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| − | A '''heating pad''' is a pad used for warming of parts of the body in order to manage [[Pain and nociception|pain]]. Localized application of heat causes the blood vessels in that area to [[vasodilator|dilate]], enhancing [[perfusion]] to the targeted tissue. Such pads are now usually [[electric|electrical]] or [[chemical]], though in the past "[[hot water bottle]]s" were used and sometimes still are. | + | A [[soft diet]] is recommended in many situations, including some types of [[dysphagia]] (difficulty swallowing), surgery involving the mouth or [[gastrointestinal tract]], and pain from newly adjusted [[dental braces|braces]]. |
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| − | Electric pads usually operate from household current and must have protections against overheating. Chemical pads employ a chemical heat reservoir (see below) or a one-time chemical reaction such as [[catalyst|catalyzed]] [[rusting]] of [[iron]].
| + | In some situations, there are additional restrictions. For example, patients who need to avoid excessive [[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease|reflux]], such as those recovering from esophageal surgery for [[achalasia]], are also instructed to stay away from foods that can aggravate [[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease|reflux]], which include ketchup and other tomato products, citrus fruits, chocolate, mint, spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine. |
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| − | ==Types==
| + | Many of the foods listed here can be adapted for a "full liquid" diet (not a "clear liquid" diet) by processing in a blender with an appropriate thinning liquid, such as a meat broth, fruit or vegetable juice, or milk. |
| − | [[image:Hand warmer.jpg|right|thumb|A sodium acetate heat pad]]
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| − | A '''sodium acetate heat pad''' contains a [[supersaturated]] solution of [[sodium acetate]] (CH<sub>3</sub>COONa) that heats when you start the [[crystallization]] process by clicking the piece of metal that is in the liquid.
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| − | Because the liquid is [[supersaturated]], i.e. the temperature of the solution is raised so that more Sodium Acetate is in solution than could be normally dissolved at room temperature. Clicking makes it crystallize suddenly thereby releasing the energy of the crystal lattice. See [[sodium acetate]] for a more technical discussion.
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| − | The heat is released on solidification, which is triggered by flexing a (patented[http://www.sfu.ca/physics/ugrad/courses/teaching_resources/demoindex/thermal/th4c/patentheatpack.html]) small flat disc of notched [[ferrous]] metal which releases very tiny adhered crystals of sodium acetate [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/108065684/ABSTRACT] into the solution which then act as nucleation sites for the recrystallization of the remainder of the salt solution.
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| − | To reuse the pad, it is placed in boiling water for 10-15 minutes which redissolves the sodium acetate in the contained water, once again creating a supersaturated solution. Once the pad has returned to room temperature it can be triggered again. If one attempts to trigger the pad before it is cool, the pad will not be as hot as compared to if one waited until it was cool.
| + | == Grains/starches == |
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| − | A '''microwavable heating pad''' is a heating pad that is warmed by placing it in a [[microwave oven]] before use. Microwavable heating pads are typically made out of a thick insulative fabric such as flannel and filled with grains such as [[buckwheat]] or [[flax seed]]. Due to their relative simplicity to make, they are frequently sewn by hand, often with a custom shape to fit the intended area of use. These types of pads have been known to ignite during or after the microwave process and cause fires.
| + | *Pasta cooked soft |
| | + | *Rice cooked soft |
| | + | *Mashed potatoes and gravy |
| | + | *Oatmeal and other cooked cereals |
| | + | *Macaroni & cheese |
| | + | *Bread should be AVOIDED |
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| − | Often, [[aroma compound|aromatic compound]]s will also be added to the filler mixture to create a pleasant or soothing smell when heated. The source of these can vary significantly, ranging from adding [[essential oil]]s to ground up [[spices]] such as [[clove]]s and [[nutmeg]], or even dried [[rose]] petals.
| + | == Proteins == |
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| − | A '''moist heating pad''' is a heating pad that is used to dry the users skin. These pads register temperatures from 170 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit (76 to 82 °C) and are intended for deep tissue treatment and should never be left turned on unattended. Mainly used by physical therapists but can be found for home use.
| + | *Tofu |
| | + | *Cottage cheese |
| | + | *Yogurt |
| | + | *Scrambled eggs |
| | + | *Fish cooked soft |
| | + | *Meat loaf, meatballs, and other soft dishes made of ground meat |
| | + | *Hamburgers, steak and ribs should not be eaten |
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| − | A '''moist heating pad''' is a heating pad that is NOT used to dry the users skin. They are hot enough to draw moisture from the enviornment allowing a "moist heat" treatment for the treated area. A moist cloth can be added with a stupe cover to ad more moisture to the treatment. Source: (Thermophore.com[http://www.thermophore.com])
| + | == Fruits and vegetables == |
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| − | == Function ==
| + | *Applesauce |
| | + | *Bananas |
| | + | *Peeled pears or peaches |
| | + | *Avocados |
| | + | *Creamed spinach |
| | + | *Many kinds of [[soup]] |
| | + | *Carrots, broccoli, or other vegetables cooked soft or processed in the blender |
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| − | Many episodes of pain come from [[muscle]] exertion or strain, which creates tension in the muscles and [[soft tissue]]s. This tension can constrict [[circulatory system|circulation]], sending pain signals to the [[brain]]. Heat application eases pain by:
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| − | * dilating the [[blood vessel]]s surrounding the painful area. Increased [[blood]] flow provides additional [[oxygen]] and nutrients to help heal the damaged muscle tissue.
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| − | * stimulating sensation in the [[skin]] and therefore decreasing the pain signals being transmitted to the brain
| + | == Desserts == |
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| − | * increasing the flexibility (and decreasing painful stiffness) of soft tissues surrounding the injured area, including muscles and [[connective tissue]]. | + | *Cheesecake |
| | + | *Pudding |
| | + | *Fruit smoothies |
| | + | *Milkshakes |
| | + | *Ice cream |
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| − | As many heating pads are portable, heat may be applied as needed at home, at work, or while traveling. Some physicians recommend alternating heat and [[ice]] for [[pain management|pain relief]]. ''As with any pain treatment, a physician should be consulted prior to beginning treatment.''
| + | == See also == |
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| − | ==See also==
| + | [http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/dysph.asp NIDCD information on dysphagia] |
| − | *[[Hand warmer]]
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| − | == References ==
| + | [http://dysphagiaonline.com Dysphagia Online] |
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| − | * [http://www.spine-health.com/topics/conserv/heat_therapy/heat_therapy01.html Benefits of heat therapy for lower back pain]
| + | [http://www.dentalhealth.org.uk/faqs/leafletdetail.php?LeafletID=53 British Dental Health Foundation] |
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| − | [[Category:Medical treatments]]
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| − | [[Category:Medical equipment]]
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| − | [[Category:Heat]]
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| − | | + | [[Category:Nutrition]] |
| − | [[de:Wärmekissen]] | + | [[Category:Diets]] |
| − | [[nl:Natriumacetaat-verwarmertje]] | |
A soft diet is recommended in many situations, including some types of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), surgery involving the mouth or gastrointestinal tract, and pain from newly adjusted braces.
In some situations, there are additional restrictions. For example, patients who need to avoid excessive reflux, such as those recovering from esophageal surgery for achalasia, are also instructed to stay away from foods that can aggravate reflux, which include ketchup and other tomato products, citrus fruits, chocolate, mint, spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine.
Many of the foods listed here can be adapted for a "full liquid" diet (not a "clear liquid" diet) by processing in a blender with an appropriate thinning liquid, such as a meat broth, fruit or vegetable juice, or milk.
Grains/starches
- Pasta cooked soft
- Rice cooked soft
- Mashed potatoes and gravy
- Oatmeal and other cooked cereals
- Macaroni & cheese
- Bread should be AVOIDED
Proteins
- Tofu
- Cottage cheese
- Yogurt
- Scrambled eggs
- Fish cooked soft
- Meat loaf, meatballs, and other soft dishes made of ground meat
- Hamburgers, steak and ribs should not be eaten
Fruits and vegetables
- Applesauce
- Bananas
- Peeled pears or peaches
- Avocados
- Creamed spinach
- Many kinds of soup
- Carrots, broccoli, or other vegetables cooked soft or processed in the blender
Desserts
- Cheesecake
- Pudding
- Fruit smoothies
- Milkshakes
- Ice cream
See also
NIDCD information on dysphagia
Dysphagia Online
British Dental Health Foundation
