AY Honors/Biochemistry/Answer Key - Revision history

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Nitahughes at 06:18, 24 February 2020

2020-02-24T06:18:10Z

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 ==5. Explain how the glucose pathway occurs.== <!--T:17-->
 It is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates; eg protein breakdown products (certain amino acids), glycerol from breakdown of triglycerides (lipids) and from other steps in metabolism including pyruvate and lactate.
-[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gluconeogenesis_pathway.png]
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 ==6. Which human cells depend only on this pathway for energy?== <!--T:18-->

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 ==11. Why are lipids, and not glucose, used for energy storage?== <!--T:23-->
-The total energy gained from one (six-carbon) molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation equals about 30 ATP molecules. The number of ATP molecules derived from a 6 carbon segment of a fatty acid chain is 40. So lipids are more efficient for energy storage.
+The total energy gained from one (six-carbon) molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation equals about 30 ATP molecules. The number of ATP molecules derived from the same number of carbon atoms in a fatty acid chain is 40. So lipids are more efficient for energy storage.
 ==12. What is beta oxidation? Why does this pathway receive this name?== <!--T:24-->

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	==11. Why are lipids, and not glucose, used for energy storage?== <!--T:23-->		==11. Why are lipids, and not glucose, used for energy storage?== <!--T:23-->
		+	The total energy gained from one (six-carbon) molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation equals about 30 ATP molecules. The number of ATP molecules derived from a 6 carbon segment of a fatty acid chain is 40. So lipids are more efficient for energy storage.

	==12. What is beta oxidation? Why does this pathway receive this name?== <!--T:24-->		==12. What is beta oxidation? Why does this pathway receive this name?== <!--T:24-->

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 ==8. What is the importance of the Krebs Cycle?== <!--T:20-->
-The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle after its discoverer '''Hans Adolf Krebs''') is a crucial metabolic pathway that takes the breakdown products from the food we eat (proteins, fats and sugars) and produces  three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP molecule. the NADH and FADH2 are fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway producing ATP the body's main energy storage molecule. NADH and FADH generate 2.5 and 1.5 ATP molecules respectively in oxidative phosphorylation. GTP can also be used to form an extra ATP.
+The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle after its discoverer '''Hans Adolf Krebs''') is a crucial metabolic pathway that takes the breakdown products from the food we eat (proteins, fats and sugars) and produces three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP molecule. the NADH and FADH2 are fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway producing ATP the body's main energy storage molecule. NADH and FADH generate 2.5 and 1.5 ATP molecules respectively in oxidative phosphorylation. GTP can also be used to form an extra ATP.
 Citric acid cycle intermediates also also starting products for many important biosynthetic processes.

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 The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle after its discoverer '''Hans Adolf Krebs''') is a crucial metabolic pathway that takes the breakdown products from the food we eat (proteins, fats and sugars) and produces  three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP molecule. the NADH and FADH2 are fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway producing ATP the body's main energy storage molecule. NADH and FADH generate 2.5 and 1.5 ATP molecules respectively in oxidative phosphorylation. GTP can also be used to form an extra ATP.
-Citric acid cycle intermediates also also starting products for many important biosynthetic processes; eg.
+Citric acid cycle intermediates also also starting products for many important biosynthetic processes.
-fatty acid synthesis and the production of cholesterol, which in turn, is used to synthesise the steroid hormones, bile salts, and vitamin D;
+Fatty acid synthesis and the production of cholesterol, which in turn, is used to synthesise the steroid hormones, bile salts, and vitamin D.
-non-essential amino acids proline, glutamine and arginine the last two are converted to form the purines that are used as the bases in DNA and RNA, as well as in ATP, AMP, GTP, NAD, FAD and CoA;
+Non-essential amino acids proline, glutamine and arginine the last two are converted to form the purines that are used as the bases in DNA and RNA, as well as in ATP, AMP, GTP, NAD, FAD and CoA.
-aspartate from oxaloacetate can be converted unto the pyrimidines- thymine, cytosine and uracil, the complementary bases to the purine bases in DNA and RNA, and are also components of CTP, UMP, UDP and UTP;
+Aspartate from oxaloacetate can be converted unto the pyrimidines- thymine, cytosine and uracil, the complementary bases to the purine bases in DNA and RNA, and are also components of CTP, UMP, UDP and UTP.
-porphyrins from succinyl-CoA are important components of the hemoproteins, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin and various cytochromes.
+Porphyrins from succinyl-CoA are important components of the hemoproteins, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin and various cytochromes.
 ==9. What is the function of lipids?== <!--T:21-->

AY Honors/Biochemistry/Answer Key - Revision history

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