AY Honors/Gold Prospecting/Answer Key/es

Prospección de oro
Asociación General Actividades recreacionales	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 2008

Requisitos

1

Crear una lista de equipos usados en la búsqueda de oro. Describir cada artículo y decir para qué se usa. La lista debe incluir al menos los siguientes:

1a

Batea de lavar oro

1b

Clasificador

1c

Botellas de plástico suave

1d

Pala

1e

Pico

1f

Balde

1g

Palilla

1h

Alzaprima

1i

Martillo de roca

1j

Herramienta para grieta

1k

Agua potable

1l

Otros artículos posibles.

2

Definir los siguientes términos:

2a

Mina de oro (sacarse la lotería)

2b

Cuarzo

2c

Pirita

2d

Arena amarilla

2e

Arena negra

2f

Depósito aluvial

2g

Veta

2h

Pepita

2i

Hojuela

2j

Polvo

2k

Densidad relativa (específica)

2l

Lavado de oro con agua o aire

2m

Mercurio (uso histórico) NO USADO HOY EN DÍA

2n

Libra troy

2o

Onza troy

2p

Peso de un penique

2q

Grano

2r

Fiebre del oro

3

¿Cuáles son las siguientes características de identificación del oro?

3a

Densidad relativa (específica)

3b

Color de reflejo

3c

Color

4

¿Cuáles son algunos lugares en un río o en un riachuelo para buscar oro?

5

Hacer una cronología que contenga al menos 15 puntos acerca de la historia de la búsqueda de oro, desde el año 1600 hasta el presente, incluyendo las siguientes fiebres de oro: fiebre de oro de California, fiebre de oro de Klondike/Yukón, fiebre de oro de Witwatersrand y la fiebre de oro victoriana.

Population of Melbourne (excluding Aboriginal Population)
Year	Population
1835	0
1840	10,000
1851	29,000
1854	123,000

The population of Melbourne grew swiftly as the gold fever took hold. The total number of people in Victoria also rose. By 1851 it was 75,000 people. Ten years later this rose to over 500,000.

First obtained was the alluvial gold found on the surface. It is reported that miners when first arrived on the Mount Tarrengower fields nuggets were picked up without digging. This was followed by exploitation of alluvial gold usually in creeks and rivers. The seekers used gold pans, puddling boxes and cradles to separate this gold from the dirt and water.

As alluvial gold ran out, underground or deep lead mining began. This was harder and dangerous. Locales such as Bendigo and Ballarat saw great concentrations of miners as teams and syndicates sank shafts. Coupled with erratic and vexatious policing and license checks, tensions flared around Beechworth Bendigo and Ballarat. These tensions culminated in the Eureka Rebellion of 1854. Following the rebellion, a range of reforms gave miners a greater democratic say in resolving disputes via Mining Courts and an extended electoral franchise.

At Walhalla alone, Cohens Reef produced over 50 tonnes (1.6 million tr oz) of gold in 40 years of mining.

Major and long lasting impact

Australia's population changed dramatically as a result of the rushes. In 1851 the Australian population was 437,655, of which 77,345, or just under 18%, were Victorians. A decade later the Australian population had grown to 1,151,947 and the Victorian population had increased to 538,628; just under 47% of the Australian total and a sevenfold increase. In some small country towns where gold was found abundant, the population could grow of over 1000% in a decade (e.g. Rutherglen had a population of ~2'000. Ten years later, it had ~60'000 which is a 3000% increase). The rapid growth was predominantly a result of the gold rushes.

The gold rush is reflected in the architecture of Victorian gold-boom cities like Melbourne, Castlemaine, Ballarat, Bendigo and Ararat. Ballarat has Sovereign Hill — a 60 acre (240,000 m²) recreation of a gold rush town — as well as the Gold Museum, while Bendigo has a large operating gold mine system which also functions as a tourist attraction.

The rushes left the legacy of quaint Victorian towns in the Goldfields tourist region like Maldon, Beechworth, Clunes, Heathcote, Victoria, Maryborough, Daylesford, Stawell, Beaufort, Creswick, St Arnaud, Dunolly, Inglewood and Buninyong. With the exception of Ballarat and Bendigo, many of these towns were substantially larger than they are today. Most populations moved to other districts when gold played out in a given locality.

At the other end of the spectrum ghost towns, such as Walhalla, Mafeking and Steiglitz still exist.

As with many gold towns, after deposits of gold had been exploited, the town of Cassilis ceased to exist. This picture shows the remains of part of King Cassilis Mine

The last major gold rush in Victoria was at Berringa, south of Ballarat, in the first decade of the 20th century. Gold mining ceased in Victoria, not because there was no more gold but in part because of the depth and cost of pumping. The First World War also drained Australia of the labour needed to work the mines, but worse the prohibition on the export of gold from Australia in 1915, the abolition of the gold standard throughout the Empire, saw many goldtowns in Victoria die. The slump in gold production never recovered. However, as of 2005 the recent increase in the gold price has seen a resurgence in commercial mining activity; mining has yet to be resumed in Bendigo, while some is occurring in Ballarat, and exploration proceeds elsewhere, for example, in Glen Wills, an isolated mountain area near Mitta Mitta in north-eastern Victoria.

6

Aprender acerca del lavado del oro haciendo una de las siguientes actividades:

6a

Hacer lavado de oro (preferido)

Most states in the U.S. have areas where gold can be located. The best way to meet this requirement is to go to an area and actually dig up the material and pan it there. It would be best for the instructor to scout the area first and find a location where there is at least some gold available, ideally there should be at least a few flakes or specs of gold in each pan.

Another way to meet this requirement is for the instructor to get some gold bearing material and then have the students pan it in some type of trough, the plastic pans available at your local hardware store for mixing mortar work well. You can also build a panning trough out of 2x10 lumber with a thin plywood bottom and line it with plastic.

You can also purchase black sand concentrates from various locations on the Internet. These can be mixed with sand and gravel from a local river or stream bank and then used for panning. When panning don’t fill the pan completely full. It is easier, especially for beginners to start with a pan that is 1/2 to 3/4 full. You may also want to drop a small lead weight like a fishing weight into the pan. If the lead is still in the pan when the pan is down to just black sands then you can be sure that the gold is still there also.

6b

Practicar la batea de oro usando plomo aplanado o tungsteno mezclado con arena (preferible de un banco de arena de un río)

Get some sand and gravel, from a river or stream bank if possible, and mix in a specific number of flattened lead or tungsten shot. Tungsten shot would be the best choice for two reasons if you can find it. First unlike lead, tungsten is non toxic, and second, while lead at 11.3 is only about half the specific gravity of gold, tungsten is almost identical at 19.62.

7

Encontrar los siguientes versículos de la Biblia y discutirlos en relación con la búsqueda de oro.

7a

Mateo 13:44-46

⁴⁴The kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field, which someone found and hid; then in his joy he goes and sells all that he has and buys that field. ⁴⁵Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine pearls; ⁴⁶on finding one pearl of great value, he went and sold all that he had and bought it.
-- Matthew 13:44-46

This verse suggests that it is perfectly acceptable to prospect for high value items. God wants us to be financially successful. The kingdom of heaven, like high value treasure, is worth having.

7b

Mateo 6:19-21

¹⁹Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal. ²⁰But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal. ²¹For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
-- Matthew 6:19-21

Here Jesus covers the flip side of earthly treasure. Putting earthly wealth ahead of heaven is disaster. As in most things, Christians need to seek a reasonable balance on earth and put the emphasis on heavenly things.