Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Conflict Resolution/Answer Key"

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'''Active listening''' is an intent to "[[Hearing (sense)|listen]] for meaning", in which the listener checks with the speaker to see that a statement has been correctly heard and understood.  The goal of active listening is to improve mutual [[understanding]]. 
  
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==Purpose==
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When [[Interaction|interacting]], people often are not listening attentively to one another. They may be distracted, thinking about other things, or thinking about what they are going to say next, (the latter case is particularly true in [[conflict]] situations or disagreements).
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Active listening is a structured way of listening and responding to others. It focuses attention on the speaker. Suspending one’s own frame of reference and suspending judgment, are important in order to fully [[Attention|attend]] to the speaker.
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==Tactics==
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It is important to observe the other person's [[behavior]] and [[body language]].  Having heard, the listener may then [[paraphrase]] the speaker’s words. It is important to note that the listener is not necessarily agreeing with the speaker&mdash;simply stating what was said. In [[emotion]]ally charged [[communication]]s, the listener may listen for [[feelings]]. Thus, rather than merely repeating what the speaker has said, the active listener might describe the underlying emotion (“you seem to feel angry” or “you seem to feel frustrated, is that because…?”).
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Individuals in conflict often [[Contradiction|contradict]] one another.  This has the effect of denying the validity of the other person’s position.  This can make one [[self-defense|defensive]], and they may either lash out, or withdraw. On the other hand, if one finds that the other partly understands, an atmosphere of [[cooperation]] can be created.  This increases the possibility of [[Collaboration|collaborating]] and resolving the conflict.
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==Use==
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Active listening is used in a wide variety of situations, including [[tutoring]],<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1115096 | title = Roles and responsibilities of the problem based learning tutor in the undergraduate medical curriculum | author = Gillian Maudsley | date = 1999 March 6 | volume = 318 | issue = 7184 | pages = 657–661 | journal = British Medical Journal }}</ref> medical workers talking to patients,<ref name="floyd">{{cite journal |author=Lang F, Floyd MR, Beine KL |title=Clues to patients' explanations and concerns about their illnesses. A call for active listening |journal=Arch Fam Med |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=222–7 |year=2000 |pmid=10728107 |doi=}}</ref> [[HIV]] counseling,<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/102211101.html | title = HIV counselling skills used by health care workers in Zambia (abstract no. PD0743) | author = Baxter P, Campbell T. | journal = Int Conf AIDS | date = 1994 Aug 7-12 | volume = 10 | issue = 390}}</ref> helping [[suicidal]] persons,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Laflamme G |title=[Helping suicidal persons by active listening] |language=French |journal=Infirm Que |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=35 |year=1996 |pmid=9147668 |doi=}}</ref> management,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mineyama S, Tsutsumi A, Takao S, Nishiuchi K, Kawakami N |title=Supervisors' attitudes and skills for active listening with regard to working conditions and psychological stress reactions among subordinate workers |journal=J Occup Health |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=81–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17429164 |doi=}}</ref> [[counseling]] and [[Journalism|journalistic]] settings.  In groups it may aid in reaching [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]].  It may also be used in casual conversation to build understanding. 
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The benefits of active listening include getting people to open up, avoiding misunderstandings, resolving conflict and building [[Trust (sociology)|trust]].
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In a medical context, benefits may include increased patient satisfaction,<ref name="floyd" /> improving cross-cultural communication,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Davidhizar R |title=Listening--a nursing strategy to transcend culture |journal=J Pract Nurs |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=22–4; quiz 26–7 |year=2004 |pmid=15460343 |doi=}}</ref> improved outcomes,<ref name="floyd" /> or decreased [[litigation]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Robertson K |title=Active listening: more than just paying attention |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1053–5 |year=2005 |pmid=16333490 |doi=}}</ref>.
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Active listening can be measured by the Active Listening Observation Scale.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fassaert T, van Dulmen S, Schellevis F, Bensing J |title=Active listening in medical consultations: development of the Active Listening Observation Scale (ALOS-global) |journal=Patient Educ Couns |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=258–64 |year=2007 |pmid=17689042 |doi=10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.011}}</ref>
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==See also==
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* [[Informational listening]]
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==References==
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<references/>
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==External links==
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* [http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HE361 Active listening: A communication tool]
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* [http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/activel.htm Active Listening] International Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict: Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA
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* [http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/ucce50/ag-labor/7article/article40.htm Empathic listening skills] How to listen so others will feel heard, or listening first aid (University of California). Download a one hour seminar on empathic listening and attending skills.
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* [http://crs.uvm.edu/gopher/nerl/personal/comm/e.html Exercise 4 — Active Listening], Center for Rural Studies, University of Vermont, Montpelier
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* [http://www.listen.org  Homepage of the International Listening Association] A professional organization dedicated to learning more about the impact that listening has on all human activity
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* [http://spiritize.blogspot.com/2007/10/active-listening.html Active Listening] Provides tips to improve empathic listening skills.
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* [http://www.personadev.com/2008/02/09/10-tips-to-be-a-better-listener/ How to Be a Better Listener] Describes 10 ways to increase our active listening abilities.
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* [http://communication-skills-4confidence.com/active-listening.html  What is active listening?]
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* [http://www.salesconcepts.com/nl0698c.htm Guidelines for Active Listening and Reflection]
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[[Category:Hearing]]
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[[Category:Interpersonal conflict]]
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<!-- interwiki -->
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[[de:Aktives Zuhören]]
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[[hr:Aktivno slušanje]]
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[[nl:Actief luisteren]]
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[[fi:Aktiivinen kuuntelu]]

Revision as of 07:05, 3 March 2008

Template:Unreferenced Active listening is an intent to "listen for meaning", in which the listener checks with the speaker to see that a statement has been correctly heard and understood. The goal of active listening is to improve mutual understanding.

Purpose

When interacting, people often are not listening attentively to one another. They may be distracted, thinking about other things, or thinking about what they are going to say next, (the latter case is particularly true in conflict situations or disagreements).

Active listening is a structured way of listening and responding to others. It focuses attention on the speaker. Suspending one’s own frame of reference and suspending judgment, are important in order to fully attend to the speaker.

Tactics

It is important to observe the other person's behavior and body language. Having heard, the listener may then paraphrase the speaker’s words. It is important to note that the listener is not necessarily agreeing with the speaker—simply stating what was said. In emotionally charged communications, the listener may listen for feelings. Thus, rather than merely repeating what the speaker has said, the active listener might describe the underlying emotion (“you seem to feel angry” or “you seem to feel frustrated, is that because…?”).

Individuals in conflict often contradict one another. This has the effect of denying the validity of the other person’s position. This can make one defensive, and they may either lash out, or withdraw. On the other hand, if one finds that the other partly understands, an atmosphere of cooperation can be created. This increases the possibility of collaborating and resolving the conflict.

Use

Active listening is used in a wide variety of situations, including tutoring,& medical workers talking to patients,& HIV counseling,& helping suicidal persons,& management,& counseling and journalistic settings. In groups it may aid in reaching consensus. It may also be used in casual conversation to build understanding.

The benefits of active listening include getting people to open up, avoiding misunderstandings, resolving conflict and building trust. In a medical context, benefits may include increased patient satisfaction,& improving cross-cultural communication,& improved outcomes,& or decreased litigation&.

Active listening can be measured by the Active Listening Observation Scale.&

See also

References

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External links

de:Aktives Zuhören hr:Aktivno slušanje nl:Actief luisteren fi:Aktiivinen kuuntelu

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