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| − | | + | im gay im thomas so gay fcuk me im gay ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh baby shag me ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh baby ride me like a cow |
| − | [[Image:Party whistle on radio.jpg|thumb|right|A party whistle.]]
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| − | [[Image:Pea Whistle.jpg|thumb|A metal pea whistle.]]
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| − | A simple '''whistle''' is a [[woodwind]] [[musical instrument|instrument]] which produces [[sound]] from a stream of forced air.
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| − | Many types exist, from small [[police]] and [[sports]] whistles (also called [[pea whistle]]s), to much larger [[train whistle]]s, which are [[steam whistle]]s specifically designed for use on [[locomotive]]s and [[ship]]s. Although whistles have a musical characteristic (for example train whistles sound a [[Minor seventh chord|minor-seventh musical chord]]) whistles are not usually considered "musical" in the sense of being able to play a chosen melody, but mainly the small whistles can also be used as a – very shrill and loud – [[noise instrument|noise]] and [[rhythm instrument]]. However, musical whistles exist, including any of several 2-[[octave]] musical instruments known as [[tin whistle]]s (sometimes known as pennywhistles or low whistles), as well as the [[calliope (music)|calliope]] (an array of separately actuable steam whistles), [[Organ (music)|organ]] pipes and the [[recorder]]. Pea whistles are used in [[jazz]] and [[Latin music]] as a [[percussion instrument]], and children often use them as a toy music instrument.
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| − | The whistle works by causing the smooth flow of air to be split by a narrow blade, sometimes called a [[fipple]], creating a [[turbulence|turbulent]] [[vortex]] which causes the air to vibrate. By attaching a [[Acoustic resonance|resonant]] chamber to the basic whistle, it may be tuned to a particular note and made louder. The length of the chamber typically defines the resonance [[frequency]]. A whistle may also contain a small light ball, usually called the ''[[pea]]'', which rattles around inside, creating a [[chaos|chaotic]] [[vibrato]] effect that intensifies the sound. [[Japanese people|Japanese]] [[bird whistle]]s use several small balls and are half filled with water in order to reproduce the sound of a [[bird song]].
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| − | A steam whistle works the same way, but using steam as a source of pressure: such whistles can produce extremely high sound intensities.
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| − | Sometimes, unintentional whistles can be set up. A common one is the opened [[sunroof]] of a [[Automobile|car]]: air passing over the top of the vehicle can, at certain speeds, strike the back edge of the sunroof, creating a very low frequency whistle which is resonated by the closed interior of the car. Since the sound frequency is [[infrasonic]], around 4 [[Hertz|Hz]], the effect is very uncomfortable for occupants, who feel the vibration rather than hear it. Such low frequencies can induce [[nausea]], [[headache]], [[delirium|disorientation]] and [[dizziness]]. The effect can be prevented by opening a side window a few inches. Subsonic whistles have also been developed for use as weapons, or to deliberately create a sense of uneasiness in an enemy.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}
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| − | ==History==
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| − | The whistle has its roots dating back to ancient China. Chinese night watchmen used to blow into the tops of acorns in order to alert the towns of invading Mongolians.
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| − | In ancient Egypt two blades of the papyrus plant along the Nile river were held together in between the palms. By blowing into the palms the papyrus leaves would make a loud vibrant sound.
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| − | In 1868 [[Joseph Hudson (inventor)]] of [[Birmingham]], England, made the first whistle ever to be used by a [[football referee]]. [[New Zealand]] referee William Atack was the world's first to use a whistle to stop a game of sport in [[1884]]. It was used for the first time (allegedly) at a game held at Nottingham Forest, prior to this referees used handkerchiefs to attract players attention.
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| − | By 1884, Joseph Hudson had perfected his whistles and he released the world's most successful whistle to date, the "Acme Thunderer" (the first ever pea whistle). The whistle has been used as an alarm or attention-getting instrument by all manner of industries, sports and revellers. It continues to sell in great quantities throughout the world.
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| − | ==Police whistles==
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| − | Hudson later made the first police whistle for the Metropolitan police force. Prior to this, police used hand rattles, with whistles only being used as musical instruments or toys. Rattles and whistles were used to call for back-up, in areas where neighbourhood beats overlapped.
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| − | Police whistles fell largely into disuse in 1959, when early hand-held radios were brought into service. With the rise of the motor car, the whistle was no longer usefully audible in urban areas. The whistle is still used by some police forces today, or are given to senior officers as engraved ceremonial items.
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| − | ==Industrial whistles==
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| − | [[Image:Police whistles.jpg|thumb|250 px|Examples of police whistles]]
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| − | Industrial whistles are used for [[Distress signal|signal]]ling and [[time]]keeping both on [[railroad]] and [[ship]]s, and in [[factory|factories]]. jm vc knjnv jvbjbnnm vxcnnn cxzbbczbhncx bb cz b bh nhnhb chbvzcbhxkbjnvc kjnjncxhhvcxjxbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea#Part D - Sound and light signals|safety on the seas]]. Modern ship's whistles can be electrically driven or [[Steam whistle|steam]] driven. The [[RMS Queen Mary|RMS ''Queen Mary'']] was originally equipped with three electric ''Tyfon'' whistles in 1932. They could be heard at least ten miles away and were tuned to 55 Hz, a low bass ''A'' note that was chosen for maximum passenger comfort despite the high sound pressure level.<ref>[http://www.sterling.rmplc.co.uk/visions/funnel2.jpg The Voice of the Queen
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