Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Drumming & Percussion/Answer Key"

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{{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}}
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{{otheruses}}
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A '''rudiment''' is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a great variety of ways to create drumming music.
  
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{{otheruses4|the percussion unit of a marching band|the 2002 film|Drumline (film)}}
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There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of [[snare drum]] rudiments. The [[National Association of Rudimental Drummers]] (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the [[Percussive Arts Society]] (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".
  
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[[Image:AU-Drumline-CottonBowl-07.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Auburn University]] multi-tenors warm up]]
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== The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments ==
 +
=== [[Single-stroke roll|Single Stroke Roll Rudiments]] ===
  
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A '''drumline''' or '''drum line''' is a group of [[percussion instrument]]s usually played as part of a marching ensemble. Drumlines are usually incorporated into high school or college [[marching band]]s, [[drum and bugle corps]] or [[drum and lyre corps]], [[indoor percussion ensemble]]s, and [[pipe band]]s, but also can exist independent of these ensembles.
 
  
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The term '''battery''' is often interchangeable with ''drumline'', but refers specifically to mobile percussion – especially snare, tenor, and bass drums, and cymbals. Stationary percussion within a marching ensemble is called the ''[[front ensemble]]'' or ''pit''.
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>1.</td><td>Single Stroke Rolls</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:1_single_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>2.</td><td>Single Stroke Four</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:2_single_stroke_four.gif]]</td>
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  </tr>
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  <tr>
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    <td>3.</td><td>Single Stroke Seven</td>
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    <td>[[image:3_single_stroke_seven.gif]]</td>
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  </tr>
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</table>
  
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== Composition ==
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=== Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments ===
  
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Drumlines typically consist of marching [[snare drum]]s, [[tenor drum]]s, [[Bass drum#Marching bass drums|bass drum]]s, and – less universally – [[cymbal]]s. In the past, marching [[timpani]] were common before the adoption of the front ensemble, as were marching keyboard percussion instruments such as [[glockenspiel]]s and [[xylophone]]s. Marching [[steelpan]]s are rarely part of drumlines due to issues with volume and durability, and are typically used in large ensembles with only steelpans.
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>4.</td><td>Multiple Bounce Roll</td>
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    <td>[[image:4_multiple_bounce_roll.gif]]</td>
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  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>5.</td><td>Triple Stroke Roll</td>
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    <td>[[image:5_triple_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
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</table>
  
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=== Snares ===
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gay
  
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[[Image:17ton.jpg|thumb|Right|A drumline with sling-harness snares.]]
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=== [[Diddle|Diddle Rudiments]] ===
  
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Marching [[snare drum]]s have high tension heads typically made of [[Kevlar]] or [[PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film]]. In the past, snares were typically carried with slings, and because of the tilt performers used [[traditional grip]]. Most modern snare drums have rigid over-the-shoulder harnesses that hold the drum with the playing surface parallel to the ground, which affords the option of performing with [[matched grip]].
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>16.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Single Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:16_single_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>17.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Double Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:17_double_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>18.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Triple Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:18_triple_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>19.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Paradiddle-Diddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:19_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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Snare parts are typically unison and provide the center rhythm of the drumline. The snare drum line is the center of tempo in the ensemble, and the "center snare", a position typically held by the most experienced snare drummer, is responsible for maintaining the tempo. When rehearsing or performing, the center snare may "tap off" the ensemble, setting the tempo with a solo rhythm.
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=== [[Flam|Flam Rudiments]] ===
  
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=== Tenors ===
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>20.</td><td>[[Flam]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:20_flam.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>21.</td><td>[[Flam|Flam Accent]]</td>
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    <td>[[image:21_flam_accent.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>22.</td><td>[[Flam|Flam Tap]]</td>
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    <td>[[image:22_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>23.</td><td>[[Flamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:23_flamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>24.</td><td>[[Flamadiddle|Flam Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:24_flam_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>25.</td><td>Single Flammed Mill</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:25_single_flammed_mill.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>26.</td><td>Flam Paradiddle-Diddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:26_flam_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>27.</td><td>[[Pataflafla|PataFlaFla]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:27_pata_flafla.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>28.</td><td>[[Swiss Army Triplet]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:28_swiss_army_triplet.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>29.</td><td>Inverted Flam Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:29_inverted_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>30.</td><td>Flam Drag</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:30_flam_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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[[Image:UVa-Marching-Band.jpg|right|thumb|A tenor drummer in the [[Cavalier Marching Band]].]]
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=== [[Drag (percussion)|Drag Rudiments]] ===
  
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Contemporary [[tenor drum]]s (also called ''toms'', ''quads'', or ''quints'') single-headed tonal drums mounted four to six to a set. Tenor players add pitch variety to the drumline with drums of different sizes and tuning. Tenor players use [[matched grip]], and generally play with mallets with plastic disc-shaped heads, though traditional drumsticks and softer mallets are commonly used to achieve different [[timbre]]s. Tenor drummers typically play in unison.
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>31.</td><td>[[Drag (percussion)|Drag]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:31_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>32.</td><td>Single Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:32_single_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>33.</td><td>Double Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:33_double_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>34.</td><td>Lesson 25</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:34_lesson_25.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>35.</td><td>Single Dragadiggle</td>
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    <td>[[image:35_single_dragadiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>36.</td><td>[[Drag Paradiddle|Drag Paradiddle #1]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:36_drag_paradiddle_1.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>37.</td><td>[[Drag Paradiddle|Drag Paradiddle #2]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:37_drag_paradiddle_2.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>38.</td><td>[[Ratamacue|Single Ratamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:38_single_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>39.</td><td>[[Ratamacue|Double Ratamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:39_double_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>40.</td><td>[[Ratamacue|Triple Ratamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:40_triple_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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=== Basses ===
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== Historical Organization ==
 +
=== The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments ===
 +
# The Long [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The Five Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The Seven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The [[Flam]]
 +
# The [[Flam]] Accent
 +
# The [[Flam]] [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Flamacue
 +
# The Ruff
 +
# The Single Drag
 +
# The Double Drag
 +
# The Double [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Single Ratamacue
 +
# The Triple Ratamacue
  
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[[Image:Cavaliers Bassque 2006.jpg|right|thumb|A five bass drum line from the [[Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps]].]]
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=== The Second Thirteen Rudiments ===
  
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Marching bass drums are most frequently used as tonal drums split between several percussionists. Each drummer plays a unique part, though the entire bass drum part is conceived as a whole. Marching bass drums, which produce the deepest sound in the battery, are larger drums carried on harnesses with the heads facing the front and back sidelines. The musicians carrying the bass drums typically line up in size order. Bass drummers use mallets with rounded or cylindrical heads often made of hard [[felt]]. Small bass drum lines typically consist of four or five members to ensure enough for a melody, and large lines can have eight or more drummers.
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<ol start=14>
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Nine Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Ten Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Eleven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Thirteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Fifteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #1
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #2
 +
  <li>The Flam [[Paradiddle]]-diddle
 +
  <li>The Lesson 25
 +
  <li>The Double Ratamacue
 +
</ol>
  
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=== Cymbals ===
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=== The Last Fourteen Rudiments ===
  
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Marching [[cymbal]]s are typically pairs of [[crash cymbals]] played in a variety of ways. Cymbals are [[bronze]] with leather carrying straps. Players in cymbal lines may all carry the same size and type of cymbal, or a variety of instruments may be used. Cymbals are played being held before the body, in unison or split parts. In addition to being played by the cymbalists, snare drummers may play on the cymbals as [[ride cymbals]] or like [[hi-hat]]s, thus there is typically a minimum of one cymbalist for every two snare drummers. Cymbals are also used for visual effects due to their reflective surfaces. Many contemporary field ensembles do not utilize a cymbal line, as cymbals are played in the front ensemble.
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More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.
  
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=== Front ensemble ===
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<ol start=27>
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{{main|Front ensemble}}
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  <li>The Single Stroke Four
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke Seven
 +
  <li>The Multiple Bounce [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Six Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Seventeen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]-Diddle
 +
  <li>The Single [[flam|Flammed]] Mill
 +
  <li>The [[Pataflafla]]
 +
  <li>The [[Swiss Army Triplet]]
 +
  <li>The Inverted [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] [[Drag (percussion)|Drag]]
 +
  <li>The Single Dragadiddle
 +
</ol>
  
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The [[front ensemble]] (also called the ''pit'') can include any [[percussion instrument]]. Typical front ensembles include mallet instruments such as [[marimba]]s, [[xylophone]]s, and [[vibraphone]]s, [[timpani]], cymbals, concert [[bass drum]]s, [[gong]]s- or [[tam-tam]]s, [[tom-tom drum]]s, and a variety of concert and world percussion instruments. Instruments may be mechanically or electronically [[amplifier|amplified]]. Some competitive circuits also allow electronic instruments such as [[synthesizer]]s and [[bass guitar]]s, which are typically part of the front ensemble. This wide selection of instruments allows for great [[timbre]] variety. Most front ensembles centered in front of the front sideline of an [[American football#Field and players|American football field]].
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== Books ==
  
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== External links ==
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* (1812) "A New, Useful, and Complete System of Drum Beating" by [[Charles Ashworth]]
 +
* (1815) "The Art of Beating the Drum" by [[Samuel Potter]]
 +
* (1861) "The Drummers' and Fifers' Guide" by [[Bruce Emmett]]
 +
* (1869) "Strube's Drum and Fife Instructor" by [[Gardiner A. Strube]]
 +
* (1886) "The Trumpet and Drum" by [[John Philip Sousa]]
 +
* (1935) "Stick Control" by [[George Lawrence Stone]]
 +
* (1942) "Modern Interpretation of Snare Drum Rudiments" by [[Buddy Rich]]
 +
* (1945) "The All-American Drummer" by [[Charley Wilcoxin]]
 +
* (1959) "14 Modern Contest Solos For Snare Drum" by [[John S. Pratt]]
 +
* (1979) "The Technique and Mechanics of Rudimental Snare Drumming" by [[Ken Mazur]]
 +
* (1992) "The Drummer's Rudimental Reference Book" by [[John Wooten]]
 +
* (2004) "The Beat of a Different Drummer" by [[Dominick Cuccia]]
  
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* [http://www.drumlines.org/ Drumline Discussion Board]
+
== Notable Contributors ==
−
* [http://videos.percussionmedia.com/ PercussionMedia] - Huge collection of drumline/percussion videos
+
 
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* [http://www.shotdrum.com/ Shot Drum] - Large collection of drumline videos
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* [[Charley Wilcoxon]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[J. Burns Moore]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[George Lawrence Stone]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Earl Sturtze]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Les Parks]]: instructor & arranger, [[Sons of Liberty Fife and Drum Corps]], Hawthorne Cabaleros, Garfield Cadets
 +
* [[John S. Pratt]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Fred Sanford (Percussion Instructor)|Fred Sanford]]: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Ralph Hardimon]]: instructor & arranger, [[Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps]]
 +
* [[Tom Float]]: instructor & arranger, [[Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps]]
 +
* [[Marty Hurley]]: instructor & arranger, [[Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps]]
 +
* [[Scott Johnson (Percussion Instructor)|Scott Johnson]]: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps
 +
* [[James Campbell (Percussion Instructor)|James Campbell]]: instructor & arranger, The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Bret Kuhn]]: instructor & arranger, [[The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps]]
 +
* [[Dennis DeLucia]]: instructor & arranger, [[Bridgemen Drum and Bugle Corps]]
 +
* [[Thom Hannum]]: instructor & arranger, [[Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps]]
 +
* [[Charley Poole, Jr.]] instructor & arranger, [[27th Lancers Drum and Bugle Corps]]
 +
 
 +
== Hybrid Rudiments ==
 +
{{main|hybrid rudiments}}
 +
Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "[[hybrid rudiment]]s" or "hybrids".
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*[http://www.drumrudiments.com DrumRudiments.com] - Video examples all 40 rudiments.
 +
*[http://www.vicfirth.com/education/rudiments.html Vic Firth]
 +
*[http://www.pas.org/Resources/rudiments/rudiments.html The Percussive Arts Society International Drum Rudiments]
 +
*[http://www.rudimentaldrumming.com RudimentalDrumming.com]
 +
*[http://www.thinkdrums.com/drum-lessons-web/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=10&MMN_position=22:22 Hybrid Rudiments on ThinkDrums.com] - Explores the history of rudiments and lists Hybrid Rudiments
  
 
{{Rudimental Percussion}}
 
{{Rudimental Percussion}}
  
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[[Category:Musical groups]]
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[[Category:Percussion performance techniques]]
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[[Category:Percussion ensembles]]
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[[Category:Drum Rudiments]]
 
[[Category:Rudimental Percussion]]
 
[[Category:Rudimental Percussion]]
  
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[[de:Drumline]]
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[[de:Rudiment (Schlagzeug)]]
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[[fi:Rudimentit]]
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[[it:Rudimento]]
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[[ja:ルーディメンツ]]

Revision as of 14:59, 7 July 2007

Template:Otheruses A rudiment is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a great variety of ways to create drumming music.

There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of snare drum rudiments. The National Association of Rudimental Drummers (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the Percussive Arts Society (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".

The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments

Single Stroke Roll Rudiments

1.Single Stroke Rolls 1 single stroke roll.gif
2.Single Stroke Four 2 single stroke four.gif
3.Single Stroke Seven 3 single stroke seven.gif

Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments

4.Multiple Bounce Roll 4 multiple bounce roll.gif
5.Triple Stroke Roll 5 triple stroke roll.gif

gay

Diddle Rudiments

16.Single Paradiddle 16 single paradiddle.gif
17.Double Paradiddle 17 double paradiddle.gif
18.Triple Paradiddle 18 triple paradiddle.gif
19.Paradiddle-Diddle 19 paradiddle diddle.gif

Flam Rudiments

20.Flam 20 flam.gif
21.Flam Accent 21 flam accent.gif
22.Flam Tap 22 flam tap.gif
23.Flamacue 23 flamacue.gif
24.Flam Paradiddle 24 flam paradiddle.gif
25.Single Flammed Mill 25 single flammed mill.gif
26.Flam Paradiddle-Diddle 26 flam paradiddle diddle.gif
27.PataFlaFla 27 pata flafla.gif
28.Swiss Army Triplet 28 swiss army triplet.gif
29.Inverted Flam Tap 29 inverted flam tap.gif
30.Flam Drag 30 flam drag.gif

Drag Rudiments

31.Drag 31 drag.gif
32.Single Drag Tap 32 single drag tap.gif
33.Double Drag Tap 33 double drag tap.gif
34.Lesson 25 34 lesson 25.gif
35.Single Dragadiggle 35 single dragadiddle.gif
36.Drag Paradiddle #1 36 drag paradiddle 1.gif
37.Drag Paradiddle #2 37 drag paradiddle 2.gif
38.Single Ratamacue 38 single ratamacue.gif
39.Double Ratamacue 39 double ratamacue.gif
40.Triple Ratamacue 40 triple ratamacue.gif

Historical Organization

The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments

  1. The Long Roll
  2. The Five Stroke Roll
  3. The Seven Stroke Roll
  4. The Flam
  5. The Flam Accent
  6. The Flam Paradiddle
  7. The Flamacue
  8. The Ruff
  9. The Single Drag
  10. The Double Drag
  11. The Double Paradiddle
  12. The Single Ratamacue
  13. The Triple Ratamacue

The Second Thirteen Rudiments

  1. The Single Stroke Roll
  2. The Nine Stroke Roll
  3. The Ten Stroke Roll
  4. The Eleven Stroke Roll
  5. The Thirteen Stroke Roll
  6. The Fifteen Stroke Roll
  7. The Flam Tap
  8. The Single Paradiddle
  9. The Drag Paradiddle #1
  10. The Drag Paradiddle #2
  11. The Flam Paradiddle-diddle
  12. The Lesson 25
  13. The Double Ratamacue

The Last Fourteen Rudiments

More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.

  1. The Single Stroke Four
  2. The Single Stroke Seven
  3. The Multiple Bounce Roll
  4. The Triple Stroke Roll
  5. The Six Stroke Roll
  6. The Seventeen Stroke Roll
  7. The Triple Paradiddle
  8. The Single Paradiddle-Diddle
  9. The Single Flammed Mill
  10. The Pataflafla
  11. The Swiss Army Triplet
  12. The Inverted Flam Tap
  13. The Flam Drag
  14. The Single Dragadiddle

Books

Notable Contributors

Hybrid Rudiments

Template:Main Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "hybrid rudiments" or "hybrids".

External links

Template:Rudimental Percussion

de:Rudiment (Schlagzeug) fi:Rudimentit it:Rudimento ja:ルーディメンツ

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