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Worsted is the name of both a yarn, usually made from wool, and the cloth made from this yarn. The name derives from the village of Worstead in the English county of Norfolk. This village became, along with North Walsham and Aylsham, a centre for the manufacture of yarn and cloth after weavers from Flanders arrived in Norfolk in the 12th century.^[1]

The yarn

The long staple wool (although nowadays medium and short fibres are also used) is "carded" and made into continuous, untwisted strands or ropes called "slivers". The slivers are blended and then combed to make the fibres lie parallel. After this, the slivers are tightly twisted ("worsted") and spun.

The essential feature of a worsted yarn is straightness of fibre. Prior to the introduction of automatic machinery there was little difficulty in attaining this straightness of fibre, as long wool was always used, and the sliver was made up by hand before combing.

However, with the introduction of Richard Arkwright's water frame in 1771, and the later introduction of cap and mule spinning machines, the need for perfectly prepared slivers became apparent, and many manufactories used one or more preparatory "gill-boxes" (combing machines) before the worsting process, to ensure straightness of fibre and even distribution of the lubricant.

The term "worsted" today is applied to any yarn spun from fibres three inches in length or longer that have been carded, combed, and drawn, not just wool. Acrylic and other yarns can be called "worsted," and this is a reference to the weight of the yarn as much as the production process.

The cloth

Worsted cloth, archaically also known as "stuff", is lightweight and has a hard, smooth texture. The weave is usually twill or plain. Twilled fabrics such as whipcord, gabardine and serge are often made from worsted yarn.

Worsted is also used for carpets, garments, hosiery, gloves, and Billiard table cloth.

Contrast woolen.

References

^ Worstead village history. Retrieved December 15, 2005.
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-'''Worsted''' is the name of a [[yarn]] and [[cloth]] usually made from [[wool]]. The name derives from the village of [[Worstead]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Norfolk]]. The village became, along with [[North Walsham]] and [[Aylsham]], a centre for the manufacture of yarn and cloth, after weavers from [[Flanders]] arrived in Norfolk in the 12th century.{{ref|worvws}}
+'''Worsted''' is the name of both a [[yarn]], usually made from [[wool]], and the [[cloth]] made from this yarn. The name derives from the village of [[Worstead]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Norfolk]]. This village became, along with [[North Walsham]] and [[Aylsham]], a centre for the manufacture of yarn and cloth after weavers from [[Flanders]] arrived in Norfolk in the 12th century.{{ref|worvws}}
-The yarn is well twisted and [[spinning|spun]] of long staple wool (though nowadays also medium and short [[fibre]]s are used). The wool is combed so that the fibres lie parallel. The essential feature of a worsted yarn is straightness of fibre. Prior to the introduction of automatic machinery there was little difficulty in attaining this characteristic, as long wool was invariably employed and the sliver was made up by hand Worsted and then twisted. With the introduction of Arkwrights ~ water frame or throstle the necessity for prepared ~ slivers became apparent, and with the later introduction of cap and mule spinning the necessity for perfectly prepared slivers has been so accentuated that the preparatory machinery has quite one or two more gill-boxes, prior to combing, to ensure straightness of fibre and even distribution of the lubricant.
+==The yarn==
-The cloth has a hard, smooth texture, usually [[whipcord]], [[gabardine]] or [[serge]], and the usual [[weave]] is a [[twill]] weave.
+The long staple wool (although nowadays medium and short [[fibre]]s are also used) is "carded" and made into continuous, untwisted strands or ropes called "slivers". The slivers are blended and then combed to make the fibres lie parallel. After this, the slivers are tightly twisted ("worsted") and [[spinning|spun]].
-Worsted is also used for [[carpet]]s, [[Clothing|garments]], [[hosiery]] and [[glove]]s.
+The essential feature of a worsted yarn is straightness of fibre. Prior to the introduction of automatic machinery there was little difficulty in attaining this straightness of fibre, as long wool was always used, and the sliver was made up by hand before combing.
+However, with the introduction of [[Richard Arkwright]]'s [[water frame]] in 1771, and the later introduction of cap and mule spinning machines, the need for perfectly prepared slivers became apparent, and many [[factory|manufactories]] used one or more preparatory "gill-boxes" (combing machines) before the worsting process, to ensure straightness of fibre and even distribution of the [[lubricant]].
+The term "worsted" today is applied to any yarn spun from fibres three inches in length or longer that have been carded, combed, and drawn, not just wool. [[Acrylic fiber|Acrylic]] and other yarns can be called "worsted," and this is a reference to the weight of the yarn as much as the production process.
+==The cloth==
+Worsted cloth, archaically also known as "stuff", is lightweight and has a hard, smooth texture. The [[weaving|weave]] is usually [[twill]] or plain. Twilled fabrics such as [[whipcord]], [[gabardine]] and [[serge]] are often made from worsted yarn.
+Worsted is also used for [[carpet]]s, [[Clothing|garments]], [[hosiery]], [[glove]]s, and [[Billiard table]] cloth.
 Contrast [[woolen]].
@@ Line 16: / Line 26: @@
 [[Category:Textiles]]
 [[de:Kammgarn]]
-The term "worsted" today is applied to any yarn spun from fibers three inches in length or longer that have been carded, combed, and drawn, not just wool. Acrylic and other yarns can be called "worsted," and this is a reference to the weight of the yarn as much as the production process.
-Combing machines straighten "slivers", a continuous, untwisted strand or rope of parallel fibers approximately uniform in cross-section, produced by the carding and drawing process. Carded slivers are blended prior to combing in the manufacture of worsted yarn. The combing process makes the fibers lie parallel to each other.