Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Parrots and Cockatoos/Answer Key"

From Pathfinder Wiki
< AY Honors‎ | Parrots and CockatoosAY Honors/Parrots and Cockatoos/Answer Key
(Description)
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Taxobox | name = Gang-gang Cockatoo
+
{{Taxobox
 +
| name = Palm Cockatoo
 
| status = LC
 
| status = LC
−
| image = Gang-gang female MJC01.jpg
+
| image = Palm Cockatoo.JPG
−
| image_width = 250px
+
| image_width = 225px
−
| caption =
 
 
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
 
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
−
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
+
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
−
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
+
| classis = [[Aves]]
 
| ordo = [[Psittaciformes]]
 
| ordo = [[Psittaciformes]]
−
| familia = [[Cockatoo|Cacatuidae]]
+
| familia = [[Cacatuidae]]
−
| subfamilia = [[Calyptorhynchinae]]
+
| subfamilia = '''Microglossinae'''
−
| genus = '''''Callocephalon'''''
+
| genus = '''''Probosciger'''''
−
| genus_authority = [[Rene Primevere Lesson|Lesson]], [[1837]]
+
| genus_authority = [[Heinrich Kuhl|Kuhl]], 1820
−
| species = '''''C. fimbriatum '''''
+
| species = '''''P. aterrimus'''''
−
| binomial = ''Callocephalon fimbriatum''
+
| binomial = ''Probosciger aterrimus''
−
| binomial_authority = ([[James Grant (navigator)|Grant, J.]], [[1803]])
+
| binomial_authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788
−
| range_map = Bird range gang-gang cockatoo.png
+
| subdivision_ranks = subspecies
−
| range_map_width = 240px
+
| subdivision = ''P. a. aterrimus''<br>
−
| range_map_caption = Gang-gang Cockatoo range (in red)
+
''P. a. goliath''<br>
 +
''P. a. macgillivrayi''<br>
 +
''P. a. stenolophus''
 +
| range_map = Bird range palm cockatoo.png
 +
| range_map_width = 150px
 +
| range_map_caption = Australian Palm Cockatoo range (in red)
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
The '''Gang-gang Cockatoo''', ''Callocephalon fimbriatum,'' is found in the cooler and wetter forests and woodlands of [[Australia]], particularly [[:wikt:alpine|alpine]] [[bushland]]. Mostly mild grey in colour with some lighter scalloping (more pronounced and buffish in females) the male has a red head and [[crest (bird)|crest]], while the female has a small fluffy grey crest. It ranges throughout south-eastern Australia and [[Tasmania]]. The Gang-gang Cockatoo is the faunal emblem of the [[Australian Capital Territory]]. It is easily identified by its distinctive call, which is described as resembling a creaky gate, or the sound of a cork being pulled from a wine bottle.  
+
The '''Palm Cockatoo''' ''(Probosciger aterrimus)'', also known as the '''Goliath Aratoo''', is a large black [[Psittaciformes|parrot]] of the [[cockatoo]] family and this species is unique in its kind. It is the only member in subfamily Microglossinae and monotypic genus '' Probosciger''. Its unique position within the cockatoo family has been confirmed by molecular studies (Brown & Toft, 1999, Astuti, 2004?).  
  
−
The name ''Gang-gang'' comes from a [[New South Wales]] [[Indigenous Australian|Aboriginal]] language, either [[Ngunnawal]] or [[Wiradjuri]]. It is possible both language groups called it that.
+
The Palm Cockatoo is distributed in rainforests and woodlands of [[New Guinea]] and northern [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. It measures around 55-60 cm in length and weighs between 500-1,000 g. It is a distinctive [[Aves|bird]] with a large [[Crest (bird)|crest]] and has one of the largest bills of any parrots (only the [[Hyacinth Macaw]]'s is larger). The bill is unusual as the lower and middle mandibles do not meet for much of its length, allowing the tongue to hold a nut against the top mandible while the lower mandible works to open it. The Palm Cockatoo also has a distinctive red gape that changes colour when the bird is alarmed or excited.  
  
−
Unlike most other [[cockatoo]]s, Gang-gangs nest in young, solid trees, the females using their strong bills/beaks to excavate nesting cavities. Lots of older, hollow trees and loss of feeding habitat across south-eastern Australia through land clearing has led to a significant reduction in the numbers of this cockatoo in recent years.
+
The Palm Cockatoo makes four different kinds of vocalisations. It has a unique display where the bird drums a large branch against a dead bough or tree, creating a loud noise that can be heard up to 100 m away.
  
−
This particular species was most often allied with the white cockatoos of the genus ''[[Cacatua]]''. This has always been controversial due to the unusual appearance and coloration of the bird, especially its [[sexual dichromatism]]. New research has finally resolved the matter, with the Gang-gang Cockatoo being recognized as a distinctive early offshoot of the calyptorhynchine (dark) cockatoos (Brown & Toft, 1999). Considering the robust phylogeny of the cockatoos now established, a comparison of characters gained and lost during the evolution of cockatoos suggests that the Gang-gang Cockatoo - while of course much changed and adapted during the maybe 20 million years since its last common ancestor with any other living species lived - is probably still very similar in overall appearance to how the earliest cockatoos would have looked, and certainly the most primitive-looking of the species alive today.
+
This species is in high demand for the pet trade due to its unusual appearance, and does not breed well in captivity, requiring the removal of wild birds. It is still relatively common in [[Cape York]], but is threatened there by [[habitat (ecology)|habitat]] loss. The Palm Cockatoo is currently evaluated as Least Concern on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of [[CITES]].
  
−
==References==
+
== Gallery ==
−
* {{IUCN2006|assessors='''[[BirdLife International]]'''|year=2004|id=47939|title=Callocephalon fimbriatum|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
+
<gallery>
 +
Image:Stavenn Probosciger atterrimus 00.jpg
 +
</gallery>
  
 +
== References ==
 +
* '''Astuti''', Dwi (2004?): A phylogeny of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes) inferred from DNA sequences of the seventh intron of nuclear ''β''-fibrinogen gene. Doctoral work, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan. [http://www.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/J/study/17result/dwi.pdf PDF fulltext]
 +
* {{IUCN2006|assessors='''[[BirdLife International]]'''|year=2004|id=18187|title=Probosciger aterrimus|downloaded=08 May 2006}} Database entry includes a lengthy justification of why this species is of least concern
 
* '''Brown''', D.M. & '''Toft''', C.A. (1999): Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). ''[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]'' '''116'''(1): 141-157.
 
* '''Brown''', D.M. & '''Toft''', C.A. (1999): Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). ''[[Auk (journal)|Auk]]'' '''116'''(1): 141-157.
−
 
 
* '''Flegg''', Jim (2002): ''Photographic Field Guide: Birds of Australia''. Reed New Holland, Sydney & London. ISBN 1-876334-78-9
 
* '''Flegg''', Jim (2002): ''Photographic Field Guide: Birds of Australia''. Reed New Holland, Sydney & London. ISBN 1-876334-78-9
  
−
==External links==
+
== External links ==
−
{{commons|Callocephalon fimbriatum|Gang-gang Cockatoo}}
+
* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1389&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]
−
* [http://www.parrotscience.com ParrotScience - cockatoo heavy information site]
+
* [http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=18187 IUCN Red List]
−
* [http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/content/gang-gang_cockatoo_vulnerable NSW National Parks & Wildlife - Vulnerable species listing]
+
* [http://www.palmcockatoo.com/ The Palm Cockatoo Research Project.]
−
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1395&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]
+
* [http://www.rspb.org.uk/birds/advice/endangeredspecies/threats.asp Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) website - Threats to wild bird populations]
 +
* [http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/species.html CITES website search page]
  
−
==Gallery==
+
{{commons|Probosciger aterrimus}}
−
 
 
−
<gallery>
 
−
Image:Female_Gang_Gang_Cockatoo.jpg|A female Gang-gang cockatoo eating peppercorns
 
−
Image:Gang-gang male MJC01.jpg|Male Gang-gang cockatoo
 
−
Image:Gang-gang female MJC02.jpg|Female Gang-gang cockatoo
 
−
</gallery>
 
  
 +
[[Category:Cacatuidae]]
 +
[[Category:Subfamilies of birds]]
 +
[[Category:Genera of birds]]
 
[[Category:Birds of Australia]]
 
[[Category:Birds of Australia]]
−
[[Category:Calyptorhynchinae]]
+
[[Category:Birds of Southeast Asia]]
−
[[Category:Genera of birds]]
+
[[Category:Birds of Indonesia]]
−
[[Category:Words and phrases of Australian Aboriginal origin]]
+
[[Category:Birds of Papua New Guinea]]
 +
[[Category:Birds kept as pets]]
  
−
[[cs:Kakadu přilbový]]
+
[[cs:Kakadu arový]]
−
[[es:Callocephalon fimbriatum]]
+
[[de:Palmkakadu]]
−
[[fr:Callocephalon fimbriatum]]
+
[[es:Probosciger aterrimus]]
−
[[lt:Šalmuotoji kakadu]]
+
[[fr:Probosciger aterrimus]]
−
[[hu:Sisakos kakadu]]
+
[[id:Kakatua Raja]]
−
[[ru:Шлемоносный какаду]]
+
[[it:Probosciger aterrimus]]
−
[[sv:Hjälmkakadua]]
+
[[lt:Juodoji palminė kakadu]]
 +
[[hu:Pálmakakadu]]
 +
[[pl:Żałobnica palmowa]]
 +
[[ru:Чёрный пальмовый какаду]]
 +
[[fi:Palmukakadu]]
 +
[[sv:Palmkakadua]]
 +
[[tr:Palmiye kakadusu]]
 +
[[zh:棕树凤头鹦鹉]]

Revision as of 21:20, 22 April 2008

Template:Taxobox

The Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus), also known as the Goliath Aratoo, is a large black parrot of the cockatoo family and this species is unique in its kind. It is the only member in subfamily Microglossinae and monotypic genus Probosciger. Its unique position within the cockatoo family has been confirmed by molecular studies (Brown & Toft, 1999, Astuti, 2004?).

The Palm Cockatoo is distributed in rainforests and woodlands of New Guinea and northern Queensland, Australia. It measures around 55-60 cm in length and weighs between 500-1,000 g. It is a distinctive bird with a large crest and has one of the largest bills of any parrots (only the Hyacinth Macaw's is larger). The bill is unusual as the lower and middle mandibles do not meet for much of its length, allowing the tongue to hold a nut against the top mandible while the lower mandible works to open it. The Palm Cockatoo also has a distinctive red gape that changes colour when the bird is alarmed or excited.

The Palm Cockatoo makes four different kinds of vocalisations. It has a unique display where the bird drums a large branch against a dead bough or tree, creating a loud noise that can be heard up to 100 m away.

This species is in high demand for the pet trade due to its unusual appearance, and does not breed well in captivity, requiring the removal of wild birds. It is still relatively common in Cape York, but is threatened there by habitat loss. The Palm Cockatoo is currently evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES.

Gallery

  • Stavenn Probosciger atterrimus 00.jpg

References

  • Astuti, Dwi (2004?): A phylogeny of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes) inferred from DNA sequences of the seventh intron of nuclear β-fibrinogen gene. Doctoral work, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan. PDF fulltext
  • Template:IUCN2006 Database entry includes a lengthy justification of why this species is of least concern
  • Brown, D.M. & Toft, C.A. (1999): Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). Auk 116(1): 141-157.
  • Flegg, Jim (2002): Photographic Field Guide: Birds of Australia. Reed New Holland, Sydney & London. ISBN 1-876334-78-9

External links

Template:Commons

cs:Kakadu arový de:Palmkakadu es:Probosciger aterrimus fr:Probosciger aterrimus id:Kakatua Raja it:Probosciger aterrimus lt:Juodoji palminė kakadu hu:Pálmakakadu pl:Żałobnica palmowa ru:Чёрный пальмовый какаду fi:Palmukakadu sv:Palmkakadua tr:Palmiye kakadusu zh:棕树凤头鹦鹉

Retrieved from "https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Parrots_and_Cockatoos/Answer_Key&oldid=15418"