Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Bats - Advanced/Answer Key"

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{{honor_header|2|2004|Nature|North American Division}}
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<languages /><br />
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<noinclude><translate><!--T:1-->
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</noinclude>
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{{honor_desc
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|stage=100
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|honorname=Bats - Advanced
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|skill=2
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|year=2004
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|category=Nature
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|authority=General Conference
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|insignia=Bats_Advanced.png
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}}
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{{Honor_Master|honor=Bats - Advanced|master=Naturalist|group=Fauna}}
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{{Honor_Master|honor=Bats - Advanced|master=Zoology|group=Fauna}}
  
== 1. Earn the Bats Honor. ==
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== 1. Earn the Bats Honor. == <!--T:2-->
{{ay prerequisite|Nature|Bats}}
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{{honor_prerequisite|category=Nature|honor=Bats}}
  
== 2. What are caves, attics, bridges, or tunnels where bats hibernate called? ==
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== 2. What are caves, attics, bridges, or tunnels where bats hibernate called? == <!--T:3-->
Roosts
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These places where bats sleep during the day or hibernate during the winter are called ''roosts''.
  
== 3. Give three (3) examples of colonizing bats. ==
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== 3. Give three (3) examples of colonizing bats. == <!--T:4-->
 
<gallery perrow=3>
 
<gallery perrow=3>
File:Txbats2lg.jpg|Mexican free-tailed bat (''Tadarida brasiliensis'')
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File:Tadarida brasiliensis.jpg|Mexican free-tailed bat (''Tadarida brasiliensis'')
 
File:Little Brown Bat FWS.jpg|Little brown bat (''Myotis lucifugus'')
 
File:Little Brown Bat FWS.jpg|Little brown bat (''Myotis lucifugus'')
File:Bat-capture-moth1nov2000 hi.jpg|Big Brown Bat (''Eptesicus fuscus'')  
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File:Big brown bat.jpg|Big Brown Bat (''Eptesicus fuscus'')  
 
File:Nycticeius humeralis Evening bat.JPG|Evening Bat (''Nycticeius humeralis'')
 
File:Nycticeius humeralis Evening bat.JPG|Evening Bat (''Nycticeius humeralis'')
 
File:Leptonycteris nivalis.jpg|Mexican Long-nosed bats (''Leptonycteris spp.'')
 
File:Leptonycteris nivalis.jpg|Mexican Long-nosed bats (''Leptonycteris spp.'')
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Other examples of colonizing bats include Rafinesque's big-eared bat (''Corynorhinus rafinesquii'') and the southeastern myotis (''Myotis austroriparius''), which are not pictured.
 
Other examples of colonizing bats include Rafinesque's big-eared bat (''Corynorhinus rafinesquii'') and the southeastern myotis (''Myotis austroriparius''), which are not pictured.
  
== 4. Give three (3) examples of solitary roosting bats. ==
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== 4. Give three (3) examples of solitary roosting bats. == <!--T:5-->
Spotted Bat (rare); Red Bat; Silver-haired Bat; Hoary Bat; Western Red Bat. More information can be found at http://www.xpressweb.com/~talon/BatsinAz/furred.html
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<gallery>
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File:C-red-bat.jpg|Eastern Red Bat
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File:Lasiurus blossevillii2.jpg|Western Red Bat
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File:Lasionycteris noctivagans1.jpg|Silver-haired Bat
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File:Hoary bat.jpg|Hoary Bat
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</gallery>
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<!--T:6-->
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More information can be found at http://www.xpressweb.com/~talon/BatsinAz/furred.html
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== 5. What is meant by delayed implantation? == <!--T:7-->
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Delayed implantation is a reproductive strategy used by close to 100 different mammals in seven different orders. In delayed implantation, the embryo does not immediately implant in the uterus, but is maintained in a state of dormancy. No development takes place as long as the embryo remains unattached to the uterine lining. As a result, the normal gestation period is extended, sometimes up to a year.
  
== 5. What is meant by delayed implantation? ==
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== 6. How long is the gestation period for bats? == <!--T:8-->
The gestation periods of bats are relatively long, ranging from about 44 days to 8 months in various species. Few produce more than a single offspring each year, and the young tend to mature slowly. The reproductive cycles of most species follow general mammalian patterns, but exceptions exist. Most interesting are certain Temperate Zone species that hibernate during the winter months. Copulation occurs prior to hibernation, and sperm are retained within the females throughout the hibernation period. Fertilization occurs when the ovum is released from the ovary after the bats arouse in the spring. This is called delayed fertilization. A variant of this pattern is observed in one European genus, in which copulation, ovulation, and early development of the embryo all occur in normal sequence immediately prior to hibernation, but the embryo experiences developmental arrest before uterine attachment. It remains free and undeveloped
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The gestation period lasts from 44 days to 8 months.
until after the torpid mother resumes normal metabolism in spring. This is called delayed
 
implantation.
 
Quoted from: The Virtual Zoo: http://library.thinkquest.org/11922/mammals/bats.htm
 
  
== 6. How long is the gestation period for bats? ==
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== 7. What is bat guano and why was it important during the War of 1812 and the Civil War? == <!--T:9-->
44 days to 8 months (see above)
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Bat guano is bat droppings (feces). Among bat colonies, thousands of pounds of guano can accumulate. During the American War of 1812 and the American Civil War, bat guano was used to make gunpowder, since the primary component of guano is saltpeter – the primary ingredient in gunpowder.
  
== 7. What is bat guano and why was it important during the War of 1812 and the Civil War? ==
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== 8. What disease can be contracted from large quantities of guano? == <!--T:10-->
Bat guano is bat dropping (feces). Among bat colonies, thousands of pounds of guano can accumulate. During the American War of 1812 and the American Civil War, bat guano was used to make gunpowder, since the primary component of guano is saltpeter–the primary ingredient in gunpowder.
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Histoplasmosis, also known as Darling's disease, is a disease caused by the fungus ''Histoplasma capsulatum''. Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease primarily affects the lungs. Occasionally, other organs are affected; this is called disseminated histoplasmosis, and it can be fatal if untreated. Histoplasmosis is common among AIDS patients because of their lowered immune system.
More info online at: http://www.chiropteraphilia.com/cavehistory.html
 
  
== 8. What disease can be contracted from large quantities of guano? ==
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<!--T:11-->
Histoplasmosis, a fungal disease that affects the respiratory systems of humans. (see online sources for more details)
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''H. capsulatum'' grows in soil and material contaminated with bird or bat droppings (guano). The fungus has been found in poultry house litter, caves, areas harboring bats, and in bird roosts (particularly those of starlings).
  
== 9. What is the life-span of a bat? ==
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== 9. What is the life-span of a bat? == <!--T:12-->
 
Most bats live longer than most mammals of their size. The longest known lifespan of a bat in the wild is 30 years for a little brown bat.
 
Most bats live longer than most mammals of their size. The longest known lifespan of a bat in the wild is 30 years for a little brown bat.
  
== 10. Do all bats have rabies? ==
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== 10. Do all bats have rabies? == <!--T:13-->
Many people do not like bats and are afraid of them because they think all bats have rabies. Rabies is a virus that is transmitted to animals and people through animal bites. A study by the University of Florida has shown less than one-half of 1 percent of all bats have rabies. It is more likely for a person to be bitten by an unvaccinated dog or cat.
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In regions where rabies is endemic, only 0.5% of bats carry the disease. However, of the few cases of rabies reported in the United States every year not caused by dogs, most are caused by bat bites. Those that are rabid may be clumsy, disoriented, and unable to fly, which makes it more likely that they will come into contact with humans. Although one should not have an unreasonable fear of bats, one should avoid handling them or having them in one's living space, as with any wild animal. If a bat is found in living quarters near a child, mentally handicapped person, intoxicated person, sleeping person, or pet, the person or pet should receive immediate medical attention for rabies. Bats have very small teeth and can bite a sleeping person without being felt.
Excerpted from http://www.Pagewise.com
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<!--T:14-->
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Where rabies is not endemic, as throughout most of Western Europe, small bats can be considered harmless. Larger bats can give a nasty bite. They should be treated with the respect due to any wild animal.
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<!--T:15-->
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From 1951 through 2012, 54 Americans are believed to have contracted rabies from bats in the United States. That is a very small number. With or without bats in your yard, the most important action you can take to protect your family from rabies is to vaccinate your family dogs and cats.
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== 11. How good is the vision of microbats and megabats? == <!--T:16-->
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Although the eyes of most microbat species are small and poorly developed, leading to poor visual acuity, none of them are blind. Vision is used to navigate microbats especially for long distances when beyond the range of echolocation. It has even been discovered that some species are able to detect ultraviolet light. They also have a high quality sense of smell and hearing. Bats hunt at night to avoid competition with birds, and travel large distances at most 800 km, in their search for food.
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<!--T:17-->
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Most megabats have large eyes, allowing them to orient visually in the twilight of dusk and inside caves and forests. In contrast to the microbats, the fruit bats do not, as a rule, use echolocation (with one exception, the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus egyptiacus, which uses high-pitched clicks to navigate in caves).
  
== 11. How good is the vision of microbats and megabats? ==
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== 12. What North American bat is pictured on the honor? == <!--T:18-->
In addition to their incredible echolocation abilities, bats also process visual information -- contrary to popular belief, most bats have fairly acute vision. They use echolocation in conjunction with vision, not instead of it.
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The Eastern Red Bat is depicted on the honor patch. They are widespread across eastern North America, with additional records in Bermuda. It is also scarce but widespread throughout many of the Bahamian islands.
More Bat vision Information at: http://science.howstuffworks.com/bat2.htm
 
  
== 12. What North American bat is pictured on the honor? ==
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==References== <!--T:19-->
Red Bat
 
==References==
 
 
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
 
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Completed Honors|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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<noinclude></translate></noinclude>

Revision as of 23:40, 9 September 2017

Other languages:
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Template:Honor desc Template:Honor Master Template:Honor Master

1. Earn the Bats Honor.

For tips and instruction see Bats.

2. What are caves, attics, bridges, or tunnels where bats hibernate called?

These places where bats sleep during the day or hibernate during the winter are called roosts.

3. Give three (3) examples of colonizing bats.

Other examples of colonizing bats include Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) and the southeastern myotis (Myotis austroriparius), which are not pictured.

4. Give three (3) examples of solitary roosting bats.

More information can be found at http://www.xpressweb.com/~talon/BatsinAz/furred.html

5. What is meant by delayed implantation?

Delayed implantation is a reproductive strategy used by close to 100 different mammals in seven different orders. In delayed implantation, the embryo does not immediately implant in the uterus, but is maintained in a state of dormancy. No development takes place as long as the embryo remains unattached to the uterine lining. As a result, the normal gestation period is extended, sometimes up to a year.

6. How long is the gestation period for bats?

The gestation period lasts from 44 days to 8 months.

7. What is bat guano and why was it important during the War of 1812 and the Civil War?

Bat guano is bat droppings (feces). Among bat colonies, thousands of pounds of guano can accumulate. During the American War of 1812 and the American Civil War, bat guano was used to make gunpowder, since the primary component of guano is saltpeter – the primary ingredient in gunpowder.

8. What disease can be contracted from large quantities of guano?

Histoplasmosis, also known as Darling's disease, is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease primarily affects the lungs. Occasionally, other organs are affected; this is called disseminated histoplasmosis, and it can be fatal if untreated. Histoplasmosis is common among AIDS patients because of their lowered immune system.

H. capsulatum grows in soil and material contaminated with bird or bat droppings (guano). The fungus has been found in poultry house litter, caves, areas harboring bats, and in bird roosts (particularly those of starlings).

9. What is the life-span of a bat?

Most bats live longer than most mammals of their size. The longest known lifespan of a bat in the wild is 30 years for a little brown bat.

10. Do all bats have rabies?

In regions where rabies is endemic, only 0.5% of bats carry the disease. However, of the few cases of rabies reported in the United States every year not caused by dogs, most are caused by bat bites. Those that are rabid may be clumsy, disoriented, and unable to fly, which makes it more likely that they will come into contact with humans. Although one should not have an unreasonable fear of bats, one should avoid handling them or having them in one's living space, as with any wild animal. If a bat is found in living quarters near a child, mentally handicapped person, intoxicated person, sleeping person, or pet, the person or pet should receive immediate medical attention for rabies. Bats have very small teeth and can bite a sleeping person without being felt.

Where rabies is not endemic, as throughout most of Western Europe, small bats can be considered harmless. Larger bats can give a nasty bite. They should be treated with the respect due to any wild animal.

From 1951 through 2012, 54 Americans are believed to have contracted rabies from bats in the United States. That is a very small number. With or without bats in your yard, the most important action you can take to protect your family from rabies is to vaccinate your family dogs and cats.

11. How good is the vision of microbats and megabats?

Although the eyes of most microbat species are small and poorly developed, leading to poor visual acuity, none of them are blind. Vision is used to navigate microbats especially for long distances when beyond the range of echolocation. It has even been discovered that some species are able to detect ultraviolet light. They also have a high quality sense of smell and hearing. Bats hunt at night to avoid competition with birds, and travel large distances at most 800 km, in their search for food.

Most megabats have large eyes, allowing them to orient visually in the twilight of dusk and inside caves and forests. In contrast to the microbats, the fruit bats do not, as a rule, use echolocation (with one exception, the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus egyptiacus, which uses high-pitched clicks to navigate in caves).

12. What North American bat is pictured on the honor?

The Eastern Red Bat is depicted on the honor patch. They are widespread across eastern North America, with additional records in Bermuda. It is also scarce but widespread throughout many of the Bahamian islands.

References