  
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Black bear, deer, raccoon, skunk, squirrels, chipmunk, opossum, and fox are some of the most widespread of mammals present in a temperate deciduous forest are common and widespread.   Less common are coyote, wolf Duckbill platypus (Australia) and weasel.
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Black bear, deer, raccoon, skunk, squirrels, chipmunk, opossum, and fox are some of the most widespread of mammals present in a temperate deciduous forest are common and widespread. Less common are coyote, wolf Duckbill platypus (Australia) and weasel.
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
File:Black bear Yellowstone NP 2008.jpg|Black bear
 
File:Black bear Yellowstone NP 2008.jpg|Black bear
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</gallery>
 
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==7. Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five types of birds commonly found in temperate deciduous forests.== <!--T:14-->
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<!-- 7. Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five types of birds commonly found in temperate deciduous forests. -->
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The most notable bird found in the North American temperate deciduous forest is the American Bald Eagle.
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Other common birds include - Warblers, Canada Goose, Red tailed Hawk, cardinal, Veery, Crow, Raven, vulture, turkey, owl, grosbeaks, vireos, and MANY others.
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Please modify this list for those common in your closest temperate deciduous forest.
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''
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Note: the following gallery heavily favors birds in the North American biome. If you find Creative Commons images for birds found in the biome on other continents, please add them to the gallery AND list above.''
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<gallery>
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File:Haliaeetus leucocephalus in flight over KSC.jpg|American Bald Eagle
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File:Worm-eating Warbler.jpg|Worm-eating Warbler
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File:Wilsonia pusilla.jpg|Wilson's Warbler (Eastern USA)
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File:Canada Goose Standing.jpg|Canada Goose
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File:Red-tailed Hawk with moon over Estero Bay CA - composition red-tail-moon-composite-2630s (323660913).jpg|Red-tailed Hawk
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File:Cardinal male 2.JPG|Cardinal (Eastern USA)
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File:Veery (7235498720).jpg|Veery (Eastern USA)
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File:American Crow SanDiego RWD.jpg|Crow
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File:Raven (Corvus corax) (2).JPG|Raven
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File:Turkey Vulture (7172188840).jpg|Turkey Vulture
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File:Wild Turkey Walking.jpg|Wild Turkey
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File:Great Horned Owl at Fort DeSoto - Flickr - Andrea Westmoreland.jpg|Great Horned Owl
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File:Blue Grosbeak female RWD3.jpg|Blue Grosbeak female
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File:Yellow-throated Vireo by Dan Pancamo 1.jpg|Yellow-throated Vireo
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</gallery>
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<!-- 8. List important resources provided to your region by temperate deciduous forests. -->
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PLEASE NOTE THE WORDING "to your region." Hardwoods provided by broadleaf trees from the temperate deciduous forest biome provide different resources (albeit related) to different portions of the world. The list below is a suggestion and may differ somewhat from the correct answer for your region.
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'''Hardwood:'''
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*Hardwood for long lasting furniture
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*Hardwood for floors, paneling, and other house building needs
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*Hardwood for long lasting hot fires
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*Pallets
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*Maples for Maple syrup
  
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==8. List important resources provided to your region by temperate deciduous forests.== <!--T:15-->
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'''Other:'''
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*food from hunting (especially deer)[http://sciencing.com/natural-resources-deciduous-forest-8443815.html]
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*maintenance of the world's ecosystems as they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen back into the atmosphere.[http://sciencing.com/natural-resources-deciduous-forest-8443815.html]
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*recreational areas (hiking, camping, geocaching, etc.)
  
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==9. Learn about one invasive species that affects temperate deciduous forests.== <!--T:16-->
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<!-- 9. Learn about one invasive species that affects temperate deciduous forests. -->
  
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Invasive (non native) species abound. Plants, animals, and birds can all be considered invasive (non native) if they were introduced into an area that they were not originally native to.
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Invasive (non native) species abound. Plants, animals, and birds can all be considered invasive (non native) if they were introduced into an area that they were not originally native to.
  
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National Park Service (USA) has a complete site with hundreds of links dedicated to invasive species present in the National Park system [https://www.nature.nps.gov/biology/invasivespecies/].
 
National Park Service (USA) has a complete site with hundreds of links dedicated to invasive species present in the National Park system [https://www.nature.nps.gov/biology/invasivespecies/].
  
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'''Plants:'''
 
'''Plants:'''
  
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Key Online resources:
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*Invasive Plant Atlas.org [https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/] [National Park Service http://www.nps.gov] (search park name and then invasive species for a list)
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Key Online resources:
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*Invasive Plant Atlas.org [https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/] [National Park Service http://www.nps.gov] (search park name and then invasive species for a list)
 
*The National Park Service (USA) has also provided downloadable PDFs with details and pictures for hundreds of invasive plant species by region.
 
*The National Park Service (USA) has also provided downloadable PDFs with details and pictures for hundreds of invasive plant species by region.
 
Mid-Atlantic [https://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/midatlantic.pdf]
 
Mid-Atlantic [https://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/midatlantic.pdf]
  
  
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In the United States, the story usually goes something like this: Originally brought from (China, Japan, India, etc.) as an ornamental or decorative plant. Escaped, and began to take over the area.
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In the United States, the story usually goes something like this: Originally brought from (China, Japan, India, etc.) as an ornamental or decorative plant. Escaped, and began to take over the area.
  
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Other plants were brought over purposefully to aid in erosion control, plant control, or even insect control. However, the invasion of the new species usually far outweighed the benefits.
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Other plants were brought over purposefully to aid in erosion control, plant control, or even insect control. However, the invasion of the new species usually far outweighed the benefits.
  
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Some invasive plant species include:
 
Some invasive plant species include:
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<gallery>
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File:Kudzu field horz2.JPG|Kudzu Vine (widespread across the mid-atlantic and southern USA)
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File:Fallopia japonica MdE 2.jpg|Japanese knotweed
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File:Rhamnus frangula 04 ies.jpg|Buckthorn
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</gallery>
  
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Kudzu Vine (widespread across the mid-atlantic and southern USA) [[File:Kudzu field horz2.JPG|thumb|Kudzu field horz2]]
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Challenge the young people to collect (if collection is allowed) items as they go on a hike or walk through a deciduous forest. They can share their stories upon their return.
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Challenge the young people to collect (if collection is allowed) items as they go on a hike or walk through a deciduous forest. They can share their stories upon their return.
  
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'''An OBJECT LESSON''' is defined as a type of story which involves a visible tangible object that the speaker displays during her/his talk.
 
'''An OBJECT LESSON''' is defined as a type of story which involves a visible tangible object that the speaker displays during her/his talk.
  
  
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'''Here is one example of many:'''
 
'''Here is one example of many:'''
  
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Fall Colors: The fall colors of the deciduous forests are famous around the world! The green chlorophyll in the leaves, which uses the suns light to make energy for the leaf, will become toxic to the tree if it remains and the temperatures get to cold. So the leaves break down the green-colored chlorophyll leaving the yellow and orange-colored carotene pigments, which have been hidden all summer by all the green chlorophyll. The red pigment of maple leaves is caused by anthocyanin. This red pigment is added in the fall at about the time the green chlorophyll disappears. While the colors are beautiful, one can’t help but wonder why so much energy is used to make all that red pigment which will last for only a couple of weeks and then be of no use when the leaves fall off?
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Fall Colors: The fall colors of the deciduous forests are famous around the world! The green chlorophyll in the leaves, which uses the suns light to make energy for the leaf, will become toxic to the tree if it remains and the temperatures get to cold. So the leaves break down the green-colored chlorophyll leaving the yellow and orange-colored carotene pigments, which have been hidden all summer by all the green chlorophyll. The red pigment of maple leaves is caused by anthocyanin. This red pigment is added in the fall at about the time the green chlorophyll disappears. While the colors are beautiful, one can’t help but wonder why so much energy is used to make all that red pigment which will last for only a couple of weeks and then be of no use when the leaves fall off?
  
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Scientists have now discovered at least three possible purposes for the anthocyanin in fall. Red repels aphids! Seeing their favorite tree turn red makes them jump off and find some other leaf to eat! So once a year the anthocyanin acts as an insect repellent. Secondly, when the leaves fall off, the anthocyanin is absorbed in the soil around the base of the tree and acts as an herbicide. Other trees are less likely to sprout and grow and compete with the mature tree! The third reason for anthocyanin is that it can help the tree trap the sun’s energy when the chlorophyll is gone thus extending the growing season a bit longer.
+
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Scientists have now discovered at least three possible purposes for the anthocyanin in fall. Red repels aphids! Seeing their favorite tree turn red makes them jump off and find some other leaf to eat! So once a year the anthocyanin acts as an insect repellent. Secondly, when the leaves fall off, the anthocyanin is absorbed in the soil around the base of the tree and acts as an herbicide. Other trees are less likely to sprout and grow and compete with the mature tree! The third reason for anthocyanin is that it can help the tree trap the sun’s energy when the chlorophyll is gone thus extending the growing season a bit longer.
  
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God often does things that may seem strange to us but He always has a purpose for what He does. He acts on our behalf; each act for a functional purpose. But He also adds beauty to the work He does. Enjoy the fall colors and be reminded that He is in control.
+
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God often does things that may seem strange to us but He always has a purpose for what He does. He acts on our behalf; each act for a functional purpose. But He also adds beauty to the work He does. Enjoy the fall colors and be reminded that He is in control.
  
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==11. Do at least three of the following activities:== <!--T:18-->
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Many hiking trails offer trail maps or sign posts with tree names and details mounted on or near the tree. Research whether your area has such a trail. Another option is to have a naturalist guide you on a hike to identify deciduous tree species.
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Many hiking trails offer trail maps or sign posts with tree names and details mounted on or near the tree. Research whether your area has such a trail. Another option is to have a naturalist guide you on a hike to identify deciduous tree species.
  
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Latest revision as of 17:45, 3 January 2023

Other languages:
English • ‎español
Temperate Deciduous Forests

Skill Level

1

Year

2016

Version

11.05.2024

Approval authority

North American Division

Temperate Deciduous Forests AY Honor.png
Temperate Deciduous Forests
Nature
Skill Level
123
Approval authority
North American Division
Year of Introduction
2016


1

Describe or explain the following information about temperate deciduous forests:


While most of the Youtube videos speak of evolutionary origins for the temperate deciduous forest biome, this video only deals with describing the present identifying marks of a deciduous forest. [1]

Untamedscience.com contains several videos and detailed information about Temperate Deciduous Forests as well as other biomes! [2]


1a

In simple terms, describe a temperate deciduous forest.


A moist forest composed of broad-leafed trees, which lose their leaves in the winter.


1b

List several characteristics of temperate deciduous forests.


  • Temperate forest in Germany just as the leaf canopy is opening

  • Canopy of trees

The climate has distinct warm and cool seasons - one of them may be rather dry. The four seasons - spring, summer, atutumn, and winter are distinct periods of the year with differing temperatures and weather (climate).

There are three layers - canopy, understory, and rich layer of humus on the forest floor. The canopy is the covering made by the tall broadleaf trees. The understory is shrubs, bushes, briars, and the like. The quantity of leaf matter, combined with the high moisture that is part of this biome create a quickly decomposing and thus nutrient rich layer of humus (dirt) on the forest floor. The forest floor has a huge variety of shade tolerant plants and wild flowers that can bloom and turn to seed efficiently in a shady moist environment.[3]

There is a seasonal appearance and disappearance of the canopy. The canopy is the leaves on the trees. These leaves die each autumn and in the spring, appear as new growth.

Temperate deciduous forests are all in the temperate latitudes, 23 degrees to 66 degrees (both North and South of the equator).

Flowering species time their flowering for the spring just prior to the canopy's appearance, when light still makes it to the forest floor.

Migratory birds often time their arrival for shortly after the canopy opens so as the have access to the (now present) insects and the protective cover of the canopy. [4]

Deer, squirrels, foxes, coyotes, and bear are the dominant mammals in the temperate deciduous forest.


1c

Provide other names that are used for the temperate deciduous forest.


“Temperate Broadleaf Forest” or “Mixed Forest”


1d

From a map, show the continents where temperate deciduous forests can be found.


Extent of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

North America, Europe, Asia, Australia. Note forests are not found in all parts of these continents, but they occur in locations that have suitable climates in these 4 continents.


1e

Define biome. What is usually found north of the temperate deciduous forest?


One way of mapping terrestrial biomes around the world

A Biome is a group of plants and animals that are adapted to meet the natural regional environment’s physical environment, latitude, elevation, and terrain. Taiga (coniferous forest) – the winters are too cold here for deciduous trees to grow.

Please view the linked "biomes of the world" image to see how some scientists divide the worlds biomes.



2

Identify, from pictures or in nature, four types of trees commonly found in temperate deciduous forests.


You can choose other species common in your area. Maple, Beech, Elm, Oak, Tulip Poplar, and Sassafras are common in Northern Hemisphere temperate deciduous forests, while in the Southern Hemisphere trees of the genus Nothofagus dominate.

  • White Oak: Gamble oak

  • White Oak: Northern Pin Oak

  • Silver maple 5058

  • American Beech Leaves

  • Rock Elm, Leaves and Bark

  • Sassafras

  • Tulip Poplar


3

Explain why leaves turn color in the fall.


The green color of leaves is caused by chlorophyll, which is what traps the sun’s energy so that the leaves can make chemical energy. In the fall when it gets cold, the chlorophyll can become toxic. So in the fall the trees breakdown the chlorophyll, which reveals other pigments in the leaves (yellow, orange, brown and red).


4

Read Genesis 1:11-13. Discover when Genesis 1 says the trees were created.


Day 3


5

Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five species of flowering plants commonly found in a temperate deciduous forest. Why are they usually only found in spring?


In The Northern Hemisphere, Trillium, May Apple, Forget-me-nots, violets, Spring Beauty, Fire Pink, False Solomon's Seal, Eastern Wild Columbine, Hepatica, Starflower, and Trout Lily are common. Consult local sources for flowers common to your temperate deciduous forest.

  • The Great White Trillium

  • May Apple

  • common violet

  • Spring Beauty

  • Fire Pink

  • False Solomon's Seal

  • Wild Columbine

  • Hepatica

  • Northern Starflower

  • Erythronium americanum - Trout Lily

A much more extensive list along with images is available at wildflower.org

Flowering species time their flowering for the spring just prior to the canopy's appearance, when light still makes it to the forest floor. Others that tolerate partial or full shade bloom later.


6

Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five species of mammals commonly found in the temperate deciduous forests.


Black bear, deer, raccoon, skunk, squirrels, chipmunk, opossum, and fox are some of the most widespread of mammals present in a temperate deciduous forest are common and widespread. Less common are coyote, wolf Duckbill platypus (Australia) and weasel.

  • Black bear

  • Black bear cub

  • White Tailed Deer fawn

  • White-Tailed Deer

  • Raccoon, female after washing up

  • Raccoon

  • Striped Skunk

  • Eastern Gray Squirrel

  • Chipmunk

  • Opossum

  • Opossum playing dead

  • Fox

  • Eastern Coyote

  • Grey wolf

  • Ornithorhynchus

  • Bridled weasel


7

Identify, from pictures or in nature, at least five types of birds commonly found in temperate deciduous forests.


The most notable bird found in the North American temperate deciduous forest is the American Bald Eagle. Other common birds include - Warblers, Canada Goose, Red tailed Hawk, cardinal, Veery, Crow, Raven, vulture, turkey, owl, grosbeaks, vireos, and MANY others.

Please modify this list for those common in your closest temperate deciduous forest. Note: the following gallery heavily favors birds in the North American biome. If you find Creative Commons images for birds found in the biome on other continents, please add them to the gallery AND list above.

  • American Bald Eagle

  • Worm-eating Warbler

  • Wilson's Warbler (Eastern USA)

  • Canada Goose

  • Red-tailed Hawk

  • Cardinal (Eastern USA)

  • Veery (Eastern USA)

  • Crow

  • Raven

  • Turkey Vulture

  • Wild Turkey

  • Great Horned Owl

  • Blue Grosbeak female

  • Yellow-throated Vireo


8

List important resources provided to your region by temperate deciduous forests.


PLEASE NOTE THE WORDING "to your region." Hardwoods provided by broadleaf trees from the temperate deciduous forest biome provide different resources (albeit related) to different portions of the world. The list below is a suggestion and may differ somewhat from the correct answer for your region.

Hardwood:

  • Hardwood for long lasting furniture
  • Hardwood for floors, paneling, and other house building needs
  • Hardwood for long lasting hot fires
  • Pallets
  • Maples for Maple syrup

Other:

  • food from hunting (especially deer)[5]
  • maintenance of the world's ecosystems as they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen back into the atmosphere.[6]
  • recreational areas (hiking, camping, geocaching, etc.)


9

Learn about one invasive species that affects temperate deciduous forests.


Invasive (non native) species abound. Plants, animals, and birds can all be considered invasive (non native) if they were introduced into an area that they were not originally native to.

National Park Service (USA) has a complete site with hundreds of links dedicated to invasive species present in the National Park system [7].

Plants:

Key Online resources:

  • Invasive Plant Atlas.org [8] [National Park Service http://www.nps.gov] (search park name and then invasive species for a list)
  • The National Park Service (USA) has also provided downloadable PDFs with details and pictures for hundreds of invasive plant species by region.

Mid-Atlantic [9]


In the United States, the story usually goes something like this: Originally brought from (China, Japan, India, etc.) as an ornamental or decorative plant. Escaped, and began to take over the area.

Other plants were brought over purposefully to aid in erosion control, plant control, or even insect control. However, the invasion of the new species usually far outweighed the benefits.

Some invasive plant species include:

  • Kudzu Vine (widespread across the mid-atlantic and southern USA)

  • Japanese knotweed

  • Buckthorn


10

Prepare an object lesson about a plant, animal, or bird which lives in temperate deciduous forests. Share this lesson in a group setting such as a club/unit worship, children’s story in church, campfire, or vespers.


Challenge the young people to collect (if collection is allowed) items as they go on a hike or walk through a deciduous forest. They can share their stories upon their return.

An OBJECT LESSON is defined as a type of story which involves a visible tangible object that the speaker displays during her/his talk.


Here is one example of many:

Fall Colors: The fall colors of the deciduous forests are famous around the world! The green chlorophyll in the leaves, which uses the suns light to make energy for the leaf, will become toxic to the tree if it remains and the temperatures get to cold. So the leaves break down the green-colored chlorophyll leaving the yellow and orange-colored carotene pigments, which have been hidden all summer by all the green chlorophyll. The red pigment of maple leaves is caused by anthocyanin. This red pigment is added in the fall at about the time the green chlorophyll disappears. While the colors are beautiful, one can’t help but wonder why so much energy is used to make all that red pigment which will last for only a couple of weeks and then be of no use when the leaves fall off?

Scientists have now discovered at least three possible purposes for the anthocyanin in fall. Red repels aphids! Seeing their favorite tree turn red makes them jump off and find some other leaf to eat! So once a year the anthocyanin acts as an insect repellent. Secondly, when the leaves fall off, the anthocyanin is absorbed in the soil around the base of the tree and acts as an herbicide. Other trees are less likely to sprout and grow and compete with the mature tree! The third reason for anthocyanin is that it can help the tree trap the sun’s energy when the chlorophyll is gone thus extending the growing season a bit longer.

God often does things that may seem strange to us but He always has a purpose for what He does. He acts on our behalf; each act for a functional purpose. But He also adds beauty to the work He does. Enjoy the fall colors and be reminded that He is in control.


11

Do at least three of the following activities:



11a

Visit an exhibit or conservatory of deciduous tree species.


Many hiking trails offer trail maps or sign posts with tree names and details mounted on or near the tree. Research whether your area has such a trail. Another option is to have a naturalist guide you on a hike to identify deciduous tree species.


11b

Make a collection of at least five types of leaves from temperate deciduous forest trees.



11c

Visit a zoo or nature center where there are animals typical of the temperate deciduous forests biome.


If you are planning to visit a zoo or aquarium, be aware that there are various honors that have requirements which can be met by visiting a zoo or aquarium. Individuals can work on multiple honors in one visit, or parts of your group may work on different honors during the same visit.

Here is a list of honors which have requirements that can be met by visiting a zoo or aquarium:

Animal Camouflage

Bogs & Fens

Creation

Creationism

Dunes

Endangered Species

Harmful Animals

Island Fishing

Marine Mammals

Marsupials

Marsupials & Monotremes

Migration

Oceans

Rainforests

Raptors

Sharks

Taiga

Temperate Grasslands

Venomous Animals



11d

Watch a video about temperate deciduous forests, or plants or animals that live in temperate deciduous forests.



11e

Draw or paint a picture of something you had fun learning about while studying temperate deciduous forests.



11f

As a group, make a short video about a real life temperate deciduous forest conservation project. Explain why this specific habitat should be saved.



11g

Visit a lumber store and learn to identify by their grain texture at least three species of trees that are deciduous.





References

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