Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Insect/Neuroptera"

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{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
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| name = Net-winged insects
 
| name = Net-winged insects
 
| image = Lacewing3035.jpg
 
| image = Lacewing3035.jpg
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The [[insect]] [[order (biology)|order]] '''Neuroptera''', or net-winged insects, includes the [[lacewing]]s, [[Mantidfly|mantidflies]], [[antlion]]s, and their relatives (the group that was once known as the '''Planipennia'''). The order contains some 4000 species. Traditionally, the order also included [[alderfly|alderflies]], [[fishfly|fishflies]], [[dobsonfly|dobsonflies]], and [[snakefly|snakeflies]], but these are now generally considered to be separate orders (the [[Megaloptera]] and [[Raphidioptera]]). Sometimes the name '''Neuropteroidea''' (syn. Neuropterida)<ref>http://mail.bio.pu.ru/win/entomol/KLUGE/nom/Neuropteroidea.htm</ref> is used to refer to these three orders as a group.
 
The [[insect]] [[order (biology)|order]] '''Neuroptera''', or net-winged insects, includes the [[lacewing]]s, [[Mantidfly|mantidflies]], [[antlion]]s, and their relatives (the group that was once known as the '''Planipennia'''). The order contains some 4000 species. Traditionally, the order also included [[alderfly|alderflies]], [[fishfly|fishflies]], [[dobsonfly|dobsonflies]], and [[snakefly|snakeflies]], but these are now generally considered to be separate orders (the [[Megaloptera]] and [[Raphidioptera]]). Sometimes the name '''Neuropteroidea''' (syn. Neuropterida)<ref>http://mail.bio.pu.ru/win/entomol/KLUGE/nom/Neuropteroidea.htm</ref> is used to refer to these three orders as a group.
  
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The adults of this order possess four membranous wings, with the forewings and hindwings about the same size, and with many [[vein]]s.  They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete [[Metamorphosis (biology)|metamorphosis]]. Most are predatory, but a few exceptions occur.
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The adults of this order possess four membranous wings, with the forewings and hindwings about the same size, and with many [[vein]]s.  They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete [[Metamorphosis (biology)|metamorphosis]].
  
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== Life cycle ==
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== Life cycle and ecology ==
  
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Green lacewings lay eggs which hatch larvae called aphidlions. Green lacewing larvae are predators, and can eat hundreds of aphids and other insects at a surprisingly rapid pace. Thus they have been used with increading popularity as a method of biological control, particularly as an alternative to the use of pesticides. They are available from a number of commercial distributors but are also found in nature where favorable climate conditions prevail.
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The larvae of most families are [[predator]]s. Many [[Chrysopidae|chrysopids]] eat aphids and other pest insects, and have been used for [[biological control]] (either from commercial distributors but also abundant and widespread in nature). Larvae in various families cover themselves in debris (sometimes including dead prey insects) as [[camouflage]], taken to an extreme in the [[ant lion]]s, which bury themselves completely out of sight and ambush prey from "pits" in the soil. Larvae of some [[Ithonidae]] are root feeders, and larvae of [[Sisyridae]] are aquatic, and feed on [[freshwater]] [[sponge]]s. A few [[Mantispidae|mantispids]] are [[parasite]]s of [[spider]] egg sacs.
  
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Brown lacewing larvae cover themselves in debris and dead insects as camoflague and are sometimes called trashbugs.
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As in other [[holometabolism|holometabolic]] orders, there is a [[pupa]]l stage, generally enclosed in some form of [[cocoon]] composed of silk and soil or other debris. Adults of many groups are also predatory, but some do not feed, or consume only [[nectar]]. and megan is awesome!
  
 
== Taxonomy ==
 
== Taxonomy ==
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**Family [[Coniopterygidae]]: dustywings
 
**Family [[Coniopterygidae]]: dustywings
 
*Superfamily [[Ithonioidea]]
 
*Superfamily [[Ithonioidea]]
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**Family [[Ithonidae]]: moth lacewings
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**Family [[Ithonidae]]: moth lacewings (often includes "[[Rapismatidae]]")
 
*Superfamily [[Hemerobioidea]]  
 
*Superfamily [[Hemerobioidea]]  
 
**Family [[Chrysopidae]]: green lacewings, stinkflies
 
**Family [[Chrysopidae]]: green lacewings, stinkflies
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**Family [[Mantispidae]]: mantidflies
 
**Family [[Mantispidae]]: mantidflies
 
*Superfamily [[Myrmeleontoidea]]
 
*Superfamily [[Myrmeleontoidea]]
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**Family [[Palaeoleontidae]]<!-- Palaeontology48:1409 -->
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**Family [[Palaeoleontidae]]<ref>Palaeontology48:1409 </ref>
 
**Family [[Ascalaphidae]]: ascalaphids, [[Owl fly|owlflies]]
 
**Family [[Ascalaphidae]]: ascalaphids, [[Owl fly|owlflies]]
 
**Family [[Myrmeleontidae]]: ant-lions
 
**Family [[Myrmeleontidae]]: ant-lions
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[[Category:Neuroptera| ]]
 
[[Category:Neuroptera| ]]
  
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[[ca:Neuròpter]]
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[[cs:Síťokřídlí]]
 
[[de:Netzflügler]]
 
[[de:Netzflügler]]
 
[[et:Võrktiivalised]]
 
[[et:Võrktiivalised]]

Revision as of 16:29, 3 March 2008

Template:Taxobox

The insect order Neuroptera, or net-winged insects, includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives (the group that was once known as the Planipennia). The order contains some 4000 species. Traditionally, the order also included alderflies, fishflies, dobsonflies, and snakeflies, but these are now generally considered to be separate orders (the Megaloptera and Raphidioptera). Sometimes the name Neuropteroidea (syn. Neuropterida)& is used to refer to these three orders as a group.

The adults of this order possess four membranous wings, with the forewings and hindwings about the same size, and with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis.

Life cycle and ecology

The larvae of most families are predators. Many chrysopids eat aphids and other pest insects, and have been used for biological control (either from commercial distributors but also abundant and widespread in nature). Larvae in various families cover themselves in debris (sometimes including dead prey insects) as camouflage, taken to an extreme in the ant lions, which bury themselves completely out of sight and ambush prey from "pits" in the soil. Larvae of some Ithonidae are root feeders, and larvae of Sisyridae are aquatic, and feed on freshwater sponges. A few mantispids are parasites of spider egg sacs.

As in other holometabolic orders, there is a pupal stage, generally enclosed in some form of cocoon composed of silk and soil or other debris. Adults of many groups are also predatory, but some do not feed, or consume only nectar. and megan is awesome!

Taxonomy

Template:Userboxtop Template:Clade

Partial phylogeny of the order.&

Template:Userboxbottom

Life cycle of lacewings

References

  1. ↑ http://mail.bio.pu.ru/win/entomol/KLUGE/nom/Neuropteroidea.htm
  2. ↑ Oswald, John D. 1995. Neuroptera. Lacewings, antlions, owlflies, etc. [1]
  3. ↑ Palaeontology48:1409

External links

  • Ascalaphus libelluloides, an owlfly

  • Ameisenjungfer.jpg

    Euroleon nostras, an ant-lion

  • Antlion larva

Template:Commonscat

Template:Wikispecies Template:Wikibookspar

ca:Neuròpter cs:Síťokřídlí de:Netzflügler et:Võrktiivalised es:Neuroptera fa:بال‌توری‌ها fr:Neuroptera ko:풀잠자리목 hsb:Sytkokřidłač it:Neuroptera he:מרושתי כנף ka:ბადეფრთიანები lt:Tinklasparniai hu:Igazi recésszárnyúak nl:Netvleugeligen ja:アミメカゲロウ目 no:Nettvinger pl:Sieciarki pt:Neuroptera sl:Pravi mrežekrilci sv:Nätvingar zh:脈翅目

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