Pathfinder Wiki - User contributions [en]

AY Honors/Cold Weather Survival/Answer Key

2015-11-02T03:39:13Z

NoCoErik: /* a. Build 3 shelters such as: a snow cave, a shelter with tree branches, a shelter with a tarp or rain poncho. Include proper placement of your fire in each situation. */

<languages /><br />
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{honor_desc
|stage=50
|honorname=Cold Weather Survival
|skill=1
|year=2013
|category=Recreation
|authority=General Conference
|insignia=Cold_Weather_Survival.png
}}
{{Honor Master|honor={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|3}}|master=Wilderness}}

==1. Know three most important survival items that you can carry in your pocket.== 
===a. Fire Starter - such as waterproof matches, lighter, flint & magnesium ===
===b. Knife or multi-tool===
===c. Survival whistle===

==2. Research and discuss the following regarding cold weather apparel.== 
===a. Benefits and disadvantages of clothing made of wool, polypropylene, cotton, nylon or combinations. How does each type affect the body when it is wet? What other/newer clothing materials are recommended for cold weather survival? Why?===
General principle here is how the material interacts with water, either perspiration or external water. The key is to stay '''dry.'''
Materials like wool, polypropylene and nylons do not absorb (hold) water/moisture. Moisture in fabric quickly wicks away heat from the body. This is why these materials are preferred for winter use. Cotton is '''not''' recommended for cold weather wear since it will absorb and hold moisture, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the material to keep a person warm. In extremely cold weather, fabric that gets wet (from sweat or otherwise) can actually freeze and stiffen making it both very cold and very inconvenient.

While down is a wonderful natural material, it can absorb moisture too (though some very new treatments minimize this). Down gets its warmth from its loft, or fluffiness. If down is compressed, it has little to no insulating value. If down is moist (even from heavy perspiration), it can lose much of its insulating quality as well. Down is best saved for use when heavy exertion is not expected, or as a top layer in a very carefully planned, layered system. Down makes a very poor base layer.

Another factor to consider is how fast an article of clothing will dry once wet. Synthetics tend to dry much faster than cotton, even in the cold. Generally speaking, cotton is a poor choice for cold weather use where it cannot be dried easily.

===b. Benefits of layering clothing. What clothing materials work next to your skin? On the outer levels? In-between? Why?===
Benefits of layering: the ability to modulate (change) the warmth of clothing easily. Example of NOT layering: tee shirt and heavy winter parka. If one is on a pack trip, or snowshoeing with a backpack, or digging a snow cave, the options are 1. Jacket on, or 2. Jacket off. While one could unzip the jacket, it's still either on or off. That may bee too hot in some situations, leading to sweating. Sweat = moisture on the skin = cold camper.

A good layered system may consist of a thin '''base layer''': polypro tee shirt. If there is one layer that should NOT be cotton, this is the layer. Base layer needs to be a material that will not absorb moisture. Nylon, polypro, and even modern wool are good base layers. This does not have to be expensive outdoor-specific fabric; a simple athletic tee shirt will do. '''Mid layer''': long sleeve polypro or nylon or wool shirt (ideally any layer above base layer has at least a zip T neck zipper; this is very useful in modulating temperature without removing the layer). '''Insulation layer''': if the camper is not expecting exertion and perspiration, this may be something like a down sweater or coat (but not one with a heavy outer layer). Or, a layer of synthetic fleece. '''Top layer''': this is either a wind-stopping membrane shell or waterproof shell. A top layer with a built in hood adds extra warmth and protection from the elements.

Ideally, the insulation layer is adjustable for warmth with a full-length zipper. If the insulation layer gets too warm, one can unzip it while still under the top layer. Or the top layer can be removed and the insulation layer worn by itself on top. Or, if conditions are a bit wet or windy but not cold, one can remove the insulation layer and wear the top layer on top of the mid layer. Outer jackets that feature adjustable cuffs, full-length zipper, and pit-zips (zippers that go under the arm pits) are very adjustable to allow ventilation and a great degree of fine tuning for comfort. The key is to have the ability to change the warmth and breathability of the clothing without only an On/Off option. In winter conditions, one may have to modify the layering/performance of clothing a dozen times in a day to keep the warmth/moisture balance correct.

Generally speaking, one can be much warmer with multiple thin layers with less bulk than a single heavy layer too. This, plus the ability to fine-tune warmth makes layering the best choice.

It's important to remember headgear. Some moderation of headgear is useful too. Some serious cold-weather enthusiasts carry several hats of varying thickness and swap them out (or layer them) as conditions merit. Consider a thin, wool or polypro base layer for cool weather or base layer, and top layer hat of some wind-stopping material with insulating properties. Some hats have ear flaps that can be tied down or flipped up to moderate temperature. The ability to modulate head temperature is probably the fastest and easiest way to modify overall temperature and comfort.

Feet and hands can benefit from layering too. One is better off with multiple layers of thin socks (which also helps prevent blisters) than one pair of super thick socks. Same principles apply with socks as upper body: wool or polypro are great base layers; cotton is not good. How do you layer for hands? Glove liners. Glove liners are really thin gloves that can be worn below regular gloves or mittens. They are a huge asset when someone has to remove a pair of heavy gloves or mittens for a job requiring dexterity because glove liners minimize the instant freeze of either exposure or conductivity (that is touch) when in the cold air or handling freezing equipment.

==3. Choose from some of the items on the following list and create your own survival kit that can be carried in a Hydro-pack or Fanny-pack. Tell how each item would be useful.== 
;Survival Whistle:
;Fire Starter:
;Tinder (dryer lint, candle):
;Water:
;High calorie energy bar:
;Flashlight or headlamp:
;Compass:
;Pocket Knife / multi-tool:
;Mylar Emergency Sleeping Bag:
;Hand warmers:
;First aid supplies:
;Compact Folding Shovel:
;This Honor Sheet:
;Rain Poncho / Small Tarp:
;Cell phone, GPS, FRS Radio:
;Signal Flare:
===Other items you might consider===
The items listed above are part of this honor's requirements, but they are not an exhaustive list of items that would be useful in a cold weather survival situation. You might also consider these items:


;Large Trash Bag: can be used as a emergency shelter. Cutting a breathing hole near the bottom of the bag lets you cover your head and save a lot of heat.
;Bright Colored Jello: spread on the snow is a good signal to air search and rescue teams (if it is not snowing).
;Avalanche Transceivers: send out a radio signal helping buddies with another unit locate exactly where the sending unit is located.
;Avalanche Airbags: help someone "float" near the top of an avalanche.
;PLB (Personal Locator Beacon): these are not dependent on a cell phone signal and can be used to call in a full-fledged rescue effort. They require registration of the unit with then NOAA, and are to be used only in serious rescue situations only. But they can save a life, and should be considered for expeditions where help may not be readily available.

==4. Discuss the hazards of hypothermia, a condition in which the body’s core temperature drops below the required temperature for normal metabolism and body functions. Body temperature is usually maintained near a constant level of 98–100 °F.== 
;a. MILD symptoms: If exposed to cold and the internal mechanisms are unable to replenish the heat that is being lost, a drop in core temperature occurs. Characteristic symptoms occur such as uncontrollable shivering.
;b. MODERATE symptoms: Surface blood vessels contract further as the body focuses its remaining resources on keeping the vital organs warm. The victim becomes pale. Lips, ears, fingers and toes may become blue.
;c. SEVERE symptoms: Difficulty in speaking, sluggish thinking, and amnesia. Inability to use hands and stumbling are also present. The exposed skin becomes blue and puffy, muscle coordination becomes very poor, walking becomes almost impossible, and the victim exhibits incoherent/irrational behavior. Major organs fail. Clinical death occurs.

==5. Discuss with your group each phrase of the following statement.<br>''“One of the most difficult survival situations is cold weather. Cold is a far greater threat to survival than it appears. It decreases your ability to think. It weakens your will to do anything except get warm. It numbs the mind and body. It subdues the will to survive.”''== 

==6. Discuss the following:== 
===a. Why you need calories.===
===b. The Buddy System and why it is important===

==7. Memorize the Hypothermia “Umbles” and which stage they occur in: (Mumble, Grumble, Fumble, Stumble Tumble).== 
The "umbles" show that a person is being adversely affected by the cold. It begins with the loss of physical coordination (stumbles, fumbles, and tumbles). This progresses to the loss of mental acuity (grumbles and mumbles).<ref>[http://www.npr.org/blogs/theprotojournalist/2014/01/26/265455459/warning-in-bitter-cold-beware-the-umbles Warning: In Bitter Cold, Beware the 'Umbles']</ref>

==8. Watch a quality video/documentary on Survival and Hypothermia == 
Cold water hypothermia aboard a ship. University of Alaska, Kodiak Community College.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39KlHi-p_fI


MedWild has a number of good videos on wilderness survival and medicine including altitude, frostbite, hypothermia, etc..


https://www.youtube.com/user/MedWildVideos


By Nature's Rules is a hypothermia training movie from the 1970s but is still good.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66glbp6jC3c


Hug-A-Tree and Survive (Canada) Search and Rescue.


https://www.adventuresmart.ca/kids/hugatree.htm

==9. Contact your local Search & Rescue and ask them to speak to your club.== 


Remember that SAR are volunteers that give tirelessly of their time and money to training and helping people who are in trouble. Respect their time and be thankful.

==10. Review and demonstrate the following instructions for survival and rescue.== 
===a. Evaluate to determine if you are lost.===
===b. Blow your whistle. Remember that three of anything is universally recognized as a call for help.===
When choosing a cold-weather survival whistle, consider a pea-less whistle. If one is blowing warm, damp air into a whistle with a pea -- it is possible that the pea becomes frozen in place and greatly diminishes the value of the whistle.

===c. (If you are cold, wet or hungry skip this step, build a fire and spend the night). Mark your location with something unmistakable. Venture out, and circle your marker while blowing your whistle and praying. Move your marker when you recognize something or if you lose sight of the marker. ===
Most hardware stores sell lightweight, bright plastic ribbon that comes in a roll (yellow, day-glo green, orange, or pink). 20' to 40' of ribbon weighs almost nothing, but could be very valuable in marking your path, making it easier for rescuers to find your trail, or for *you* to find your trail again. Tie 6" on a twig and you have a bright, weatherproof marker.

===d. Light a fire and build a shelter if it is afternoon (timing is dependent on your specific gear and environment). Stop trying to find your way out and plan to spend the night. Remember that possibly nobody is looking for you yet. Your ability to start a fire and be prepared for the night can make the difference between living and dying. Fire can provide warmth, companionship, comfort and safety. Your smoke and flames may signal a rescuer.===

==11. Practice the following survival skills on a club outing.== 
===a. Finding direction without a compass.===
===b. Starting a fire using: Flint & magnesium, steel wool & battery.===
===c. Keeping a fire going using fuzz sticks, shaved sticks, moss, your tinder. Practice in wet conditions.===
===d. Demonstrating how to build a rescue fire (lots of smoke)===

==12. Complete the following Group Activity or its equivalent within a Cold Weather Survival context.== 
===a. Build 3 shelters such as: a snow cave, a shelter with tree branches, a shelter with a tarp or rain poncho. Include proper placement of your fire in each situation. ===
Be VERY cautious with fire in a snow cave or igloo. Fire consumes oxygen and leaves carbon monoxide which has no odor or sign, but can kill occupants. It has killed outdoorsmen before. Ventilation (and LOTS of it) is essential when something as little small camp stove is used in a semi-enclosed area. Even the smallest campfire is not advised in a snow cave for many reasons (carbon monoxide, too much heat, and melting issues among them).

In snowy conditions tree wells can provide excellent shelter from the wind. Tree wells are the area right next to the tree trunk where the upper branches catch or shed the snow, leaving a hole next to the trunk. These can be very deep at times.

Be aware of snow in branches above any fire. The warmth of your fire can begin to melt the snow and cause a mini-avalanche -- right on top of you and your fire.

===b. Make your own fire starter using items such as paper egg carton, sawdust and wax, or other materials of your choosing that will last at least 10 minutes.===
====Paper egg carton, sawdust, and wax====
For this fire starter you will need to melt some wax. Use a double boiler for this so that you do not accidentally ignite the wax. While the wax is melting, fill each compartment of the egg carton (make sure it's a paper-based egg carton) with sawdust. Fill them all the way to the top, but do not pack the sawdust in. When the wax is fully liquified, pour it into the sawdust and allow it to soak all the way through. Once the wax hardens, cut the compartments apart. You only need one of these to get a fire going.

====Cotton balls and petroleum jelly==== 
Another great fire starter is made by working petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline) into a cotton ball. Store these in a water-tight container so that you don't get petroleum jelly all over everything in your pack. These will light even when wet, and they will burn for at least ten minutes.

==13. Use the following subjects for worship talks:== 
===Spiritual Hypothermia===
===Spiritually Lost===
===Spiritual Preparedness.===

==14. Memorize at least two Bible texts that you feel might bring you comfort in a Cold Weather Survival situation such as {{bible link|Psalms 34:7}}; {{Bible link|Matthew 28:20}}.== 

==References== 
<references/>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Compare to this honor version: http://www.pathfinderconnection.com/uploads/3/2/1/3/3213915/winter_wilderness_survival.pdf

AY Honors/Cold Weather Survival/Answer Key

2015-11-02T03:30:24Z

NoCoErik: /* c. (If you are cold, wet or hungry skip this step, build a fire and spend the night). Mark your location with something unmistakable. Venture out, and circle your marker while blowing your whistle and praying. Move your marker when you recognize so...

<languages /><br />
<noinclude><translate>
</noinclude>
{{honor_desc
|stage=50
|honorname=Cold Weather Survival
|skill=1
|year=2013
|category=Recreation
|authority=General Conference
|insignia=Cold_Weather_Survival.png
}}
{{Honor Master|honor={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|3}}|master=Wilderness}}

==1. Know three most important survival items that you can carry in your pocket.== 
===a. Fire Starter - such as waterproof matches, lighter, flint & magnesium ===
===b. Knife or multi-tool===
===c. Survival whistle===

==2. Research and discuss the following regarding cold weather apparel.== 
===a. Benefits and disadvantages of clothing made of wool, polypropylene, cotton, nylon or combinations. How does each type affect the body when it is wet? What other/newer clothing materials are recommended for cold weather survival? Why?===
General principle here is how the material interacts with water, either perspiration or external water. The key is to stay '''dry.'''
Materials like wool, polypropylene and nylons do not absorb (hold) water/moisture. Moisture in fabric quickly wicks away heat from the body. This is why these materials are preferred for winter use. Cotton is '''not''' recommended for cold weather wear since it will absorb and hold moisture, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the material to keep a person warm. In extremely cold weather, fabric that gets wet (from sweat or otherwise) can actually freeze and stiffen making it both very cold and very inconvenient.

While down is a wonderful natural material, it can absorb moisture too (though some very new treatments minimize this). Down gets its warmth from its loft, or fluffiness. If down is compressed, it has little to no insulating value. If down is moist (even from heavy perspiration), it can lose much of its insulating quality as well. Down is best saved for use when heavy exertion is not expected, or as a top layer in a very carefully planned, layered system. Down makes a very poor base layer.

Another factor to consider is how fast an article of clothing will dry once wet. Synthetics tend to dry much faster than cotton, even in the cold. Generally speaking, cotton is a poor choice for cold weather use where it cannot be dried easily.

===b. Benefits of layering clothing. What clothing materials work next to your skin? On the outer levels? In-between? Why?===
Benefits of layering: the ability to modulate (change) the warmth of clothing easily. Example of NOT layering: tee shirt and heavy winter parka. If one is on a pack trip, or snowshoeing with a backpack, or digging a snow cave, the options are 1. Jacket on, or 2. Jacket off. While one could unzip the jacket, it's still either on or off. That may bee too hot in some situations, leading to sweating. Sweat = moisture on the skin = cold camper.

A good layered system may consist of a thin '''base layer''': polypro tee shirt. If there is one layer that should NOT be cotton, this is the layer. Base layer needs to be a material that will not absorb moisture. Nylon, polypro, and even modern wool are good base layers. This does not have to be expensive outdoor-specific fabric; a simple athletic tee shirt will do. '''Mid layer''': long sleeve polypro or nylon or wool shirt (ideally any layer above base layer has at least a zip T neck zipper; this is very useful in modulating temperature without removing the layer). '''Insulation layer''': if the camper is not expecting exertion and perspiration, this may be something like a down sweater or coat (but not one with a heavy outer layer). Or, a layer of synthetic fleece. '''Top layer''': this is either a wind-stopping membrane shell or waterproof shell. A top layer with a built in hood adds extra warmth and protection from the elements.

Ideally, the insulation layer is adjustable for warmth with a full-length zipper. If the insulation layer gets too warm, one can unzip it while still under the top layer. Or the top layer can be removed and the insulation layer worn by itself on top. Or, if conditions are a bit wet or windy but not cold, one can remove the insulation layer and wear the top layer on top of the mid layer. Outer jackets that feature adjustable cuffs, full-length zipper, and pit-zips (zippers that go under the arm pits) are very adjustable to allow ventilation and a great degree of fine tuning for comfort. The key is to have the ability to change the warmth and breathability of the clothing without only an On/Off option. In winter conditions, one may have to modify the layering/performance of clothing a dozen times in a day to keep the warmth/moisture balance correct.

Generally speaking, one can be much warmer with multiple thin layers with less bulk than a single heavy layer too. This, plus the ability to fine-tune warmth makes layering the best choice.

It's important to remember headgear. Some moderation of headgear is useful too. Some serious cold-weather enthusiasts carry several hats of varying thickness and swap them out (or layer them) as conditions merit. Consider a thin, wool or polypro base layer for cool weather or base layer, and top layer hat of some wind-stopping material with insulating properties. Some hats have ear flaps that can be tied down or flipped up to moderate temperature. The ability to modulate head temperature is probably the fastest and easiest way to modify overall temperature and comfort.

Feet and hands can benefit from layering too. One is better off with multiple layers of thin socks (which also helps prevent blisters) than one pair of super thick socks. Same principles apply with socks as upper body: wool or polypro are great base layers; cotton is not good. How do you layer for hands? Glove liners. Glove liners are really thin gloves that can be worn below regular gloves or mittens. They are a huge asset when someone has to remove a pair of heavy gloves or mittens for a job requiring dexterity because glove liners minimize the instant freeze of either exposure or conductivity (that is touch) when in the cold air or handling freezing equipment.

==3. Choose from some of the items on the following list and create your own survival kit that can be carried in a Hydro-pack or Fanny-pack. Tell how each item would be useful.== 
;Survival Whistle:
;Fire Starter:
;Tinder (dryer lint, candle):
;Water:
;High calorie energy bar:
;Flashlight or headlamp:
;Compass:
;Pocket Knife / multi-tool:
;Mylar Emergency Sleeping Bag:
;Hand warmers:
;First aid supplies:
;Compact Folding Shovel:
;This Honor Sheet:
;Rain Poncho / Small Tarp:
;Cell phone, GPS, FRS Radio:
;Signal Flare:
===Other items you might consider===
The items listed above are part of this honor's requirements, but they are not an exhaustive list of items that would be useful in a cold weather survival situation. You might also consider these items:


;Large Trash Bag: can be used as a emergency shelter. Cutting a breathing hole near the bottom of the bag lets you cover your head and save a lot of heat.
;Bright Colored Jello: spread on the snow is a good signal to air search and rescue teams (if it is not snowing).
;Avalanche Transceivers: send out a radio signal helping buddies with another unit locate exactly where the sending unit is located.
;Avalanche Airbags: help someone "float" near the top of an avalanche.
;PLB (Personal Locator Beacon): these are not dependent on a cell phone signal and can be used to call in a full-fledged rescue effort. They require registration of the unit with then NOAA, and are to be used only in serious rescue situations only. But they can save a life, and should be considered for expeditions where help may not be readily available.

==4. Discuss the hazards of hypothermia, a condition in which the body’s core temperature drops below the required temperature for normal metabolism and body functions. Body temperature is usually maintained near a constant level of 98–100 °F.== 
;a. MILD symptoms: If exposed to cold and the internal mechanisms are unable to replenish the heat that is being lost, a drop in core temperature occurs. Characteristic symptoms occur such as uncontrollable shivering.
;b. MODERATE symptoms: Surface blood vessels contract further as the body focuses its remaining resources on keeping the vital organs warm. The victim becomes pale. Lips, ears, fingers and toes may become blue.
;c. SEVERE symptoms: Difficulty in speaking, sluggish thinking, and amnesia. Inability to use hands and stumbling are also present. The exposed skin becomes blue and puffy, muscle coordination becomes very poor, walking becomes almost impossible, and the victim exhibits incoherent/irrational behavior. Major organs fail. Clinical death occurs.

==5. Discuss with your group each phrase of the following statement.<br>''“One of the most difficult survival situations is cold weather. Cold is a far greater threat to survival than it appears. It decreases your ability to think. It weakens your will to do anything except get warm. It numbs the mind and body. It subdues the will to survive.”''== 

==6. Discuss the following:== 
===a. Why you need calories.===
===b. The Buddy System and why it is important===

==7. Memorize the Hypothermia “Umbles” and which stage they occur in: (Mumble, Grumble, Fumble, Stumble Tumble).== 
The "umbles" show that a person is being adversely affected by the cold. It begins with the loss of physical coordination (stumbles, fumbles, and tumbles). This progresses to the loss of mental acuity (grumbles and mumbles).<ref>[http://www.npr.org/blogs/theprotojournalist/2014/01/26/265455459/warning-in-bitter-cold-beware-the-umbles Warning: In Bitter Cold, Beware the 'Umbles']</ref>

==8. Watch a quality video/documentary on Survival and Hypothermia == 
Cold water hypothermia aboard a ship. University of Alaska, Kodiak Community College.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39KlHi-p_fI


MedWild has a number of good videos on wilderness survival and medicine including altitude, frostbite, hypothermia, etc..


https://www.youtube.com/user/MedWildVideos


By Nature's Rules is a hypothermia training movie from the 1970s but is still good.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66glbp6jC3c


Hug-A-Tree and Survive (Canada) Search and Rescue.


https://www.adventuresmart.ca/kids/hugatree.htm

==9. Contact your local Search & Rescue and ask them to speak to your club.== 


Remember that SAR are volunteers that give tirelessly of their time and money to training and helping people who are in trouble. Respect their time and be thankful.

==10. Review and demonstrate the following instructions for survival and rescue.== 
===a. Evaluate to determine if you are lost.===
===b. Blow your whistle. Remember that three of anything is universally recognized as a call for help.===
When choosing a cold-weather survival whistle, consider a pea-less whistle. If one is blowing warm, damp air into a whistle with a pea -- it is possible that the pea becomes frozen in place and greatly diminishes the value of the whistle.

===c. (If you are cold, wet or hungry skip this step, build a fire and spend the night). Mark your location with something unmistakable. Venture out, and circle your marker while blowing your whistle and praying. Move your marker when you recognize something or if you lose sight of the marker. ===
Most hardware stores sell lightweight, bright plastic ribbon that comes in a roll (yellow, day-glo green, orange, or pink). 20' to 40' of ribbon weighs almost nothing, but could be very valuable in marking your path, making it easier for rescuers to find your trail, or for *you* to find your trail again. Tie 6" on a twig and you have a bright, weatherproof marker.

===d. Light a fire and build a shelter if it is afternoon (timing is dependent on your specific gear and environment). Stop trying to find your way out and plan to spend the night. Remember that possibly nobody is looking for you yet. Your ability to start a fire and be prepared for the night can make the difference between living and dying. Fire can provide warmth, companionship, comfort and safety. Your smoke and flames may signal a rescuer.===

==11. Practice the following survival skills on a club outing.== 
===a. Finding direction without a compass.===
===b. Starting a fire using: Flint & magnesium, steel wool & battery.===
===c. Keeping a fire going using fuzz sticks, shaved sticks, moss, your tinder. Practice in wet conditions.===
===d. Demonstrating how to build a rescue fire (lots of smoke)===

==12. Complete the following Group Activity or its equivalent within a Cold Weather Survival context.== 
===a. Build 3 shelters such as: a snow cave, a shelter with tree branches, a shelter with a tarp or rain poncho. Include proper placement of your fire in each situation. ===
===b. Make your own fire starter using items such as paper egg carton, sawdust and wax, or other materials of your choosing that will last at least 10 minutes.===
====Paper egg carton, sawdust, and wax====
For this fire starter you will need to melt some wax. Use a double boiler for this so that you do not accidentally ignite the wax. While the wax is melting, fill each compartment of the egg carton (make sure it's a paper-based egg carton) with sawdust. Fill them all the way to the top, but do not pack the sawdust in. When the wax is fully liquified, pour it into the sawdust and allow it to soak all the way through. Once the wax hardens, cut the compartments apart. You only need one of these to get a fire going.

====Cotton balls and petroleum jelly==== 
Another great fire starter is made by working petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline) into a cotton ball. Store these in a water-tight container so that you don't get petroleum jelly all over everything in your pack. These will light even when wet, and they will burn for at least ten minutes.

==13. Use the following subjects for worship talks:== 
===Spiritual Hypothermia===
===Spiritually Lost===
===Spiritual Preparedness.===

==14. Memorize at least two Bible texts that you feel might bring you comfort in a Cold Weather Survival situation such as {{bible link|Psalms 34:7}}; {{Bible link|Matthew 28:20}}.== 

==References== 
<references/>
<noinclude></translate></noinclude>
Compare to this honor version: http://www.pathfinderconnection.com/uploads/3/2/1/3/3213915/winter_wilderness_survival.pdf

User talk:Jomegat

2015-11-01T03:19:00Z

NoCoErik: /* Revision */

<div style="text-align: center" class="usermessage">I watch talk pages where I have recently left messages. Please reply in the same section to make discussion easier to follow.<br />
If you leave a message on this page, I'll reply to it here.</div>

===Revision===
Sorry, I must have hit a link by mistake. Didn't notice it until now. --[[User:W126jep|w126jep]] ([[User talk:W126jep|talk]]) 23:32, 8 November 2014 (EST)
:Yeah, that's what I figured. No problem! --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] ([[User talk:Jomegat|talk]]) 00:27, 9 November 2014 (EST)
I'm brand new to this Pathfinder Wiki thing and unsure of how to contact you for clarification of how I can/should do edits. I added info to the Cold Weather Survival honor just today. Some was kept, and a huge portion deleted. Unsure why, and not interested in adding more if it'll be deleted. I welcome correction and tutorial as to how to do this within bounds and be useful. Or… maybe this is out of bounds for me and I should stay off. Do clarify. Not sure how I'll even find this discussion again. I can be reached at erik AT stenbakken DOT com if I cannot find this again.

===Transparent backgrounds===

Thanks for fixing up the SPD honors to make the backgrounds transparent. The 9 ADRA honor images have the same issue. [[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] 01:59, 17 April 2014 (EDT)
:OK, I'll see if I can get to that tonight. It was easy compared to when the wiki first opened here and I had nearly 400 to do. That took a little longer! --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 16:00, 17 April 2014 (EDT)

===New SPD Honors===
each of the new spd honors has complete answers on the spd site. can we copy them in? [[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] 02:05, 17 April 2014 (EDT)
:That depends on them. Did they license them in a way that we can do that? When they began their exercise of revamping everything a couple of years ago they asked if they could use the wiki answers. Of course the answer was "of course, you just have to keep the CC-BY-SA license." They were delighted, and they did exactly that. I don't know if they maintained the spirit of openness with their material. I'll look into it tonight (or you could). --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 16:03, 17 April 2014 (EDT)
::Nope. From their website:

{| border=1 cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" width="90%" bgcolor="#202020"
|-
!style="background:#e0e0ff"|
Copyright
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::CC-BY-SA requires that we be able to use it for any purpose whatsoever, including commercially. We can't change that because those are the terms we inherited from Wikibooks/Wikipedia. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 16:11, 17 April 2014 (EDT)
:::Hmm I have been thinking we should delete Wikibooks as it is increasingly not complete and not the best answers anymore. Ibfound wikibooks first and started editing there - how many users end up there and find what they need?
::::Deleting things at WB is not that easy - the WB community has to vote to approve it, and it can only be done by an adminstrator. I dropped my admin privs there some time ago. I still keep an eye on it, import worthwhile edits, ignore inconsequential ones, and fix wrong ones. When I see someone making good edits there I contact them and tell them about this site. Sometimes they respond, and sometimes they do not. It would be nice if it were no longer with us, or if the WB community would allow an off-site redirect. I just don't think they would. Also, (not that you were suggesting this) that would not lift our obligation to continue licensing under CC-BY-SA. Those are the terms under which most of our content was derived, so we are bound by that. IMO, that's a Good Thing. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 21:39, 17 April 2014 (EDT)
We could just ask SPD permission tobcopy here - they might say say yes. I will contact SPD before writing new answers. [[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] 21:32, 17 April 2014 (EDT)
:Yes, but when you ask, you need to make it clear that we would want to relicense it under CC-BY-SA. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 21:39, 17 April 2014 (EDT)
::a few things. For the moment I directed people to the SPD site for the Chistian Worship honor. No point redoing something that is well done while we have other honors without answers. We could claim copyright on the questions at Wikibooks and delete them, which would make the answers pretty useless. I patrolled all the requirement changes very carefully. All good now. I also found a dairy farmer freind that should be able to help finish the last of the Outdoor Industries honors off. Getting pretty close to finishing Outreach section too.
:::I would really rather not make copyright claims on WB to get the old work deleted. When I began the work there, I was worried that the NAD might do just that, and I was reasonably certain that my use of the requirements fell under "Fair Use" and I was ready to defend it on those grounds. As it turns out, my fears were not unjustified. There were people in the NAD who were pushing to do exactly that, but others in the Youth department who fought fiercely to defend what I had done and prevented that from happening. I would have been devastated. Further, the NAD once deleted the PF forum without warning. It took us a year to get it restored, but by then it was too late. We had a thriving community there, and that action killed it. There are still a few in the NAD who view the whole wiki concept as flawed, and if they ever managed to push that view through, this site would likely be gone in an instant. I would like to have the old one there to fall back on. For that reason, I make regular backups of this site. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 17:04, 26 April 2014 (EDT)

===Radio===

http://www.investitureachievement.org/wiki/index.php/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Vocational/Radio header should link to the Advanced honor. Can't figure out how to change it. [[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] 12:52, 3 April 2014 (EDT)

:The honor_header template has some code in it to look for "<pagename> - Advanced". If it finds it, it links to it. The Radio - Advanced honor had been misnamed (no hyphen) so the code couldn't find it. I've moved the page now, so it works. Thanks for pointing it out! --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 21:54, 3 April 2014 (EDT)

==Sharks==
Can you change http://www.investitureachievement.org/wiki/index.php/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Sharks to http://www.investitureachievement.org/wiki/index.php/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/'''Nature/'''Sharks [[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] 02:36, 17 March 2013 (EDT)
:Hi, JadeDragon. I did that on purpose. I intend over the course of the next couple of months to move all the honors out from under their categories and place them directly under the root level. The reasons for this are that it will make it a lot easier to link between honors if we remove that level of hierarchy, and it will not really mess anything up. Another reason is that the NAD Honors Taskforce approved a new honor last week but did not yet decided on which category it will be assigned. It will probably go into a new category named "Heritage," and there are several other honors that will be moved there with it. We expect there will also be a Heritage Master Award forthcoming. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 09:14, 17 March 2013 (EDT)
::However - that's a lot of work, so I want to stew on it for a little while before I act. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 09:17, 17 March 2013 (EDT)
:::Great, thanks for the insight. Agreed - much easier to interlink, but lots of work to change all the links. If you decide to proceed let me know, and how to do it. I'm happy to divide the categories up between us and tackle the job.[[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] 21:12, 20 March 2013 (EDT)
::::I think I'm going to want to stew on it longer. It would be an incredible amount of work, and I'm not sure that it would even lend itself to automation. The honors themselves wouldn't be that hard, but some honors have submodules that have relative links. I think it might be best to move Sharks into the Nature category for now (and maybe forever). --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 21:19, 20 March 2013 (EDT)

:::::I see you copied me a bit on the honors listing :D I just felt it took up less space visually, and less scrolling to put the honor patches :) [[User:Bluescifiworm|Bluescifiworm]] 00:35, 6 June 2013 (EDT)
::::::Yup. I wasn't going to list mine at all, but liked the way you had done it so much I changed my mind. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 06:28, 6 June 2013 (EDT)

== Images for the radio electronics honor ==

I noticed that most of the images in the radio electronics honor are missing, presumably due to the transfer to the current wiki. Do you know if they are still available?
:Yes, they are still available, and your guess is correct. This was one of the first honors I tried to answer at Wikibooks, so not knowing better, I uploaded the images to Wikibooks instead of to Wikimedia Commons. I will upload them to our wiki in a few minutes.
:Incidentally, I designed (and tested) the circuits in these missing images, so if you have questions, feel free to ask. Thanks for pointing out that these were missing! --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 18:51, 10 March 2014 (EDT)
:: Thanks. It might be good to add some more resources either to requirement 8 or to a new "resources" section at the end. Places like Adafruit.com and Sparkfun.com have kits and tutorials available. In addition eBay can be a great place to order components for much cheaper than the normal sources like digikey, mouser, etc...
:: I would like to put together one or more new honors dealing with more modern electronics like microcontrolers and stuff. there are so many great things that can be done easily now that weren't available to most people 20+ years ago.--[[Special:Contributions/206.210.161.13|206.210.161.13]] 15:52, 11 March 2014 (EDT)

::: Those are good ideas. I had been toying with the concept of a few honors like that, but hadn't considered an honor based around products such as the RasPi, Arduino, or Adafruit (et al). I had been thinking more along the lines of Digital Electronics, which would deal with logic gates. I do get to sit in on the NAD Honors Task Force (though I couldn't make it this year). I'll see if I can dig up the guidelines for submitting new honors and post them here.

:::As for modifying the answers in requirement 8 or adding a resources section I say... go for it. This is a Wiki, and you have edit privileges already. Here are a couple of honors I had been thinking of:
*Digital Electronics
*Microcontrollers (well... that's your idea, but I like having one list)
*Programming
*Soldering (not sure that would be a whole honor, but... maybe it could be. It could also be a requirement in one).

:::There have been noises on writing a Robotics honor too. The one I saw was going to require Lego Mindstorms, which I think would be a mistake. Having requirements that can be met with Mindstorms is OK, but requiring a particular brand... not cool, and definitely prone to built-in obsolescence. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 16:43, 11 March 2014 (EDT)

:::: The problem I was having was coming up with a name for the honor. Digital Electronics was one I thought about but I wasn't sure about it since I thought microcontrollers might be beyond just digital electronics, but it was the best one I had thought of. Maybe the basic honor could deal with the simple components: logic gates, 555s, etc... and an advanced honor could deal with microcontrollers, or maybe it should be the other way around, it might be simpler to do stuff with a Pic, Stamp, or Arduino and then the advanced honor could deal with the components. The obsolescence issue is a huge one, maybe "radio electronics" should be renamed.:)
:::: Soldering is one of the requirements for the radio electronics honor. Maybe an advanced honor could be added that included more soldering, surface mount maybe, plus other things like creating PCBs.
:::: I always thought it would be fun to have a programming honor that could be done in any language, and have language pins like the stars and diamonds, that could be applied to the patch for different languages.
:::: There is a proposed robotics honor requirement on the [http://www.adventistroboticsleague.net/ Adventist Robotics League] website, but it needs some work. I also got some requirements for several proposed honors from Mark, but they all needed work in my opinion. I agree that specifying the mindstorms is an issue, though it should definitely be named as an example in the honor answers.
:::: I haven't updated anything yet because I haven't had time, and I hadn't gotten around to creating an account on this wiki yet. Anyway I have an account now, so I'll try to make some updates. One question I did have about updates, is would it be possible for you to recreate the symbols and schematics in a format that doesn't have a black background? They are a bit harder to read that way when you try to print them. I'm not sure what you created them with so I don't know how hard it would be to recreate them.--[[User:MrJoe|MrJoe]] 00:43, 12 March 2014 (EDT)
:::::I created them with gEda, but I don't know if I still have the source files. I'll dig around for them when I get home tonight. If worse came to worse, it would not be that hard to recreate them from scratch. They are (by design) not complicated circuits.
:::::I like the idea of language pins, but since that deviates from any established practice, it would be a lot more difficult to get the honors committee on board.
:::::I would prefer to have digital electronics preceed microcontrollers, as it would tend to remove the "magic." Having even a loose graps of the fundamentals would allow the student to create and/or interface peripherals to the microcontroller. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 13:40, 12 March 2014 (EDT)
::::::An exhaustive search of my archives came up empty. If we want schematics with a white background, we'll have to create them from scratch. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] 11:17, 13 March 2014 (EDT)

== Outreach Honors ==

Been away for a bit - popped in and saw this diff = http://www.investitureachievement.org/wiki/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Outreach&diff=64480&oldid=64479 which does not say what I think you mean to say. Also as a Pathfinder in Canada - what group should I go for? [[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] 02:07, 11 August 2014 (EDT)

== Lego design and Adventist Heritage ==

Just wanted to let you know that the patch color for the Lego Design honor is the wrong color. It is currently dark blue (outreach) and should be light blue for Arts and Crafts. If you want, I can fix it in photoshop and upload the new one this weekend. Also, the link for the Adventist Church Heritage Award (Not the honor version) is broken. [[User:Bluescifiworm|Bluescifiworm]] 14:39, 16 September 2014 (EDT)

It's been fixed - never mind :) [[User:Bluescifiworm|Bluescifiworm]] 15:06, 16 September 2014 (EDT)

== Request for a table ==

Can you put this content into a table? It could be 3 or 4 columns wide and take up far less space. Struggling with that. http://www.investitureachievement.org/wiki/index.php/Investiture_Achievement/Req2Texts [[User:JadeDragon|JadeDragon]] ([[User talk:JadeDragon|talk]]) 20:51, 2 November 2014 (EST)