Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Home Nursing/Answer Key"

From Pathfinder Wiki
< AY Honors‎ | Home NursingAY Honors/Home Nursing/Answer Key
 
m (127 revisions from w:Soft diet)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{honor header|2|1938|Health and Science|General Conference}}
+
A [[soft diet]] is recommended in many situations, including some types of [[dysphagia]] (difficulty swallowing), surgery involving the jaw, mouth or [[gastrointestinal tract]], and pain from newly adjusted [[dental braces]].
  
==1. Have the First Aid Honor.==
+
A soft diet can include many foods if they are mashed or pureed, covered or placed with in sauces or gravy, or placed in [[soups]], [[stews]], [[Chili_con_carne|chili]], [[Curry|curries]].
{{ay prerequisite|Health and Science|First Aid, Standard}}
 
==2. What foods are included in the following diets:==
 
===a. Liquid ===
 
*Creamed or clear soup
 
*Any drink following the criteria below.
 
*Pudding
 
*Jello
 
  
For a food to be classified as liquid, it would have to be able to be strained when heated.  For example, tapioca pudding would not qualify, but a milkshake without pieces of fruit or other foods would qualify.
+
In some situations, there are additional restrictions.  For example, patients who need to avoid excessive [[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease|reflux]], such as those recovering from esophageal surgery for [[achalasia]], are also instructed to stay away from foods that can aggravate [[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease|reflux]], which include ketchup and other tomato products, citrus fruits, chocolate, mint, spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine.
  
===b. Soft ===
+
Many of the foods listed here can be adapted for a [[liquid diet|"full liquid"]] diet (not a [[liquid diet|"clear liquid"]] diet) by processing in a blender with an appropriate thinning liquid, such as a vegetable or meat broth, fruit or vegetable juice, or milk.
===c. Light===
 
This diet is culturally diverse, and includes the following:
 
*Food that is easy to digest.
 
*Not spicy
 
  
  
===d. Full===
+
== Grains/starches ==
A ''full diet'' is also sometimes referred to as a ''general diet''. It includes all food items, including drinks.
 
  
==3. Know the symptoms of a fever. Know how to take person's temperature. Know how to bring a high temperature DOWN.==
+
*Cooked Hot cereals: [[oatmeal]], [[porridge]], [[Weetabix]]/[[Farina_(food)|Farina]]/[[Cream_of_Wheat|Cream of Wheat]], Cream of Rice.
===Definition and Symptoms===
+
*[[Breakfast_cereal|Breakfast Cereal]] ([[Cheerios]], [[Cornflakes]], [[Corn_Pops]], [[Corn Chex]], [[Rice Krispies]]), softened/soggy in milk.
Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1–2 °C. Fever differs from hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the body's thermoregulatory set-point, due to excessive heat production or insufficient thermoregulation, or both. The person who is developing the fever has a cold sensation, and an increase in heart rate, muscle tone and shivering attempt to counteract the perceived hypothermia, thereby reaching the new thermoregulatory set-point. A fever is one of the body's mechanisms to try to neutralize the perceived threat inside the body, be it bacteria or a virus.
+
*[[Macaroni & Cheese]] (cooked soft, pureed in blender if needed.)
 +
*[[Mashed potatoes]] and gravy
 +
*Mashed [[sweet potatoes]]
 +
*Pasta cooked soft
 +
*Rice and gravy (cooked soft)
 +
*[[Risotto]]
 +
*[[Couscous]]
 +
*Quinoa
 +
*[[Baked_potato|baked potatoes]] (skinless) with sour cream or cream cheese
 +
*[[Lasagna]], chopped up with extra sauce over top.
 +
*Asian fried rice or noodles with tiny bits of meat and soft veggies.
 +
*[[Potato Salad]], smooshed.
 +
*muffin, pancake, or waffle. (if needed soften with syrup/butter and reheat.)
  
===Measurement and normal variation===
+
== Protein ==
When a patient has or is suspected of having a fever, that person's body temperature is measured using a thermometer. 
 
  
At a first glance, fever is present if:
+
*[[Refried_beans|Refried Beans]] with melted cheese, Sour Cream, Salsa, Guacamole or add some Chili.
* Temperature in the anus (rectum/rectal) or in the ear (otic) is at or over 38.0°C (100.4°F)
+
*[[Baked beans]], well-cooked and slightly mashed.
* Temperature in the mouth (oral) is at or over 37.5 °C (99.5 °F)
+
*[[Cottage cheese]]
* Temperature under the arm (axillary) is at or over 37.2 °C (99.0 °F)
+
*Canned tuna or canned chicken, water-packed (pureed in blender).
 +
*[[Chicken salad]] or [[Tuna Salad]]
 +
*[[Scrambled eggs|Eggs, scrambled]].
 +
*Fish cooked soft
 +
*[[Meatloaf]], [[Meatball|meatballs]], [[Cottage_pie|cottage pie]], and other soft dishes with [[Ground_meat|ground meat]]
 +
*[[Sloppy Joes]]
 +
*Enchilada Pie
 +
*[[Tofu]]
 +
*[[Yogurt]]
  
The common oral measurement of normal human body temperature is 36.8±0.7 °C (98.2±1.3 °F).  This means that any oral temperature between 36.1 and 37.5 °C (96.9 and 99.5 °F) is likely to be normal.
+
== Fruits and vegetables ==
  
However, there are many variations in normal body temperature, and this needs to be considered when measuring for fever. The values given are for an otherwise healthy, non-fasting adult, dressed comfortably, indoors, in a room that is kept at a normal room temperature (22.7 to 24.4°C or 73 to 76 °F ) , during the morning, but not shortly after arising from sleep.  Furthermore, for oral temperatures, the subject must not have eaten, drunk, or smoked anything in at least the previous fifteen to twenty minutes.
+
*[[Fruit_juice|Fruit Juice]]
 +
*[[Vegetable juice]] ([[tomato juice]])
 +
*[[Soup]], many kinds.
  
Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest around 6 p.m. (assuming the subject follow the prevalent pattern, i.e, sleeping at nighttime and staying awake during daytime). Therefore, an oral temperature of 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) would strictly be a fever in the morning, but not in the afternoon. An oral body temperature reading up to 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) in the early/late afternoon or early/late evening also wouldn't be a fever. Normal body temperature may differ as much as 1.0 °F between individuals or from day to day. In women, temperature differs at various points in the menstrual cycle. Temperature is increased after eating, and psychological factors also influence body temperature.
+
*[[Applesauce]]
 +
*[[Avocados]]
 +
*[[Bananas]] (mash if needed)
 +
*[[Grapefruit]] sections
 +
*[[Orange_(fruit)|Orange]] sections
 +
*[[melons]]: [[Watermelon]], [[Cantelope]], [[Honeydew_(melon)|Honeydew]]; cut into soft cubes.
 +
*Peeled [[Pears]] or [[Peaches]], ripe or canned
  
There are different locations where temperature can be measured, and these differ in temperature variability. Tympanic membrane thermometers measure radiant heat energy from the tympanic membrane (infrared). These may be very convenient, but may also show more variability.
+
*vegetables cooked soft, mashed, or pureed in the blender
 +
*[[Spinach]], creamed.
 +
*[[Creamed_corn|creamed Corn]].
  
Children develop higher temperatures with activities like playing, but this is not fever because their set-point is normal. Elderly patients may have a decreased ability to generate body heat during a fever, so even a low-grade fever can have serious underlying causes in geriatrics.
+
== Desserts ==
  
===Treatment===
+
*Fruit [[smoothies]]
Fever should not necessarily be treated. Fever is an important signal that there's something wrong in the body, and it can be used to govern medical treatment and gauge its effectiveness. Moreover, not all fevers are of infectious origin.
+
*[[Milkshakes]]
 +
*[[Custard]]
 +
*[[Pudding]]
 +
*[[Mousse]]
 +
*Jell-O (gelatin)
 +
*[[Ice cream]], [[Sherbet]], [[Frozen Yogurt]], Popsicles, [[Italian Ice]]
 +
*Pie: [[Pumpkin_pie|Pumpkin]], [[Key_Lime_pie|Key Lime]].
 +
*[[Whipped cream]] or [[Whipped_topping|Whipped Topping]]
 +
*Chocolate, small pieces which melt in mouth ([[Peanut_Butter_Cups|Peanut Butter Cups]], [[Hershey Kiss]]).
 +
*Soft cakes, (may also soften further by covering with condensed milk).
 +
*[[Cheesecake]] that has been microwaved for 30 seconds to one minute (it will become a bit mushy)
 +
*[[Cream_pie|Cream pies]]
  
Even when treatment is not indicated, however, febrile patients are generally advised to keep themselves adequately hydrated, as the dehydration produced by a mild fever can be more dangerous than the fever itself. Water is generally used for this purpose, but there is always a small risk of hyponatremia if the patient drinks too much water. For this reason, some patients drink sports drinks or electrolyte-replacing products designed specifically for this purpose.
+
== Tips to increase calories ==
 +
*If you cannot face large meals, try to have 3-4 smaller meals daily with nourishing drinks or enriched soups in between.
 +
*Use cream or whole milk.
 +
*Add 4 tablespoons of powdered milk to 1 pint of whole milk.
 +
*Drinking Milk, add Ovaltine, Chocolate, Protein Powder or Powdered Milk.
 +
*Add grated cheese, butter, margarine, olive oil or mayonnaise to vegetables, potatoes or scrambled eggs.
 +
*Choose full fat or whole milk varieties of yogurt such as thick and creamy or Greek style.
 +
*Add cream to puddings, drinks or soup.
 +
*Add sugar, honey, syrup and seedless jam to cereals, drinks or puddings.
 +
*Add sauce topping and/or Whipped cream to Ice cream.
 +
*Soft canned fruit e.g. peaches, pears, mandarins served with evaporated milk or custard.
 +
*Add one tablespoon of olive oil, powdered milk, protein powder, or pasteurized egg whites to milkshakes or fruit smoothies.
  
Most people take medication against fever because the symptoms cause discomfort. Fever increases heart rate and metabolism, thus potentially putting an additional strain on elderly patients, patients with heart disease, etc. This may even cause delirium. Therefore, potential benefits must be weighed against risks in these patients. In any case, fever must be brought under control in instances when fever escalates to hyperpyrexia (temperature about 42°C) and tissue damage is imminent.
+
== Avoid ==
 +
*hard-to-chew chunks
 +
*Raw Vegetables
 +
*Fruit with skin or seeds ([[Raspberry|Raspberries]] or [[Blackberry|Blackberries]])
 +
*[[Dried fruit]]
 +
*Coconut
 +
*Pineapple
 +
*Seeds and [[Nut_(fruit)|Nuts]]
 +
*[[Popcorn]]
 +
*[[Potato chips]]
 +
*Hard [[pretzels]]
  
Treatment of fever is normally done by lowering the set-point, but facilitating heat loss may also be effective. The former is accomplished with antipyretics such as ibuprofen or acetominophen (aspirin can be given to adults, but can cause Reye's Syndrome in children). Heat removal is generally by wet cloth or pads, usually applied to the forehead, but also through bathing the body in tepid water. This is particularly important for babies, where drugs should be avoided. However, using water that is too cold can induce vasoconstriction, and reduce effective heat loss.
+
== See also ==
  
Heat loss may also be accomplished by heat conduction, convection, radiation, or evaporation (sweating, perspiration), or a combination of these.
+
*[http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/dysph.asp NIDCD information on dysphagia]
 +
*[http://dysphagiaonline.com Dysphagia Online]
 +
*[http://www.dentalhealth.org.uk/faqs/leafletdetail.php?LeafletID=53 British Dental Health Foundation]
  
==4. Know what is a normal pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature. Practice taking the pulse rate, respiration rate, and temperature of a friend or classmate.==
 
===Pulse===
 
A normal pulse rate for a healthy adult, while resting, can range from 60 to 100 beats per minute (BPM), although well conditioned athletes may have a healthy pulse rate lower than 60 BPM. Bradycardia occurs when the pulse rate is below 60 per minute, whereas tachycardia occurs when the rate is above 100 BPM. During sleep, this can drop to as low as 40 BPM; during strenuous exercise, it can rise as high as 150–200 BPM. Generally, pulse rates are higher in infants and young children. The resting heart rate for an infant is usually close to an adult's pulse rate during strenuous exercise (average 110 BPM for an infant).
 
  
Pulses are manually palpated with fingers. When palpating the carotid artery, the femoral artery or the brachial artery, the thumb may be used. However, the thumb has its own pulse which can interfere with detecting the patient's pulse at other points, where two or three fingers should be used. Fingers or the thumb must be placed near an artery and pressed gently against a firm structure, usually a bone, in order to feel the pulse.
+
[[Category:Nutrition]]
 
+
[[Category:Diets]]
Make sure the person is calm and has been resting for 5 minutes before reading the pulse. Put the index and middle fingers over the pulse count, and count for 30 seconds, and afterwards multiply by 2, to get the pulse rate. If the person's pulse rate is irregular, count for a full minute, and do not multiply. Averaging multiple readings may give a more representative figure.
 
 
 
Home blood pressure measurement devices also typically give a pulse reading.
 
===Respiration Rate===
 
The human respiration rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and with other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing.
 
 
 
Average respiratory rate reported in a healthy adult at rest is usually given as 12 breaths per minute but estimates do vary between sources: e.g. 12–20 breaths per minute, 10–14, and between 16–18, etc. With such a slow rate, more accurate readings are obtained by counting the number of breaths over a full minute.
 
===Temperature===
 
See requirement 3 for this information.
 
 
 
==5. What is a communicable disease? How is it transmitted? What precautions should be followed to guard against communicable diseases? List safety measures to be observed when caring for a person with a communicable disease in the home.==
 
===Definition===
 
An infectious disease is a clinically evident disease resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. These pathogens are able to cause disease in animals and/or plants.
 
===Transmission===
 
Infectious pathologies are usually qualified as contagious diseases (also called communicable diseases) due to their potentiality of transmission from one person or species to another. Transmission of an infectious disease may occur through one or more of diverse pathways including physical contact with infected individuals. These infecting agents may also be transmitted through liquids, food, body fluids, contaminated objects, airborne inhalation, or through vector-borne spread.
 
===Infection Control===
 
'''Infection control and health care epidemiology'''
 
is the discipline concerned with preventing the spread of infections within the health-care setting.
 
As such, it is a practical (rather than an academic) sub-discipline of epidemiology.
 
It is an essential (though often underrecognized and undersupported) part of the infrastructure of health care.
 
Infection control and hospital epidemiology are akin to public health practice, practiced within the confines of a particular health-care delivery system rather than directed at society as a whole.
 
 
 
Infection control concerns itself both with prevention (hand hygiene/hand washing, cleaning/disinfection/sterilization, vaccination, surveillance) and with investigation and management of demonstrated or suspected spread of infection within a particular health-care setting (e.g. outbreak investigation). It is on this basis that the common title being adopted within health care is '''"Infection Prevention & Control".
 
 
 
===Infection control in healthcare facilities===
 
====Hand hygiene====
 
Independent studies by Ignaz Semmelweis in 1847 in Vienna and Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1843 in Boston established a link between the hands of health care workers and the spread of hospital-acquired disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that “It is well-documented that the most important measure for preventing the spread of pathogens is effective handwashing.”  In the United States, hand washing is mandatory in most health care settings and required by many different state and local regulations as well as good sense.
 
 
 
 
 
====Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization====
 
 
 
Sterilization is a process intended to kill all microorganisms and is the highest level of microbial kill that is possible. Sterilizers may be heat only, steam, or liquid chemical.  Effectivness of the sterilizer (often called an autoclave") is determined in three ways.  First by the mechanical indicators and gauges on the machine itself, second the heat sensitive indicators or tape on the sterilizing bag turn color, and thirdly and most importantly is the biological test. With the biological test, a highly heat and chemical resistant microorganism (often the bacterial endospore) is selected as the standard challenge. If the process kills this microorganism, the sterilizer is considered to be effective. It should be noted that in order to be effective, instruments must be cleaned, otherwise the debris may form a protective barrier, shielding the microbes from the lethal process. Similarly care must be taken after sterilization to ensure sterile instruments do not become contaminated prior to use.
 
 
 
Disinfection refers to the use of liquid chemicals on surfaces and at room temperature to kill disease causing microorganisms. Disinfection is a less effective process than sterilization because it does not kill bacterial endospores.
 
 
 
====Personal protective equipment====
 
[[Image:Disp-med-ppe.jpg|thumb|120px|Disposable PPE]]
 
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is specialized clothing or equipment worn by a worker for protection against a hazard. The hazard in a health care setting is exposure to blood, saliva, or other bodily fluids or aerosols that may carry infectious materials such as Hepatitis C, HIV, or other blood borne or bodily fluid pathogen. PPE prevents contact with a potentially infectious material by creating a physical barrier between the potential infectious material and the healthcare worker.
 
 
 
In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires the use of PPE by workers to guard against blood borne pathogens if there is a reasonably anticipated exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials.
 
 
 
Components of PPE include medical gloves, hospital gowns, bonnets, shoe covers, face shields, CPR masks, goggles, surgical masks, and respirators. How many components are used and how the components are used is often determined by regulations or the infection control protocol of the facility in question. Many or most of these items are disposable to avoid carrying infectious materials from one patient to another patient and to avoid difficult or costly disinfection. In the United States, OSHA requires the immediate removal and disinfection or disposal of worker's PPE prior to leaving the work area where exposure to infectious material took place.
 
 
 
====Vaccination of health care workers====
 
Health care workers may be exposed to certain infections in the course of their work.  Vaccines are available to provide some protection to workers in a healthcare setting. Depending on regulation, recommendation, the specific work function, or personal preference, healthcare workers or first responders may receive vaccinations for hepatitis B; influenza; measles, mumps and rubella; Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis; N. meningitidis; and varicella. In general, vaccines do not guarantee complete protection from disease, and there is potential for adverse effects from receiving the vaccine.
 
 
 
====Post exposure prophylaxis====
 
In some cases where vaccines do not exist Post Exposure prophylaxis is another method of protecting the health care worker exposed to a life threatening infectious disease. For example, the viral particles for HIV-AIDS can be precipitated out of the blood through the use of an antibody injection if given within 4 hours of a significant exposure.
 
 
 
==6. What symptoms tell you that a person is physically ill?==
 
==7. Know how to help take care of a newborn and an aged person in your home.==
 
Here are some reference articles:
 
* [http://www.ehow.com/how_2196774_babysit-newborn-up-age-one.html How to babysit a newborn]
 
* [http://health.msn.com/kids-health/articlepage.aspx?cp-documentid=100111171 Newborn care at MSN]
 
{{TODO|Replace links with content.  Links disappear.  Also, having the content here provides a single, easily printed reference. }}
 
 
 
==8. Know when and how to wash your hands when caring for a sick person.==
 
Hands should be washed after contact with any patient, and especially before contact is made with another patient.
 
 
 
The purpose of hand washing in the health care setting is to remove or destroy (disinfect) pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") to avoid transmitting them to a patient. The application of water alone is ineffective for cleaning skin because water is unable to remove fats, oils, and proteins, which are components of organic soil. Therefore, removal of microorganisms from skin requires the addition of soaps or detergents to water. Plain soap does not kill pathogens. However, the addition of antiseptic chemicals to soap ("medicated" or "antimicrobial" soaps) does confer killing action to a hand washing agent. Such killing action may be desired prior to performing surgery or in settings in which antibiotic-resistant organisms are highly prevalent.
 
 
 
The proper washing of hands in a medical setting generally consists of the use of generous amounts of soap and water to lather and rub each part of ones hands systematically for 15 to 20 seconds. Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking. If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush is often used to remove it. Finally, it is necessary to rinse well and wipe dry with a paper towel. After drying, a dry paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
 
 
 
All jewelry should be removed. When rinsing, ensure at all times that you do not allow water to drip from an unwashed area back to the hands.  This is why medical professionals hold their hands above their elbows between washing them and drying them. When done, the hands are dried with a sterile cloth.
 
 
 
==9. Know how to make a bedridden patient comfortable in bed.==
 
 
 
Use a draw sheet or a piece of cloth under the patient if available, so they can be turned and pulled up in bed with more ease, preventing friction on their skin.
 
 
 
Make sure the person is aligned properly, especially when on their back. 
 
 
 
Turn the patient every 2 hours during the day and at least 1 to 2 times during the night if possible. 
 
 
 
Prop the patient up prior to eating and a half hour afterwards if possible.  Otherwise turn the patient on their left side to eat if able.
 
 
 
Using a pillow between the knees while the patient is on his side can help prevent skin break down or creating a twist in the spine.
 
 
 
Have the patient by a window if possible or not contraindicated.
 
 
 
Have the things a patient can use within reach if applicable. 
 
 
 
Provide an atmosphere conducive to the patient's and families needs if possible.  Example, some people do better being in the middle of the daily activities or they may need a  quiet place.
 
 
 
Provide adequate nutrition and fluids if applicable.
 
 
 
Keep the patient clean.
 
 
 
Be respective of the patient's dignity.
 
 
 
==10. Show how to feed a helpless patient in bed.==
 
==11. Show how to give liquid medicine and tablets, pills, or capsules to children and adults. Know how to properly apply eye drops.==
 
===Administering Medicines===
 
 
 
===Applying Eye Drops===
 
 
 
:Instruct your patient of the procedure as appropriate.
 
:The head of your patient should be tipped back. Gently pull down on the skin below the eye and apply the drop in the pocket formed below the eyeball without touching the dropper on the patient.  Then gently apply pressure at the tear duct area with your finger when the patient closes their eye.  Instruct the patient not the squeeze their eye shut tight.
 
 
 
[[Image:Eye_iris.jpg|240px]]
 
<br style="clear:both">
 
 
 
==12. Demonstrate the method of giving fomentations and foot baths. Explain the value of their use and tell the conditions under which such treatments should be given.==
 
==13. Demonstrate the application of a heating compress and the use of heat and cold for the treatment of inflammation and bruises.==
 
 
 
=== 13a. Demonstrate the application of a heating compress ===
 
 
 
=== 13b. Demonstrate the use of heat and cold for the treatment of inflammation and bruises ===
 
: For a strained muscle or ligament, you should use ice or a cold pack immediately and for the next 36 hours. Do not use heat or a heating pad until swelling and bruising has stopped. Cold is used first to reduce swelling and inflammation. Apply cold (ice or an ice pack) for 20 minutes, remove for 20 minutes. Repeat every 4-6 hours. Put a thin towel to protect the skin. Do not put a cold pack or ice directly on the skin or you may get frostbite. After the bruising that comes along with the inflammation stops (1-3 days), use heat to relieve injury pain. Cold reduces inflammation. Heat improves circulation.
 
 
 
==14. Explain how the following natural remedies help in preventing disease: Note how the first letter of each item spells NEW START.==
 
;a. Nutrition: That's ''eating''. If you feed your body right, you're off to a good start. Just like you don't put sand into your gas tank, you should put the right fuel into your body.
 
;b. Exercise: If you don't use it, you lose it. Or someone said that or should have said that. Exercise improves the health of a body, of the mind, and of the spirit. This should include outdoor exercise.
 
;c. Water: Our body is 70 percent water. We need to drink enough water to keep hydrated. It also flushes out bad stuff.
 
;d. Sunshine: The sun is a major source of energy in our world. Sunlight is also important for the body's metabolic balance.
 
;e. Temperance: Too much of one thing is bad. We need to practice using good things in moderation.
 
;f. Air: What can one say. We need air. Find the best air you can breathe.  Do not smoke tobacco (or anything else), and avoid second-hand smoke.
 
;g. Rest: Rest allows the body to renew itself. Rest is important for health.
 
;h. Trust in God: Trust in God to lead you to the right choices.
 
 
 
==References==
 
 
 
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
 

Revision as of 22:47, 9 October 2008

A soft diet is recommended in many situations, including some types of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), surgery involving the jaw, mouth or gastrointestinal tract, and pain from newly adjusted dental braces.

A soft diet can include many foods if they are mashed or pureed, covered or placed with in sauces or gravy, or placed in soups, stews, chili, curries.

In some situations, there are additional restrictions. For example, patients who need to avoid excessive reflux, such as those recovering from esophageal surgery for achalasia, are also instructed to stay away from foods that can aggravate reflux, which include ketchup and other tomato products, citrus fruits, chocolate, mint, spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine.

Many of the foods listed here can be adapted for a "full liquid" diet (not a "clear liquid" diet) by processing in a blender with an appropriate thinning liquid, such as a vegetable or meat broth, fruit or vegetable juice, or milk.


Grains/starches

Protein

Fruits and vegetables

Desserts

Tips to increase calories

  • If you cannot face large meals, try to have 3-4 smaller meals daily with nourishing drinks or enriched soups in between.
  • Use cream or whole milk.
  • Add 4 tablespoons of powdered milk to 1 pint of whole milk.
  • Drinking Milk, add Ovaltine, Chocolate, Protein Powder or Powdered Milk.
  • Add grated cheese, butter, margarine, olive oil or mayonnaise to vegetables, potatoes or scrambled eggs.
  • Choose full fat or whole milk varieties of yogurt such as thick and creamy or Greek style.
  • Add cream to puddings, drinks or soup.
  • Add sugar, honey, syrup and seedless jam to cereals, drinks or puddings.
  • Add sauce topping and/or Whipped cream to Ice cream.
  • Soft canned fruit e.g. peaches, pears, mandarins served with evaporated milk or custard.
  • Add one tablespoon of olive oil, powdered milk, protein powder, or pasteurized egg whites to milkshakes or fruit smoothies.

Avoid

See also