Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Journalism/Answer Key"

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{{Original research|article|January 2007|date=September 2007}}
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{{Otheruses4|newspaper headlines|the U.S. TV series|Big Town}}
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{{selfref|For Wikipedia guidelines on lead paragraphs, see [[Wikipedia:Lead section]].}}
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{{Selfref|For the Wikipedia guideline, see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)]].}}
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A '''lead paragraph''' in [[Literature]] refers to the opening [[paragraph]] of an [[Article (publishing)|article]], [[essay]], news [[story]] or book [[chapter]]. Often called just "the lead", it usually opens together with the [[headline]] or [[title]], almost always gives the reader the main idea of the story preceding the main [[body]] of the article and the final conclusion. The "lead" immediately grabs the attention of the reader and must be at least three [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentences]] long. It also needs to directly relate to the body of the article. The word is frequently spelled '''lede''' in the journalism industry. [http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=20001128]
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{{wiktionary|headline}}
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Types of leads that are most effective are usually written in Greek or even better, in Luthiwanian.
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A '''headline''' is text at the top of a [[newspaper]] article, indicating the nature of the article below it.
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==Types of leads==
 
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Luthiwanian
 
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Journalistic [[Lede (news)|ledes]] emphasise grabbing the attention of the reader.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=YFMagLZx2vIC&pg=PA125&dq=lede+newspaper&lr=lang_en&as_brr=3&ei=swajR-7mHI3azATIk7DzCA&sig=01ouafTz7WfhQLt1up7epCRZ1JU]</ref>
 
  
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Leads in essays summarize the outline of the argument and conclusion that follows in the main body of the essay.
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It is sometimes termed a news ''hed'', a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during [[hot type]] days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.
  
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Encyclopedia leads tend to do define the subject matter as well as emphasising the interesting points of the article.
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== Format ==
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Headlines are written in much larger type size than the article text, and often in a different font entirely. Headlines are often in [[sentence case]], although [[title case]] is often used in the USA.
  
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General articles in magazines tend to be somewhere in between journalism and encyclopedias and often lack a distinct lead entirely.
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Headline conventions include normally using present tense even when discussing events that happened in the recent past; [[zero copula|omitting forms of the verb "to be"]] in certain contexts; and removing short articles like "a" and "the". Most newspapers feature a very large headline on their front page, dramatically describing the biggest news of the day. Words chosen for headlines are often short, giving rise to [[headlinese]].
  
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Leads or introductions in books vary enormously in length and content.
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A headline may also be followed by a smaller secondary headline, often called subhead or "deck hed", which gives more information.
  
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==Rules==
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Russ Willison{{who}} describes headlines as the "barb on the hook."
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The key to understanding the lead usually lies in the reader’s ability to identify and understand the subject and the main verb. In general, there are three sentence types found in the lead.
 
  
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# The subject and the [[main verb]] are found together at or near the beginning of the sentence. This is by far, the most common sentence type.
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== Production of headlines within the editorial environment ==
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# The subject is separated from the main verb by information about the subject, often in the subject, often in the form of a [[relative clause]] – the clause that starts with who, which, when, where and whose.
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Headlines are generally written by [[copy editor]]s, but may also be written by the writer, the page layout designer or a news editor or managing editor.
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# The sentence begins with an introductory phrase. In such cases, students must learn to read until they find a comma, after which they will find the main verb.
 
  
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==References==
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The film ''[[The Shipping News (film)|The Shipping News]]'' has an illustrative exchange between the protagonist, who is learning how to write for a local newspaper, and his [[publisher]]:
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<references/>
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: Publisher: It's finding the center of your story, the beating heart of it, that's what makes a reporter.  You have to start by making up some headlines. You know: short, punchy, dramatic headlines.  Now, have a look, [''pointing at dark clouds gathering in the sky over the ocean''] what do you see? Tell me the headline.
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:Protagonist: HORIZON FILLS WITH DARK CLOUDS?
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:Publisher: IMMINENT STORM THREATENS VILLAGE.
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:Protagonist: But what if no storm comes?
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:Publisher: VILLAGE SPARED FROM DEADLY STORM.
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In the United States, headline contests are sponsored by the [[American Copy Editors Society]], the [[National Federation of Press Women]], and many state press associations.
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== Unusual headlines ==
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Occasionally, the need to keep headlines brief leads to unintentional double meanings, if not [[double entendre]]s.  For example, if the story is about the president of Iraq trying to acquire weapons, the headline might be IRAQI HEAD SEEKS ARMS.  Or if some agricultural legislation is defeated in the United States House of Representatives, the title could read FARMER BILL DIES IN HOUSE.
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* WALL ST. LAYS AN EGG - ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' on [[Black Monday]] (1929)
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* [[Sticks nix hick pix|STICKS NIX HICK PIX]] - ''Variety'' writing that rural moviegoers preferred urbane films (1935)
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* [[Dewey Defeats Truman|DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN]] - The ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' reporting the wrong election winner (1948)
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* FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD - ''[[New York Daily News]]'' reporting the denial of a federal bailout (1975)
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* [[Sic transit gloria mundi|SICK TRANSIT'S GLORIOUS MONDAY]] - ''New York Daily News'' reporting a state transit bailout (1980)<ref>[http://www.nycsubway.org/articles/history-nycta1980s.html The New York City Transit Authority in the 1980s]</ref>
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* GOTCHA! - The UK ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on the torpedoing of the Argentine ship ''[[ARA General Belgrano|Belgrano]]'' and sinking of a gunboat during the [[Falklands War]] (1982)
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* HEADLESS BODY IN TOPLESS BAR - ''[[New York Post]]'' on a local murder (1983)
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* GREAT SATAN SITS DOWN WITH THE AXIS OF EVIL - The UK ''[[The Times]]'' on US-Iran talks (2007)<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1851791.ece Great Satan sits down with the Axis of Evil]</ref>
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* [[Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious|SUPER CALEY GO BALLISTIC CELTIC ARE ATROCIOUS]] - ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on Inverness Caledonian Thistle beating Celtic in the Scottish Cup<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_div_1/2875957.stm Super Caley dream realistic?]</ref>
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* FREDDIE STARR ATE MY HAMSTER - ''[[The Sun (newspaper)|Sun]]'' on Lea La Salle's claim that [[Freddie Starr|the comedian]] had eaten her pet in a sandwich. [[Max Clifford]] later admitted that the story was a fabrication.
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* ICE CREAM MAN HAS ASSETS FROZEN - [[BBC News]]: An ice cream salesman has his [[assets]] frozen for suspectedly [[smuggling]] [[tobacco]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4121006.stm BBC News | UK | Northern Ireland | Ice cream man has assets frozen<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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== See also ==
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* ''[[Headlines (The Tonight Show)|Headlines]]'' (from ''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]]'')
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* [[A-1 Headline]], a 2004 Hong Kong film
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* [[Bus plunge]], a type of news story, and accompanying headline
  
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==See also==
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== Further reading ==
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*[[Introduction (essay)]]
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* [[Harold Evans]] ''News Headlines'' (Editing and Design : Book Three) Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd (February 1974) ISBN-10: 0434905526 ISBN-13: 978-0434905522
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*[[Abstract (summary)]]
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* [[Fritz Spiegl]] ''What The Papers Didn't Mean to Say'' Scouse Press, Liverpool, 1965
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*[[Article (publishing)|Article]]
 
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*[[Essay]]
 
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{{wiktionary|lede}}
 
  
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[[Category:Copy editing|*]]
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== References ==
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[[Category:Literature|Literature]]
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<references/>
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[[Category:Writing|Writing]]
 
  
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{{lit-stub}}
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== External links ==
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* [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/frontpage/homepage.html Front Page - The British Library] Exhibition of famous newspaper headlines (2006)
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* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4342940,00.html Head you win: The readers' editor on the art of the headline writer]
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[[Category:Headlines| ]]
  
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[[cs:Perex]]
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[[de:Schlagzeile]]
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[[no:Ingress]]
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[[nl:Krantenkop]]
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[[sk:Per extensum (tlač)]]
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[[ja:見出し]]
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[[sv:Ingress]]
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[[pt:Manchete]]
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[[simple:Headline]]
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[[sv:Tidningsrubrik]]
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[[zh:頭條新聞]]

Revision as of 20:09, 6 February 2009

Template:Otheruses4 Template:Selfref Template:Wiktionary A headline is text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article below it.

It is sometimes termed a news hed, a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.

Format

Headlines are written in much larger type size than the article text, and often in a different font entirely. Headlines are often in sentence case, although title case is often used in the USA.

Headline conventions include normally using present tense even when discussing events that happened in the recent past; omitting forms of the verb "to be" in certain contexts; and removing short articles like "a" and "the". Most newspapers feature a very large headline on their front page, dramatically describing the biggest news of the day. Words chosen for headlines are often short, giving rise to headlinese.

A headline may also be followed by a smaller secondary headline, often called subhead or "deck hed", which gives more information.

Russ WillisonTemplate:Who describes headlines as the "barb on the hook."

Production of headlines within the editorial environment

Headlines are generally written by copy editors, but may also be written by the writer, the page layout designer or a news editor or managing editor.

The film The Shipping News has an illustrative exchange between the protagonist, who is learning how to write for a local newspaper, and his publisher:

Publisher: It's finding the center of your story, the beating heart of it, that's what makes a reporter. You have to start by making up some headlines. You know: short, punchy, dramatic headlines. Now, have a look, [pointing at dark clouds gathering in the sky over the ocean] what do you see? Tell me the headline.
Protagonist: HORIZON FILLS WITH DARK CLOUDS?
Publisher: IMMINENT STORM THREATENS VILLAGE.
Protagonist: But what if no storm comes?
Publisher: VILLAGE SPARED FROM DEADLY STORM.

In the United States, headline contests are sponsored by the American Copy Editors Society, the National Federation of Press Women, and many state press associations.

Unusual headlines

Occasionally, the need to keep headlines brief leads to unintentional double meanings, if not double entendres. For example, if the story is about the president of Iraq trying to acquire weapons, the headline might be IRAQI HEAD SEEKS ARMS. Or if some agricultural legislation is defeated in the United States House of Representatives, the title could read FARMER BILL DIES IN HOUSE.

See also

Further reading

  • Harold Evans News Headlines (Editing and Design : Book Three) Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd (February 1974) ISBN-10: 0434905526 ISBN-13: 978-0434905522
  • Fritz Spiegl What The Papers Didn't Mean to Say Scouse Press, Liverpool, 1965

References

  1. ↑ The New York City Transit Authority in the 1980s
  2. ↑ Great Satan sits down with the Axis of Evil
  3. ↑ Super Caley dream realistic?
  4. ↑ BBC News | UK | Northern Ireland | Ice cream man has assets frozen

External links

de:Schlagzeile nl:Krantenkop ja:見出し pt:Manchete simple:Headline sv:Tidningsrubrik zh:頭條新聞

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