Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Shoe Repair/Answer Key"

From Pathfinder Wiki
< AY Honors‎ | Shoe RepairAY Honors/Shoe Repair/Answer Key
(revert vandalism by 216.162.30.2)
m (spelling)
Line 6: Line 6:
  
 
==== Insole ====
 
==== Insole ====
The insole is the interior bottom of the shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and repalceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons. (To control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe, for example.)
+
The insole is the interior bottom of the shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons. (To control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe, for example.)
  
 
==== Mid-sole ====
 
==== Mid-sole ====
The mid-sole is a layer situated between the in-sole and the out-sole, found in some shoes. Often it will provide cusioning and shape to the in-sole.
+
The mid-sole is a layer situated between the in-sole and the out-sole, found in some shoes. Often it will provide cushioning and shape to the in-sole.
  
 
[[Image:bristol.zoo.crocshoes.arp.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England]]
 
[[Image:bristol.zoo.crocshoes.arp.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England]]
  
 
==== Outsole ====
 
==== Outsole ====
The outsole is the layer in  direct contact with the ground.  The material of the outsole varies depending on the function, dressiness, and quality of the shoe, but is generally very durable material, since it experiences the most stress.  Dressier shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic immitation.  The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials.  Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style.  Specialized shoes will often have distinct modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes empedded in the outsole to grip the ground.
+
The outsole is the layer in  direct contact with the ground.  The material of the outsole varies depending on the function, dressiness, and quality of the shoe, but is generally very durable material, since it experiences the most stress.  Dressier shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation.  The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials.  Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style.  Specialized shoes will often have distinct modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground.
  
 
=== Heel ===
 
=== Heel ===
Line 23: Line 23:
  
 
=== Laces ===
 
=== Laces ===
A shoelace is a long piece of string or cord that hold a shoe closed. Usually it is attached by being threaded through a series of small holes in the shoe, called eyelets.  To aid this, many shoeslaces are tipped with small solid plastic bits called aglets.
+
A shoelace is a long piece of string or cord that hold a shoe closed. Usually it is attached by being threaded through a series of small holes in the shoe, called eyelets.  To aid this, many shoelaces are tipped with small solid plastic bits called aglets.
  
 
=== Tongue ===
 
=== Tongue ===
Line 30: Line 30:
 
==2. What is the difference between hand-turned soles, Goodyear welt soles, and McKay sewed soles? Which is the easiest to repair?==
 
==2. What is the difference between hand-turned soles, Goodyear welt soles, and McKay sewed soles? Which is the easiest to repair?==
 
;Hand-turned soles:  This type of shoe is built inside-out using a form called a ''last.''  A ''last'' is a foot-shaped tool, traditionally made of wood.  After the uppers are made and stitched together, they are removed from the ''last'', turned inside-out, and the sole is attached.  The sole is of one piece - the topside of the sole serves as the insole, and the bottom side serves as the outsole.   
 
;Hand-turned soles:  This type of shoe is built inside-out using a form called a ''last.''  A ''last'' is a foot-shaped tool, traditionally made of wood.  After the uppers are made and stitched together, they are removed from the ''last'', turned inside-out, and the sole is attached.  The sole is of one piece - the topside of the sole serves as the insole, and the bottom side serves as the outsole.   
;Goodyear welt soles: In a shoe of this type, the uppers, insole, and midsole are stiched on to the outsole.  This is the most secure way to attach the sole.  the insoles are built in to the shoe rather than being inserted after the rest of the shoe has been built.  The upper is drawn over the sole and held temporarily while a strip of leather (the welt) is stitched to the upper and inner sole.  The sole is hand-stitched through the Welt to complete the process. This construction allows multiple sole replacements, extending the life of the footwear.
+
;Goodyear welt soles: In a shoe of this type, the uppers, insole, and midsole are stitched on to the outsole.  This is the most secure way to attach the sole.  the insoles are built in to the shoe rather than being inserted after the rest of the shoe has been built.  The upper is drawn over the sole and held temporarily while a strip of leather (the welt) is stitched to the upper and inner sole.  The sole is hand-stitched through the Welt to complete the process. This construction allows multiple sole replacements, extending the life of the footwear.
 
;McKay sewed soles: Ten years after the invention of the sewing machine, Gordon McKay introduced a device for machine-stitching a shoe's upper to its sole.
 
;McKay sewed soles: Ten years after the invention of the sewing machine, Gordon McKay introduced a device for machine-stitching a shoe's upper to its sole.
  
Line 48: Line 48:
 
Most of us are familiar with the liquid shoe polish products that come in a bottle with a brush built into the lid.  These polishes work well enough, but the polish only barely penetrates the surface of the leather and has to be re-applied frequently.  It is better to use a show paste, but best to use a shoe cream.  Whichever you choose, you will have to match the color of the product to the color of the shoe.  Test in an inconspicuous area to make sure that you have a good color match.  Apply shoe cream with a soft cloth and rub it in well.  Then let it dry thoroughly.  Once dry, you can go over it again with a soft cloth to bring out the shine.
 
Most of us are familiar with the liquid shoe polish products that come in a bottle with a brush built into the lid.  These polishes work well enough, but the polish only barely penetrates the surface of the leather and has to be re-applied frequently.  It is better to use a show paste, but best to use a shoe cream.  Whichever you choose, you will have to match the color of the product to the color of the shoe.  Test in an inconspicuous area to make sure that you have a good color match.  Apply shoe cream with a soft cloth and rub it in well.  Then let it dry thoroughly.  Once dry, you can go over it again with a soft cloth to bring out the shine.
 
;Weatherproof:
 
;Weatherproof:
If you are more interested in protecting the shoes than in making them look good, you can use beeswax to wetherproof them.  Beeswax will change the look of the shoe, but it is most excellent for keeping the water out.  This would be a good choice for work or hiking boots.  For dress shoes, you will want to use a spray-on product which goes on invisibly.  It will protect your shoes from incidental contact with water, but you should not rely on this stuff for wading through puddles.
+
If you are more interested in protecting the shoes than in making them look good, you can use beeswax to weatherproof them.  Beeswax will change the look of the shoe, but it is most excellent for keeping the water out.  This would be a good choice for work or hiking boots.  For dress shoes, you will want to use a spray-on product which goes on invisibly.  It will protect your shoes from incidental contact with water, but you should not rely on this stuff for wading through puddles.
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
Line 54: Line 54:
 
*[http://www.knappstore.com/features.asp Knappstore.com] Explanation of Goodyear welt soles.
 
*[http://www.knappstore.com/features.asp Knappstore.com] Explanation of Goodyear welt soles.
 
*[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/topics/shoe.htm Shoe Links]
 
*[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/topics/shoe.htm Shoe Links]
 
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
 

Revision as of 15:06, 14 March 2007

Template:Honor header

1. Name at least five essential parts of a shoe and explain their uses.

Sole

The bottom of a shoe, which supports the wearer's foot, is named the sole. It usually consists of several layers, and is usually a separate piece from the upper shoe (though not always, as in the case of wooden shoes).

Insole

The insole is the interior bottom of the shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons. (To control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe, for example.)

Mid-sole

The mid-sole is a layer situated between the in-sole and the out-sole, found in some shoes. Often it will provide cushioning and shape to the in-sole.

Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England

Outsole

The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. The material of the outsole varies depending on the function, dressiness, and quality of the shoe, but is generally very durable material, since it experiences the most stress. Dressier shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have distinct modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground.

Heel

Some shoes have a distinctive raised heel; often this is a separate piece from the outsole and can be replaced. Leather was used in the past, and is still used in some performance tennis shoes, but harder materials are usually more desirable. Plastic, rubber, or polymer materials are now also used. Fortified cork is sometimes used in heels or soles so the shoes are lightweight.

Vamp, or upper

Any shoe also has an upper part that separates the foot from the air, and helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place under the foot. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most mens shoes, will usually have a more complex upper.

Laces

A shoelace is a long piece of string or cord that hold a shoe closed. Usually it is attached by being threaded through a series of small holes in the shoe, called eyelets. To aid this, many shoelaces are tipped with small solid plastic bits called aglets.

Tongue

In some shoes and boots the tongue is a flap-like, usually flexible, part that goes underneath the laces.

2. What is the difference between hand-turned soles, Goodyear welt soles, and McKay sewed soles? Which is the easiest to repair?

Hand-turned soles
This type of shoe is built inside-out using a form called a last. A last is a foot-shaped tool, traditionally made of wood. After the uppers are made and stitched together, they are removed from the last, turned inside-out, and the sole is attached. The sole is of one piece - the topside of the sole serves as the insole, and the bottom side serves as the outsole.
Goodyear welt soles
In a shoe of this type, the uppers, insole, and midsole are stitched on to the outsole. This is the most secure way to attach the sole. the insoles are built in to the shoe rather than being inserted after the rest of the shoe has been built. The upper is drawn over the sole and held temporarily while a strip of leather (the welt) is stitched to the upper and inner sole. The sole is hand-stitched through the Welt to complete the process. This construction allows multiple sole replacements, extending the life of the footwear.
McKay sewed soles
Ten years after the invention of the sewing machine, Gordon McKay introduced a device for machine-stitching a shoe's upper to its sole.

3. Properly wax the thread, and with two needles or waxed ends, mend a pair of shoes that have rips in them. Use the double-stitch method of sewing.

4. Satisfactorily half-sole a pair of shoes by nailing the soles on. Make sure the nails are of the proper length.

5. Fit and attach a pair of rubber heels.

6. What kind of leather should be used in repairing the soles of shoes? How is such leather generally tanned?

7. Specify at least three factors that should be taken into account in the selection of shoes.

8. Spend a minimum of five hours observing shoe repair specialists at their work shop.

9. Write or tell the examiners the proper methods of cleaning and caring for shoes.

Keep your shoes looking their best by using a cedar shoe tree. These are foot-shaped blocks of cedar wood that fit inside the shoe. Cedar absorbs moisture and salt which can damage your shoes. Clean shoes right away when they become dirty. There are four basic steps in caring for smooth leather shoes: clean, condition, polish, and weatherproof.

Clean

First you should lay some newspapers out on your work area and remove the laces from the shoes. Brush the dirt off with a soft brush, and then apply saddle soap or leather cleaner to the shoe with a soft cloth (you can use a shoe shine cloth or an old T-shirt). Work it in, and then start to shine the shoe.

Condition

Once the shoe has been cleaned, you can apply a conditioner. You can buy cleaners with conditioners in them, but you'll get better results using a separate conditioner. The conditioner is worked into the leather just as the cleaner was, and it helps to moisturize the leather to prevent cracking. In dry climates, you may need to condition your shoes more often.

Polish

Most of us are familiar with the liquid shoe polish products that come in a bottle with a brush built into the lid. These polishes work well enough, but the polish only barely penetrates the surface of the leather and has to be re-applied frequently. It is better to use a show paste, but best to use a shoe cream. Whichever you choose, you will have to match the color of the product to the color of the shoe. Test in an inconspicuous area to make sure that you have a good color match. Apply shoe cream with a soft cloth and rub it in well. Then let it dry thoroughly. Once dry, you can go over it again with a soft cloth to bring out the shine.

Weatherproof

If you are more interested in protecting the shoes than in making them look good, you can use beeswax to weatherproof them. Beeswax will change the look of the shoe, but it is most excellent for keeping the water out. This would be a good choice for work or hiking boots. For dress shoes, you will want to use a spray-on product which goes on invisibly. It will protect your shoes from incidental contact with water, but you should not rely on this stuff for wading through puddles.

References