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	<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Field_Guide%2FBirds%2FBonasa_umbellus</id>
	<title>Field Guide/Birds/Bonasa umbellus - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Field_Guide%2FBirds%2FBonasa_umbellus"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-06T03:43:39Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=572729&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>W126jep: - Category of AYHAB</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=572729&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2022-07-15T00:41:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;- Category of AYHAB&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:41, 15 July 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot; &gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring to attract females for mating. Females nest on the ground, typically laying 6-8 eggs.  Grouse spend most of their time on the ground, and when surprised, may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring to attract females for mating. Females nest on the ground, typically laying 6-8 eggs.  Grouse spend most of their time on the ground, and when surprised, may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>W126jep</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39679&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: 80 revisions: re-import from WB, including edit history</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39679&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-07-05T19:00:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;80 revisions: re-import from WB, including edit history&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:00, 5 July 2012&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39678&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: moved Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed Grouse to Field Guide/Birds/Bonasa umbellus: move to FG</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39678&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-10-01T23:55:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;moved &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed_Grouse&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed Grouse (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed Grouse&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/w/Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&quot; title=&quot;Field Guide/Birds/Bonasa umbellus&quot;&gt;Field Guide/Birds/Bonasa umbellus&lt;/a&gt;: move to FG&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Bird_id&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;br /&gt;
| latin_name = Bonasa umbellus&lt;br /&gt;
| level = 4&lt;br /&gt;
| image_1 = Ruffed grouse NPS.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| caption_1 = Ruffed Grouse&lt;br /&gt;
| description = The '''Ruffed Grouse''', ''Bonasa umbellus'', is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests across Canada and the Appalachian and northern United States including Alaska.  They are non-migratory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse have two distinct color phases, grey and red. In the grey phase, adults have a long square brownish tail with barring and a black subterminal band near the end. The head, neck and back are grey-brown; they have a light breast with barring. The ruffs are located on the sides of the neck. These birds also have a &amp;quot;crest&amp;quot; on top of their head, which sometimes lays flat.  Both sexes are similarly marked and sized, making them difficult to tell apart, even in hand.  The female often has a broken subterminal tail band, while males often have unbroken tail bands.  Another fairly accurate method for sexing ruffed grouse involves inspection of the rump feathers. Feathers with a single white dot indicate a female, feathers with more than one white dot indicate that the bird is a male. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse have never been successfully bred in captivity.    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These birds forage on the ground or in trees. They are omnivores, eating  buds, leaves, berries, seeds, and insects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring to attract females for mating. Females nest on the ground, typically laying 6-8 eggs.  Grouse spend most of their time on the ground, and when surprised, may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39676&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: | level = 4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39676&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-03-28T01:43:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;| level = 4&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:43, 28 March 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l2&quot; &gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| latin_name = Bonasa umbellus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| latin_name = Bonasa umbellus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| level = 4&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| image_1 = Ruffed grouse NPS.jpg&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| image_1 = Ruffed grouse NPS.jpg&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| caption_1 = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| caption_1 = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39675&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat at 17:19, 22 March 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39675&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-03-22T17:19:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:19, 22 March 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l2&quot; &gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 2:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| latin_name = Bonasa umbellus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| latin_name = Bonasa umbellus&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| image_1 = &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;RuffedGrouse23&lt;/del&gt;.jpg&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| image_1 = &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ruffed grouse NPS&lt;/ins&gt;.jpg&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| caption_1 = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| caption_1 = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| description = The '''Ruffed Grouse''', ''Bonasa umbellus'', is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests across Canada and the Appalachian and northern United States including Alaska.  They are non-migratory.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| description = The '''Ruffed Grouse''', ''Bonasa umbellus'', is a medium-sized grouse occurring in forests across Canada and the Appalachian and northern United States including Alaska.  They are non-migratory.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39674&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: dewikify</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39674&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-03-22T17:00:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;dewikify&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:00, 22 March 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Taxobox&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Bird_id&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| color = pink&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;status &lt;/del&gt;= &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;LC&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;latin_name &lt;/ins&gt;= &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Bonasa umbellus&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;image &lt;/del&gt;= RuffedGrouse23.jpg&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;image_1 &lt;/ins&gt;= RuffedGrouse23.jpg&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;regnum &lt;/del&gt;= &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Animal]]ia&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;caption_1 &lt;/ins&gt;= &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ruffed &lt;/ins&gt;Grouse&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;description &lt;/ins&gt;= The '''Ruffed Grouse''', ''Bonasa umbellus'', is a medium-sized grouse &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;occurring &lt;/ins&gt;in forests across Canada and the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Appalachian &lt;/ins&gt;and northern United States including Alaska.  They are non-migratory.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| classis = [[Aves]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| ordo = [[Galliformes]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| familia = [[&lt;/del&gt;Grouse&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;|Tetraonidae]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| genus = ''[[Bonasa]]''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| species = '''''B. umbellus'''''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;binomial &lt;/del&gt;= &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''Bonasa umbellus''&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''Ruffed Grouse''', ''Bonasa umbellus'', is a medium-sized &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;grouse&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] occuring &lt;/del&gt;in forests across &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Canada&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/del&gt;and the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;appalachian &lt;/del&gt;and northern &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;United States&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/del&gt;including &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Alaska&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/del&gt;.  They are non-migratory.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ruffed Grouse have two distinct color phases, grey and red. In the grey phase, adults have a long square brownish tail with barring and a black subterminal band near the end. The head, neck and back are grey-brown; they have a light breast with barring. The ruffs are located on the sides of the neck. These birds also have a &amp;quot;crest&amp;quot; on top of their head, which sometimes lays flat.  Both sexes are similarly marked and sized, making them difficult to tell apart, even in hand.  The female often has a broken subterminal tail band, while males often have unbroken tail bands.  Another fairly accurate method for sexing ruffed grouse involves inspection of the rump feathers. Feathers with a single white dot indicate a female, feathers with &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;1 &lt;/del&gt;white dot &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to &lt;/del&gt;indicate that the bird is a male.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ruffed Grouse have two distinct color phases, grey and red. In the grey phase, adults have a long square brownish tail with barring and a black subterminal band near the end. The head, neck and back are grey-brown; they have a light breast with barring. The ruffs are located on the sides of the neck. These birds also have a &amp;quot;crest&amp;quot; on top of their head, which sometimes lays flat.  Both sexes are similarly marked and sized, making them difficult to tell apart, even in hand.  The female often has a broken subterminal tail band, while males often have unbroken tail bands.  Another fairly accurate method for sexing ruffed grouse involves inspection of the rump feathers. Feathers with a single white dot indicate a female, feathers with &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;more than one &lt;/ins&gt;white dot indicate that the bird is a male.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ruffed Grouse have never been successfully bred in captivity.     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ruffed Grouse have never been successfully bred in captivity.     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These birds forage on the ground or in trees. They are &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[omnivore]]s&lt;/del&gt;, eating  buds, leaves, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Berry|&lt;/del&gt;berries&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[seed]]s&lt;/del&gt;, and &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[insect]]s&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;These birds forage on the ground or in trees. They are &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;omnivores&lt;/ins&gt;, eating  buds, leaves, berries, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;seeds&lt;/ins&gt;, and &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;insects&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring to attract females for mating. Females nest on the ground, typically laying 6-8 eggs.  Grouse spend most of their time on the ground, and when surprised, may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring to attract females for mating. Females nest on the ground, typically laying 6-8 eggs.  Grouse spend most of their time on the ground, and when surprised, may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The Ruffed Grouse is the [[List of U.S. state birds|state bird]] of [[Pennsylvania]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Picture link: [http://juliesmagiclightshow.com/index.php?pic=901 Ruffed Grouse in Northern Connecticut]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;===Hunting===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ruffed Grouse are hunted across their entire range, and are widely considered to be among the most challenging of all upland birds.  Population densities across the continent have declined severely in recent decades, primarily due to habitat loss.  Many states in the U.S. have open Grouse hunting seasons that run from October through January, but hunting is not considered to be a significant contributing factor in the population decline.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ruffed Grouse are pursued by hunters both with and without the aid of dogs, and in most states are taken legally only with shotguns or through falconry.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;==References==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=47088|title=Bonasa umbellus|downloaded=11 May 2006&lt;/del&gt;}} &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;== External links ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* [http://www.ruffedgrousesociety.org/ruffed_facts.asp Ruffed Grouse Facts] - Ruffed Grouse Society&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Ruffed_Grouse.html Ruffed Grouse Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/ruffed_grouse_info.htm Ruffed Grouse Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i3000id.html Ruffed Grouse Identification, Range, and Call] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Category:Tetraonidae]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Category:United States state birds]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Category:Birds of the United States]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[fr:Gélinotte huppée]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key PathWiki:diff::1.12:old-39673:rev-39674 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39673&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: Transwiki:Ruffed Grouse moved to Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed Grouse: adoption</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39673&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-03-22T16:56:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Transwiki:Ruffed_Grouse&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Transwiki:Ruffed Grouse (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Transwiki:Ruffed Grouse&lt;/a&gt; moved to &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed_Grouse&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed Grouse (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/Ruffed Grouse&lt;/a&gt;: adoption&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:56, 22 March 2007&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39672&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jomegat: 73 revision(s) from :w:Ruffed Grouse</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39672&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-03-22T16:56:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;73 revision(s) from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruffed_Grouse&quot; class=&quot;extiw&quot; title=&quot;w:Ruffed Grouse&quot;&gt;w:Ruffed Grouse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| color = pink&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;br /&gt;
| status = LC&lt;br /&gt;
| image = RuffedGrouse23.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia&lt;br /&gt;
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]&lt;br /&gt;
| classis = [[Aves]]&lt;br /&gt;
| ordo = [[Galliformes]]&lt;br /&gt;
| familia = [[Grouse|Tetraonidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
| genus = ''[[Bonasa]]''&lt;br /&gt;
| species = '''''B. umbellus'''''&lt;br /&gt;
| binomial = ''Bonasa umbellus''&lt;br /&gt;
| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Ruffed Grouse''', ''Bonasa umbellus'', is a medium-sized [[grouse]] occuring in forests across [[Canada]] and the appalachian and northern [[United States]] including [[Alaska]].  They are non-migratory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse have two distinct color phases, grey and red. In the grey phase, adults have a long square brownish tail with barring and a black subterminal band near the end. The head, neck and back are grey-brown; they have a light breast with barring. The ruffs are located on the sides of the neck. These birds also have a &amp;quot;crest&amp;quot; on top of their head, which sometimes lays flat.  Both sexes are similarly marked and sized, making them difficult to tell apart, even in hand.  The female often has a broken subterminal tail band, while males often have unbroken tail bands.  Another fairly accurate method for sexing ruffed grouse involves inspection of the rump feathers. Feathers with a single white dot indicate a female, feathers with &amp;gt;1 white dot to indicate that the bird is a male. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse have never been successfully bred in captivity.    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These birds forage on the ground or in trees. They are [[omnivore]]s, eating  buds, leaves, [[Berry|berries]], [[seed]]s, and [[insect]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring to attract females for mating. Females nest on the ground, typically laying 6-8 eggs.  Grouse spend most of their time on the ground, and when surprised, may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Ruffed Grouse is the [[List of U.S. state birds|state bird]] of [[Pennsylvania]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture link: [http://juliesmagiclightshow.com/index.php?pic=901 Ruffed Grouse in Northern Connecticut]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hunting===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse are hunted across their entire range, and are widely considered to be among the most challenging of all upland birds.  Population densities across the continent have declined severely in recent decades, primarily due to habitat loss.  Many states in the U.S. have open Grouse hunting seasons that run from October through January, but hunting is not considered to be a significant contributing factor in the population decline.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse are pursued by hunters both with and without the aid of dogs, and in most states are taken legally only with shotguns or through falconry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=47088|title=Bonasa umbellus|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ruffedgrousesociety.org/ruffed_facts.asp Ruffed Grouse Facts] - Ruffed Grouse Society&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Ruffed_Grouse.html Ruffed Grouse Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/ruffed_grouse_info.htm Ruffed Grouse Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i3000id.html Ruffed Grouse Identification, Range, and Call] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tetraonidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States state birds]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Birds of the United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Gélinotte huppée]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jomegat</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39670&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>69.145.69.191: /* Hunting */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39670&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-03-21T00:54:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Hunting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:54, 21 March 2007&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l29&quot; &gt;Line 29:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Picture link: [http://juliesmagiclightshow.com/index.php?pic=901 Ruffed Grouse in Northern Connecticut]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Picture link: [http://juliesmagiclightshow.com/index.php?pic=901 Ruffed Grouse in Northern Connecticut]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Hunting===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hi i am stupid&lt;/ins&gt;===Hunting===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ruffed Grouse are hunted across their entire range, and are widely considered to be among the most challenging of all upland birds.  Population densities across the continent have declined severely in recent decades, primarily due to habitat loss.  Many states in the U.S. have open Grouse hunting seasons that run from October through January, but hunting is not considered to be a significant contributing factor in the population decline.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ruffed Grouse are hunted across their entire range, and are widely considered to be among the most challenging of all upland birds.  Population densities across the continent have declined severely in recent decades, primarily due to habitat loss.  Many states in the U.S. have open Grouse hunting seasons that run from October through January, but hunting is not considered to be a significant contributing factor in the population decline.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key PathWiki:diff::1.12:old-39669:rev-39670 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>69.145.69.191</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39669&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>71.226.223.42 at 22:15, 20 March 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=Field_Guide/Birds/Bonasa_umbellus&amp;diff=39669&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2007-03-20T22:15:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
| color = pink&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Ruffed Grouse&lt;br /&gt;
| status = LC&lt;br /&gt;
| image = RuffedGrouse23.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia&lt;br /&gt;
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]&lt;br /&gt;
| classis = [[Aves]]&lt;br /&gt;
| ordo = [[Galliformes]]&lt;br /&gt;
| familia = [[Grouse|Tetraonidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
| genus = ''[[Bonasa]]''&lt;br /&gt;
| species = '''''B. umbellus'''''&lt;br /&gt;
| binomial = ''Bonasa umbellus''&lt;br /&gt;
| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  peter bondThe '''Ruffed Grouse''', ''Bonasa umbellus'', is a medium-sized [[grouse]] occuring in forests across [[Canada]] and the appalachian and northern [[United States]] including [[Alaska]].  They are non-migratory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse have two distinct color phases, grey and red. In the grey phase, adults have a long square brownish tail with barring and a black subterminal band near the end. The head, neck and back are grey-brown; they have a light breast with barring. The ruffs are located on the sides of the neck. These birds also have a &amp;quot;crest&amp;quot; on top of their head, which sometimes lays flat.  Both sexes are similarly marked and sized, making them difficult to tell apart, even in hand.  The female often has a broken subterminal tail band, while males often have unbroken tail bands.  Another fairly accurate method for sexing ruffed grouse involves inspection of the rump feathers. Feathers with a single white dot indicate a female, feathers with &amp;gt;1 white dot to indicate that the bird is a male. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse have never been successfully bred in captivity.    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These birds forage on the ground or in trees. They are [[omnivore]]s, eating  buds, leaves, [[Berry|berries]], [[seed]]s, and [[insect]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring to attract females for mating. Females nest on the ground, typically laying 6-8 eggs.  Grouse spend most of their time on the ground, and when surprised, may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Ruffed Grouse is the [[List of U.S. state birds|state bird]] of [[Pennsylvania]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Picture link: [http://juliesmagiclightshow.com/index.php?pic=901 Ruffed Grouse in Northern Connecticut]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hunting===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse are hunted across their entire range, and are widely considered to be among the most challenging of all upland birds.  Population densities across the continent have declined severely in recent decades, primarily due to habitat loss.  Many states in the U.S. have open Grouse hunting seasons that run from October through January, but hunting is not considered to be a significant contributing factor in the population decline.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ruffed Grouse are pursued by hunters both with and without the aid of dogs, and in most states are taken legally only with shotguns or through falconry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=47088|title=Bonasa umbellus|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ruffedgrousesociety.org/ruffed_facts.asp Ruffed Grouse Facts] - Ruffed Grouse Society&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Ruffed_Grouse.html Ruffed Grouse Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/ruffed_grouse_info.htm Ruffed Grouse Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i3000id.html Ruffed Grouse Identification, Range, and Call] - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tetraonidae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States state birds]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Birds of the United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Gélinotte huppée]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>71.226.223.42</name></author>
	</entry>
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