Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Hot Air Balloons/Answer Key"

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Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier.

Death of de Rozier and Romain.

Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (born 30 March 1754 in Metz - died 15 June 1785 in Wimereux/Pas-de-Calais) was a French chemistry and physics teacher, and one of the first pioneers of aviation.

The son of an innkeeper, he botanized in the company of the duc de la Rochefoucauld, in the democratic companionship that early science fostered. His interests in the chemistry of drugs had been awakened in the military hospital of Metz, an important garrison town on the border of France. He made his way to Paris, then taught physics and chemistry at Reims, which brought him to the attention of the king's brother, Monsieur, the comte d'Artois, who put him in charge of his cabinet of natural history and made him a valet de chambre to Madame, which brought him his ennobled name, Pilâtre de Rozier. Soon however he opened his own museum in the Marais quarter of Paris, researched the new field of gases and invented a respirator.

In June 1783 he was present at the unoccupied balloon ascension of the Montgolfier brothers. That September he sent aloft from the front courtyard of Versailles, in an untethered balloon, a sheep, a cockerel and a duck. On 21 November 1783 he made the first manned free flight in history, accompanied by the Marquis d'Arlandes. During the 25-minute flight using a Montgolfier hot air balloon, they traveled 12 kilometers from the château of La Muette to the Butte aux Cailles in the then outskirts of Paris, attaining an altitude of 3000 feet.

De Rozier died during an attempted crossing of the English Channel when his balloon, a combination hydrogen and hot air balloon, exploded on 15 June 1785. Thus, he and his companion, Pierre Romain, became the first known victims of an air crash.

The modern hybrid gas and hot air balloon is named the Rozier balloon after his pioneering design.

da:Pilâtre de Rozier de:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier fr:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier sv:Pilâtre de Rozier

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-[[Image:Jacques Étienne Montgolfier.jpg|thumb|250px|Jacques Étienne Montgolfier]]
+[[Image:Pilatre de Rozier.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier.]]
+[[Image:Aviation fatality - Pilatre de Rozier and Romain.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Death of de Rozier and Romain.]]
-The '''Montgolfier brothers''', '''Joseph-Michel Montgolfier''' ([[August 26]], [[1740]] &#150; [[June 26]], [[1810]]) and '''Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier'''  ([[January 6]], [[1745]] &#150; [[August 2]], [[1799]]), [[inventor|invented]] the '''''montgolfière''''', or [[hot air balloon]].
+'''Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier''' (born [[30 March]] [[1754]] in [[Metz]] - died [[15 June]] [[1785]] in [[Wimereux]]/[[Pas-de-Calais]]) was a [[France|French]] [[chemistry]] and [[physics]] teacher, and one of the first pioneers of [[aviation]].
-The brothers were the sons of a [[paper]] manufacturer at [[Annonay]], south of [[Lyon]], [[France]].  When playing with inverted paper bags over open fire they found that the bags exploded and caused several severe third degree burns. This led them to cry and yell at the fire, slapping it with all their might. That only got them more burnt, so they were scarred from the fire for the rest of their life.
+The son of an innkeeper, he [[botany|botanized]] in the company of the [[François de La Rochefoucauld|duc de la Rochefoucauld]], in the democratic companionship that early science fostered. His interests in the chemistry of drugs had been awakened in the military hospital of [[Metz]], an important garrison town on the border of France. He made his way to [[Paris]], then taught physics and chemistry at [[Reims]], which brought him to the attention of the king's brother, [[Louis XVIII of France|Monsieur, the comte d'Artois]], who put him in charge of his ''cabinet'' of [[natural history]] and made him a ''valet de chambre'' to Madame, which brought him his ennobled name, Pilâtre de Rozier. Soon however he opened his own museum in the [[Le Marais|Marais]] quarter of Paris, researched the new field of [[gas]]es and invented a respirator.
-On [[December 14]], [[1782]] they succeeded in an outdoor launch of an 18 m&sup3; silk bag, which reached an altitude of 250 m.
+In June [[1783]] he was present at the unoccupied [[balloon]] ascension of the [[Montgolfier brothers]]. That September he sent aloft from the front courtyard of [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]], in an untethered balloon, a sheep, a cockerel and a duck. On [[21 November]] [[1783]] he made the first manned free flight in history, accompanied by the [[Marquis d'Arlandes]]. During the 25-minute flight using a Montgolfier [[hot air balloon]], they traveled 12 [[kilometer]]s from the château of La Muette to the [[Butte aux Cailles]] in the then [[suburb|outskirts]] of Paris, attaining an [[altitude]] of 3000 feet.
-On [[June 5]], [[1783]], as a first public demonstration, they sent up at Annonay a 900 m&sup3; linen bag inflated with hot air. Its flight covered 2 km, lasted 10 minutes, and had an estimated altitude of 1600 - 2000 m.
+De Rozier died during an attempted crossing of the [[English Channel]] when his balloon, a combination [[hydrogen]] and hot air balloon, exploded on [[15 June]] [[1785]].  Thus, he and his companion, Pierre Romain, became the first known victims of an [[air crash]].
-The subsequent test on September 19 sent up the fourth living beings in a basket attached to the ham: a sheep named Montauciel (meaning Climb-To-The-Sky), a duck and a cockerel, to ascertain the effects of the air at higher altitude. This was performed at [[Versailles]], before [[Louis XVI of France]], to gain his permission for a trial human flight. A tear occured on the top of the balloon, but the animals landed more or less safely. It flew for all of eight minutes.
+The modern hybrid gas and hot air balloon is named the '''[[Rozier balloon]]''' after his pioneering design.
-An ascent in a fixed balloon took place around [[October 15]] (12 or 14 according to Montgolfier), to an altitude of 26 m.
+[[Category:1757 births|Pilatre de Rozier, Jean-Francois]]
+[[Category:1785 deaths|Pilatre de Rozier, Jean-Francois]]
+[[Category:Balloonists|Pilatre de Rozier, Jean-Francois]]
-On [[November 21]], [[1783]], the first free flight by humans was made by [[Pilâtre de Rozier]] and the [[marquis d'Arlandes]], who flew aloft for 25 minutes about 10,000 metres above [[Paris]] for a distance of nine kilometres.
+[[da:Pilâtre de Rozier]]
-(A flight by Karl Friedrich Meerwein in 1781 with his "ornithopter", a flapping device, probably preceded this event, but it never became a generally used viable means of flight.)
+[[de:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
+[[fr:Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier]]
-The ascensions made a sensation. Numerous engravings commemorated the events. Chairs were designed with balloon backs, and  mantel clocks were produced in enamel and gilt-bronze replicas  set with a dial in the balloon.
+[[sv:Pilâtre de Rozier]]
-Only one of the brothers ever flew in a balloon himself, and then only once.
-In 1766, the British scientist [[Henry Cavendish]] had discovered hydrogen gas, by adding sulphuric acid to iron, tin,  zinc shavings, and [[hot air balloon]]s were superseded by [[hydrogen]] gas balloons.  This was followed by further flights, including a crossing of the English Channel on January 7, 1785, by Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries.  Balloons using heated air rather than lighter-than-air gasses did not return until the [[1960s]], when [[Raven Industries]] improved the safety of the classic Montgolfier design by using ripstop nylon for the envelope and [[propane]] gas as the burner fuel.
-==External links==
-*[http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2003/hetherington/final/montgolfier_bros.html "Lighter than air: the Montgolfier brothers"]
-*[http://www.start-flying.com/Montgolfier.htm "Balloons and the Montgolfier brothers"]
-*[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-64386 "Karl Friedrich Meerwein"]
-[[Category:Balloonists]]
-[[Category:French people]]
-[[Category:Sibling duos]]
-[[Category:1740 births]]
-[[Category:1810 deaths]]
-[[de:Montgolfier]]
-[[es:Hermanos Montgolfier]]
-[[fr:Frères Montgolfier]]
-[[he:האחים מונגולפייה]]
-[[io:Montgolfier fratuli]]
-[[ja:モンゴルフィエ兄弟]]
-[[no:Brødrene Montgolfier]]
-[[pl:Bracia Montgolfier]]
-[[sr:Браћа Монголфје]]
-[[fi:Montgolfierin veljekset]]
-[[sv:Montgolfier]]
-[[zh:孟格菲兄弟]]
-[[pt:Etiene e Joseph Montgolfier]]