Field Guide/Birds/Corvus brachyrhynchos - Revision history

W126jep: - Category of AYHAB

2022-07-15T00:47:37Z

- Category of AYHAB

Jomegat: 178 revisions: re-import from WB, including edit history

2012-07-05T18:47:53Z

178 revisions: re-import from WB, including edit history

New page

{{Bird id
| latin_name = Corvus brachyrhynchos
| name = American Crow
| level = 4
| image_1 = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30196.JPG
| caption_1 = American Crow
| range_map = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_map.jpg
| call =
| description = The '''American Crow'''is a common bird found throughout North America. Entirely black, it is an easily recognized bird.

The American Crow is a distinctive bird with iridescent black feathers. Its legs, feet and bill are also black. Several regional forms are recognized and differ in bill proportion and overall size from each other across North America, generally being smallest in the southeast and the far west. Averaging 18 inches (46 cm) in length, it is smaller than the Common Raven. American Crows have a lifespan of 7 to 8 years. Captive birds are known to have lived up to 30 years.

The most usual call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''. Usually, the birds thrust their heads up and down as they utter this call. American Crows can also produce a wide variety of sounds and sometimes mimic noises made by other animals, including other birds.

Crows live in virtually all types of country from wilderness, farmland, parks, open woodland to towns and major cities. The crow is generally a permanent resident, but many birds in the northern parts of the range migrate short distances southward. Outside of the nesting season, these birds often gather in large communal roosts at night. American Crows are protected by the [[w:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918|Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]].
{{clear}}

The American Crow is omnivorous. It will feed on invertebrates of all types, carrion, scraps of human food, seeds, eggs and nestlings, stranded fish on the shore and various grains. American Crows are active hunters and will prey on mice, frogs, and other small animals. In winter and autumn, the diet of American Crows is more dependent on nuts and acorns. Occasionally, they will visit bird feeders.

Like most crows, they will scavenge at rubbish dumps, scattering garbage in the process. Where available, corn, wheat and other agricultural crops are a favorite food. These habits have historically caused the American Crow to be considered a nuisance. However, it is suspected that the harm to crops is offset by the service the American Crow provides by eating insect pests.

American Crows are monogamous cooperative breeding birds. Mated pairs form large families of up to 15 individuals from several breeding seasons that remain together for many years. Offspring from a previous nesting season will usually remain with the family to assist in rearing new nestlings. American Crows do not reach breeding age for at least two years. Most do not leave the nest to breed for four to five years.

American Crows build bulky stick nests, nearly always in trees but sometimes also in large bushes and, very rarely, on the ground. They will nest in a wide variety of trees, including large conifers, although oaks are most often used. Three to six eggs are laid and incubated for 18 days. The young are fledged usually by about 35 days.

Despite attempts by humans in some areas to drive away or eliminate these birds, they remain widespread and very common. The number of individual American Crows is estimated by Birdlife International to be around 31,000,000. The large population, as well as its vast range, are the reasons why the American Crow is considered to be of least concern, meaning that the species is not at immediate risk.

}}

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

Jomegat: Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/American Crow moved to Field Guide/Birds/Corvus brachyrhynchos: no longer part of Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book

2008-07-08T00:56:02Z

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/American Crow moved to Field Guide/Birds/Corvus brachyrhynchos: no longer part of AY Honors

New page

{{Bird id
| latin_name = ''Corvus brachyrhynchos''
| name = American Crow
| level = 4
| image_1 = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30196.JPG
| caption_1 = American Crow
| range_map = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_map.jpg
| call =
| description = The '''American Crow'''is a common bird found throughout North America. Entirely black, it is an easily recognized bird.

The American Crow is a distinctive bird with iridescent black feathers. Its legs, feet and bill are also black. Several regional forms are recognized and differ in bill proportion and overall size from each other across North America, generally being smallest in the southeast and the far west. Averaging 18 inches (46 cm) in length, it is smaller than the Common Raven. American Crows have a lifespan of 7 to 8 years. Captive birds are known to have lived up to 30 years.

The most usual call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''. Usually, the birds thrust their heads up and down as they utter this call. American Crows can also produce a wide variety of sounds and sometimes mimic noises made by other animals, including other birds.

Crows live in virtually all types of country from wilderness, farmland, parks, open woodland to towns and major cities. The crow is generally a permanent resident, but many birds in the northern parts of the range migrate short distances southward. Outside of the nesting season, these birds often gather in large communal roosts at night. American Crows are protected by the [[w:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918|Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]].
{{clear}}

The American Crow is omnivorous. It will feed on invertebrates of all types, carrion, scraps of human food, seeds, eggs and nestlings, stranded fish on the shore and various grains. American Crows are active hunters and will prey on mice, frogs, and other small animals. In winter and autumn, the diet of American Crows is more dependent on nuts and acorns. Occasionally, they will visit bird feeders.

Like most crows, they will scavenge at rubbish dumps, scattering garbage in the process. Where available, corn, wheat and other agricultural crops are a favorite food. These habits have historically caused the American Crow to be considered a nuisance. However, it is suspected that the harm to crops is offset by the service the American Crow provides by eating insect pests.

American Crows are monogamous cooperative breeding birds. Mated pairs form large families of up to 15 individuals from several breeding seasons that remain together for many years. Offspring from a previous nesting season will usually remain with the family to assist in rearing new nestlings. American Crows do not reach breeding age for at least two years. Most do not leave the nest to breed for four to five years.

American Crows build bulky stick nests, nearly always in trees but sometimes also in large bushes and, very rarely, on the ground. They will nest in a wide variety of trees, including large conifers, although oaks are most often used. Three to six eggs are laid and incubated for 18 days. The young are fledged usually by about 35 days.

Despite attempts by humans in some areas to drive away or eliminate these birds, they remain widespread and very common. The number of individual American Crows is estimated by Birdlife International to be around 31,000,000. The large population, as well as its vast range, are the reasons why the American Crow is considered to be of least concern, meaning that the species is not at immediate risk.

}}

[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

Jomegat: | level = 4

2007-03-28T01:30:38Z

| level = 4

Jomegat at 00:58, 22 March 2007

2007-03-22T00:58:31Z

Jomegat: dewikify

2007-03-22T00:58:06Z

dewikify

Jomegat: dewikify

2007-03-22T00:55:33Z

dewikify

Jomegat: Transwiki:American Crow moved to Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/American Crow: adopt

2007-03-22T00:48:00Z

Transwiki:American Crow moved to Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds/American Crow: adopt

Jomegat: 169 revision(s) from :w:American Crow

2007-03-22T00:47:14Z

169 revision(s) from w:American Crow

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| name = American Crow
| status = LC
| image = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30196.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[passerine|Passeriformes]]
| familia = [[Corvidae]]
| genus = ''[[crow|Corvus]]''
| species = '''''C. brachyrhynchos'''''
| binomial = ''Corvus brachyrhynchos''
| binomial_authority = [[Christian Ludwig Brehm|Brehm]], 1822
| range_map = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_map.jpg
| range_map_width = 250px
| range_map_caption = American Crow range
}}
The '''American Crow''', ''Corvus brachyrhynchos'', is a large [[passerine]] bird [[species]] of the [[Corvidae]] family. It is a common bird found throughout [[North America]]. Entirely black in color, it is an easily recognized bird.

==Description==
The American Crow is a distinctive bird with [[iridescence|iridescent]] black feathers. Its legs, feet and bill are also black. Several regional forms are recognized and differ in bill proportion and overall size from each other across [[North America]], generally being smallest in the southeast and the far west. Averaging 18 inches (46 cm) in length, it is smaller than the [[Common Raven]]. American Crows have a lifespan of 7 to 8 years. Captive birds are known to have lived up to 30 years.<ref name = "mosq">{{cite web | url = http://www.mosquito.state.ct.us/fact/crowfact.htm | title = Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection | accessdate = 2006-10-25 | work =
American Crow Fact Sheet}}</ref>

The most usual call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''. Usually, the birds thrust their heads up and down as they utter this call. American Crows can also produce a wide variety of sounds and sometimes mimic noises made by other animals, including other birds.

[[Image:Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30157.JPG|thumb|left|The most common call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''.]]

==Distribution and habitat==
The range of the American Crow extends from the [[Pacific Ocean]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in [[Canada]], on the [[France|French]] islands of [[Saint-Pierre and Miquelon]], south through the [[United States]], and into northern [[Mexico]].<ref name = "IUCN"/> Virtually all types of country from wilderness, farmland, parks, open woodland to towns and major cities are inhabited. The crow is generally a permanent resident, but many birds in the northern parts of the range [[bird migration|migrate]] short distances southward. Outside of the nesting season, these birds often gather in large communal roosts at night. American Crows are protected by the [[Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]].
{{clear}}
==Behavior==
===Diet===
The American Crow is [[omnivore|omnivorous]]. It will feed on invertebrates of all types, [[carrion]], scraps of human food, seeds, eggs and nestlings, stranded fish on the shore and various grains. American Crows are active hunters and will prey on [[mouse|mice]], [[frog]]s, and other small animals. In winter and autumn, the diet of American Crows is more dependent on nuts and acorns. Occasionally, they will visit [[bird feeder]]s.<ref name = "ADW">{{cite web | url = http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Corvus_brachyrhynchos.html | title = University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Animal Diversity Web | accessdate = 2006-10-24 | work =
Corvus brachyrhynchos(American crow)}}</ref>

Like most crows, they will scavenge at rubbish dumps, scattering garbage in the process. Where available, [[maize|corn]], [[wheat]] and other agricultural crops are a favorite food. These habits have historically caused the American Crow to be considered a nuisance. However, it is suspected that the harm to crops is offset by the service the American Crow provides by eating insect pests.<ref name = "ADW"/>

===Nesting===
American Crows are [[monogamous]] [[cooperative breeding]] birds. Mated pairs form large families of up to 15 individuals from several breeding seasons that remain together for many years.<ref name = "cornell_news">{{cite news | url = http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/97/4.10.97/crow.html | last = Segelken | first = Roger | title = Tree-climbing researcher knows exactly how far the crow flies | accessdate = 2006-10-25 | work = Cornell Chronicle}}</ref> Offspring from a previous nesting season will usually remain with the family to [[helpers at the nest|assist in rearing]] new nestlings. American Crows do not reach breeding age for at least two years.<ref name = "birdweb">{{cite web | url = http://www.birdweb.org/birdweb/bird_details.aspx?id=316 | title = BirdWeb | accessdate = 2006-10-24 | work = American Crow}}</ref><ref name = "allabout">{{cite web | url = http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/American_Crow.html | title = All About Birds | accessdate = 2006-10-24 | work = American Crow}}</ref> Most do not leave the nest to breed for four to five years.<ref name="cornell_news"/>

American Crows build bulky stick nests, nearly always in trees but sometimes also in large bushes and, very rarely, on the ground. They will nest in a wide variety of trees, including large conifers, although oaks are most often used. Three to six eggs are laid and [[incubate (bird)|incubated]] for 18 days. The young are fledged usually by about 35 days.<ref name = "birdweb"/>

==Conservation status==
Despite attempts by humans in some areas to drive away or eliminate these birds, they remain widespread and very common. The number of individual American Crows is estimated by [[Birdlife International]] to be around 31,000,000. The large population, as well as its vast range, are the reasons why the American Crow is considered to be of [[least concern]], meaning that the species is not at immediate risk.<ref name = "IUCN">{{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=51158|title=Corvus brachyrhynchos|downloaded=[[October 26]] [[2006]]}}</ref>

===West Nile Virus===
American Crows are very succeptible to the effects of the [[West Nile virus]]. Mortality rates appear to be higher than those in other birds, causing population losses of up to 65% in some areas in a single season.<ref name = "allabout"/><ref name = "bioone">{{cite web | url = http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1650%2F7646 | title = BioOne Online Journals | accessdate = 2006-10-24 | work = WEST NILE VIRUS DEVASTATES AN AMERICAN CROW POPULATION}}</ref> Because of this, American Crows are a [[sentinel species]] indicating the presence of West Nile virus in an area. Crows cannot transmit the virus to humans directly.<ref name = "mosq"/>

==Crows in popular culture==
The abundance of the American Crow in both rural and urban environments have made them very familiar to all Americans. Their name has been applied in numerous ways to the vernacular.
* Loud, vain bragging is sometimes referred to as "crowing".
* Similarly, to "eat crow" is to suffer embarrassment after having previously boasted.
* "[[Jim Crow]]", originally the name of a [[19th century]] [[minstrel]] character, has come to define all [[blackface]] performances of that era, as well as laws - particularly in the [[American South]] - that [[racial segregation|segregated]] blacks.
* Likewise, the name "crow" was often applied as an insulting, early 20th century term for African-Americans. [[White American]] [[vaudeville]] [[comedian]]s [[Moran and Mack]] recorded a popular series of skits in the [[1920s]] called ''"Two Black Crows"'', speaking in exaggerated Black American accents.

==Similar species==
The [[Northwestern Crow]] (''Corvus caurinus'') is very closely related to the American Crow. Structurally, they are difficult to distinguish from one another where their ranges overlap. However, the voice remains a distinct difference between the two species.

Visual differentiation from the [[Fish Crow]] (''Corvus ossifragus'') is extremely difficult and often innacurrate. Nonetheless, differences apart from size do exist. Fish Crows tend to have more slender bills and feet. There may also be a small sharp hook at the end of the upper bill. Fish Crows also appear as if they have shorter legs when walking. More dramatically, when calling, Fish Crows tend to hunch and fluff their throat feathers.

==References==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

==External links==
===Images===
{{commons|Corvus brachyrhynchos}}
* [http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/facts/american_crow_712.html American Crow Facts and Photos]
* [http://www.mesange.com/corneille_amerique.htm American Crow series]
* [http://www.juneauempire.com/images/100602/crow.jpg Good closeup image]
* [http://www.skullsite.com/images/dbimages/large/corvusbrachyrhynchos_s.jpg Skull of American Crow]

===Video===
* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=8286 American Crow videos] on the Internet Bird Collection

===Audio===
* [http://www.shades-of-night.com/aviary/sounds/crow2.wav American Crow call]

[[Category:Birds of North America]]
[[Category:Corvus]]

[[de:Amerikanerkrähe]]
[[fr:Corneille d'Amérique]]
[[pt:Corvo-americano]]
[[ru:Американская ворона]]

204.48.128.20: /* Description */

2007-03-14T17:02:21Z

Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:47, 15 July 2022
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	}}		}}
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−	~~[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book\|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]~~

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 | latin_name = ''Corvus brachyrhynchos''
 | name = American Crow
 | image_1 = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30196.JPG
 | caption_1 = American Crow

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 The most usual call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''.  Usually, the birds thrust their heads up and down as they utter this call.  American Crows can also produce a wide variety of sounds and sometimes mimic noises made by other animals, including other birds.
-Crows live in virtually all types of country from wilderness, farmland, parks, open woodland to towns and major cities. The crow is generally a permanent resident, but many birds in the northern parts of the range migrate short distances southward. Outside of the nesting season, these birds often gather in large communal roosts at night. American Crows are protected by the [[w:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]].
+Crows live in virtually all types of country from wilderness, farmland, parks, open woodland to towns and major cities. The crow is generally a permanent resident, but many birds in the northern parts of the range migrate short distances southward. Outside of the nesting season, these birds often gather in large communal roosts at night. American Crows are protected by the [[w:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918|Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]].
 {{clear}}

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | name = American Crow
 | image_1 = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30196.JPG
 | range_map = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_map.jpg
 | call =
-| description = The '''American Crow''', ''Corvus brachyrhynchos'', is a large [[passerine]] bird [[species]] of the [[Corvidae]] family. It is a common bird found throughout [[North America]]. Entirely black in color, it is an easily recognized bird.
+| description = The '''American Crow'''is a common bird found throughout North America. Entirely black, it is an easily recognized bird.
-The American Crow is a distinctive bird with [[iridescence|iridescent]] black feathers. Its legs, feet and bill are also black. Several regional forms are recognized and differ in bill proportion and overall size from each other across [[North America]], generally being smallest in the southeast and the far west. Averaging 18 inches (46 cm) in length, it is smaller than the [[Common Raven]]. American Crows have a lifespan of 7 to 8 years. Captive birds are known to have lived up to 30 years.<ref name = "mosq">{{cite web | url = http://www.mosquito.state.ct.us/fact/crowfact.htm | title = Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection | accessdate = 2006-10-25 | work =
+The American Crow is a distinctive bird with iridescent black feathers. Its legs, feet and bill are also black. Several regional forms are recognized and differ in bill proportion and overall size from each other across North America, generally being smallest in the southeast and the far west. Averaging 18 inches (46 cm) in length, it is smaller than the Common Raven. American Crows have a lifespan of 7 to 8 years. Captive birds are known to have lived up to 30 years.
 The most usual call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''.  Usually, the birds thrust their heads up and down as they utter this call.  American Crows can also produce a wide variety of sounds and sometimes mimic noises made by other animals, including other birds.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Taxobox
+{{Bird id
-| color = pink
+| latin_name = ''Corvus brachyrhynchos''
 | name = American Crow
-| status = LC
+| image_1 = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30196.JPG
 | range_map = Corvus_brachyrhynchos_map.jpg
-| range_map_width = 250px
+| call =
-| range_map_caption = American Crow range
+| description = The '''American Crow''', ''Corvus brachyrhynchos'', is a large [[passerine]] bird [[species]] of the [[Corvidae]] family. It is a common bird found throughout [[North America]]. Entirely black in color, it is an easily recognized bird.
 The American Crow is a distinctive bird with [[iridescence|iridescent]] black feathers. Its legs, feet and bill are also black. Several regional forms are recognized and differ in bill proportion and overall size from each other across [[North America]], generally being smallest in the southeast and the far west. Averaging 18 inches (46 cm) in length, it is smaller than the [[Common Raven]]. American Crows have a lifespan of 7 to 8 years. Captive birds are known to have lived up to 30 years.<ref name = "mosq">{{cite web | url = http://www.mosquito.state.ct.us/fact/crowfact.htm | title = Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection | accessdate = 2006-10-25 | work =
 American Crow Fact Sheet}}</ref>
@@ Line 26: / Line 12: @@
 The most usual call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''.  Usually, the birds thrust their heads up and down as they utter this call.  American Crows can also produce a wide variety of sounds and sometimes mimic noises made by other animals, including other birds.
-[[Image:Corvus_brachyrhynchos_30157.JPG|thumb|left|The most common call is a loud, short, and rapid ''"caah-caah-caah"''.]]
+Crows live in virtually all types of country from wilderness, farmland, parks, open woodland to towns and major cities. The crow is generally a permanent resident, but many birds in the northern parts of the range migrate short distances southward. Outside of the nesting season, these birds often gather in large communal roosts at night. American Crows are protected by the [[w:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]].
 {{clear}}
-Like most crows, they will scavenge at rubbish dumps, scattering garbage in the process. Where available, [[maize|corn]], [[wheat]] and other agricultural crops are a favorite food. These habits have historically caused the American Crow to be considered a nuisance. However, it is suspected that the harm to crops is offset by the service the American Crow provides by eating insect pests.<ref name = "ADW"/>
+The American Crow is omnivorous. It will feed on invertebrates of all types, carrion, scraps of human food, seeds, eggs and nestlings, stranded fish on the shore and various grains. American Crows are active hunters and will prey on mice, frogs, and other small animals. In winter and autumn, the diet of American Crows is more dependent on nuts and acorns. Occasionally, they will visit bird feeders.
-===Nesting===
+Like most crows, they will scavenge at rubbish dumps, scattering garbage in the process. Where available, corn, wheat and other agricultural crops are a favorite food. These habits have historically caused the American Crow to be considered a nuisance. However, it is suspected that the harm to crops is offset by the service the American Crow provides by eating insect pests.
-American Crows build bulky stick nests, nearly always in trees but sometimes also in large bushes and, very rarely, on the ground. They will nest in a wide variety of trees, including large conifers, although oaks are most often used. Three to six eggs are laid and [[incubate (bird)|incubated]] for 18 days. The young are fledged usually by about 35 days.<ref name = "birdweb"/>
+American Crows are monogamous cooperative breeding birds. Mated pairs form large families of up to 15 individuals from several breeding seasons that remain together for many years. Offspring from a previous nesting season will usually remain with the family to assist in rearing new nestlings. American Crows do not reach breeding age for at least two years. Most do not leave the nest to breed for four to five years.
-==Conservation status==
+American Crows build bulky stick nests, nearly always in trees but sometimes also in large bushes and, very rarely, on the ground. They will nest in a wide variety of trees, including large conifers, although oaks are most often used. Three to six eggs are laid and incubated for 18 days. The young are fledged usually by about 35 days.
-===West Nile Virus===
+}}