Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Drumming & Percussion/Answer Key"

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{{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}}
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{{otheruses}}
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A '''rudiment''' is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a great variety of ways to create drumming music.
  
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{{otheruses4|the percussion unit of a marching band|the 2002 film|Drumline (film)}}
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There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of [[snare drum]] rudiments. The [[National Association of Rudimental Drummers]] (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the [[Percussive Arts Society]] (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".
  
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A '''drumline''' or '''drum line''' is a section of [[percussion instrument]]s usually played as part of a musical marching ensemble.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://store.drumbum.com/drums/drums-glossary.htm |publisher = Drum Bum |accessdate = 2007-11-30 }}</ref> Drumlines are usually incorporated into high school or college [[marching band]]s, [[drum and bugle corps]] or [[drum and lyre corps]], [[indoor percussion ensemble]]s, and [[pipe band]]s, but also can exist independent of these ensembles.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref>  The term '''battery''' is used to refer to a specific part of the '''drumline'''. The '''battery''' is the drum section that marches on the field as a group. The battery usually consists of snare drums, bass drums, tenor drums, and cymbals.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> Stationary percussion within a marching ensemble is called the ''[[front ensemble]]'' or ''pit''.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> This also describes the area where those percussion instruments are set on the field, and also where to listen for tempo.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref>
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== The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments ==
 +
=== [[Single-stroke roll|Single Stroke Roll Rudiments]] ===
  
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== Instruments in a Drumline ==
 
  
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[[Image:Drum Line Dorito.jpg|thumb|Right|The [[Eagle High School]] drumline.]]
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>1.</td><td>Single Stroke Rolls</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:1_single_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>2.</td><td>Single Stroke Four</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:2_single_stroke_four.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>3.</td><td>Single Stroke Seven</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:3_single_stroke_seven.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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Drumlines typically consist of marching [[snare drum]]s, [[tenor drum]]s, (also known as Quads, Quints, or Quint Toms)[[Bass drum#Marching bass drums|bass drums]], and – less universally – [[cymbal]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> In the past, marching [[timpani]] were common before the adoption of the front ensemble, as were marching keyboard percussion instruments such as [[glockenspiel]]s and [[xylophone]]s. Marching [[steelpan]]s are rarely part of drumlines due to issues with volume and durability, and are typically used in large ensembles with only steelpans.
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=== Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments ===
  
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=== Snares: March on the field ===
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>4.</td><td>Multiple Bounce Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:4_multiple_bounce_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>5.</td><td>Triple Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:5_triple_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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[[Image:17ton.jpg|thumb|Right|A drumline with sling-harness snares.]]
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=== [[Double-stroke roll|Double Stroke Rudiments]] ===
  
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Marching [[snare drum]]s have high tension heads typically made of [[Kevlar]] or [[PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film]]. In the past, snares were typically carried with slings, and because of the tilt performers used [[traditional grip]]. Most modern snare drums have rigid over-the-shoulder harnesses that hold the drum with the playing surface parallel to the ground, which affords the option of performing with [[matched grip]]. However there are many groups that are returning to a slight tilt in order to make using [[traditional grip]] more comfortable for the players.<ref>{{cite book |last=Casella |first=Jim |title=Green Beats 06-07|year=2006|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps|pages=12-13}}</ref>
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>6.</td><td>Double Stroke Open Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:6_double_stroke_open_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>7.</td><td>Five Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:7_five_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>8.</td><td>Six Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:8_six_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>9.</td><td>Seven Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:9_seven_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>10.</td><td>Nine Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:10_nine_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>11.</td><td>Ten Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:11_ten_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>12.</td><td>Eleven Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:12_eleven_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>13.</td><td>Thirteen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:13_thirteen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>14.</td><td>Fifteen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:14_fifteen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>15.</td><td>Seventeen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:15_seventeen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
  
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Snare parts are typically unison and provide the center rhythm of the drumline. The snare drum line is the center of tempo in the ensemble, and the "center snare", a position typically held by the most experienced snare drummer, is responsible for maintaining the tempo. When rehearsing or performing, the center snare may "tap off" the ensemble, setting the tempo with a solo rhythm.
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</table>
  
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=== Tenors: March on the field ===
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=== [[Diddle|Diddle Rudiments]] ===
  
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[[Image:UVa-Marching-Band.jpg|right|thumb|A tenor drummer in the [[Cavalier Marching Band]].]]
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>16.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Single Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:16_single_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>17.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Double Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:17_double_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>18.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Triple Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:18_triple_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>19.</td><td>[[Paradiddle|Paradiddle-Diddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:19_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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Contemporary [[tenor drum]]s (also called ''toms'', ''quads'', ''quints'', or ''sextets'') single-headed tonal drums mounted four to six to a set. Tenor players add pitch variety to the drumline with drums of different sizes and tuning. Tenor players use [[matched grip]], and generally play with mallets with plastic disc-shaped heads, though traditional drumsticks and softer mallets are commonly used to achieve different [[timbre]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Casella |first=Jim |title=Green Beats 06-07|year=2006|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps|pages=12-13}}</ref> Tenor drummers typically play in unison. The Tenor's part in the song/cadence usually consists of a combination of the snare drum part and the bass drum part. Recently, multiple percussion programs have experimented with "split" parts, meaning that the parts are not in unison. Some examples include Rhythm X's quad feature from 2007 and Revolution's snare feature from 2007.
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=== [[Flam|Flam Rudiments]] ===
  
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=== Basses: March on the field ===
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>20.</td><td>[[Flam]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:20_flam.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>21.</td><td>[[Flam|Flam Accent]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:21_flam_accent.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>22.</td><td>[[Flam|Flam Tap]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:22_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>23.</td><td>[[Flamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:23_flamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>24.</td><td>[[Flamadiddle|Flam Paradiddle]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:24_flam_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>25.</td><td>Single Flammed Mill</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:25_single_flammed_mill.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>26.</td><td>Flam Paradiddle-Diddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:26_flam_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>27.</td><td>[[Pataflafla|PataFlaFla]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:27_pata_flafla.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>28.</td><td>[[Swiss Army Triplet]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:28_swiss_army_triplet.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>29.</td><td>Inverted Flam Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:29_inverted_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>30.</td><td>Flam Drag</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:30_flam_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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[[Image:Cavaliers Bassque 2006.jpg|right|thumb|A five bass drum line from the [[Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps]].]]
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=== [[Drag (percussion)|Drag Rudiments]] ===
  
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Marching bass drums are most frequently used as tonal drums split between several percussionists. Each drummer plays a unique part, though the entire bass drum part is conceived as a whole. Marching bass drums, which produce the deepest sound in the battery, are larger drums carried on harnesses with the heads facing the front and back sidelines. The musicians carrying the bass drums typically line up in size order. Bass drummers use mallets with rounded or cylindrical heads often made of hard [[felt]]. Small bass drum lines typically consist of four or five members to ensure enough for a melody, and large lines can have eight or more drummers.
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>31.</td><td>[[Drag (percussion)|Drag]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:31_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>32.</td><td>Single Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:32_single_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>33.</td><td>Double Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:33_double_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>34.</td><td>Lesson 25</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:34_lesson_25.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>35.</td><td>Single Dragadiggle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:35_single_dragadiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>36.</td><td>[[Drag Paradiddle|Drag Paradiddle #1]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:36_drag_paradiddle_1.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>37.</td><td>[[Drag Paradiddle|Drag Paradiddle #2]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:37_drag_paradiddle_2.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>38.</td><td>[[Ratamacue|Single Ratamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:38_single_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>39.</td><td>[[Ratamacue|Double Ratamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:39_double_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>40.</td><td>[[Ratamacue|Triple Ratamacue]]</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:40_triple_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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=== Cymbals: March on the field ===
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== Historical Organization ==
 +
=== The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments ===
 +
# The Long [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The Five Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The Seven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The [[Flam]]
 +
# The [[Flam]] Accent
 +
# The [[Flam]] [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Flamacue
 +
# The Ruff
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# The Single Drag
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# The Double Drag
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# The Double [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Single Ratamacue
 +
# The Triple Ratamacue
  
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Marching [[cymbal]]s are typically pairs of [[crash cymbals]] played in a variety of ways. Cymbals are [[bronze]] with leather carrying straps. Players in cymbal lines may all carry the same size and type of cymbal, or a variety of instruments may be used. Cymbals are played being held before the body, in unison or split parts. In addition to being played by the cymbalists, snare drummers may play on the cymbals as [[ride cymbals]] or like [[hi-hat]]s, thus there is typically a minimum of one cymbalist for every two snare drummers. Cymbals are also used for visual effects due to their reflectiveness while twirling or spinning them. Many contemporary field ensembles do not utilize a cymbal line, as cymbals are played in the front ensemble.
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=== The Second Thirteen Rudiments ===
  
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=== Front ensemble: Stationary and usually on the sideline ===
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<ol start=14>
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{{main|Front ensemble}}
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  <li>The Single Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Nine Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Ten Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Eleven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Thirteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Fifteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #1
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #2
 +
  <li>The Flam [[Paradiddle]]-diddle
 +
  <li>The Lesson 25
 +
  <li>The Double Ratamacue
 +
</ol>
  
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The [[front ensemble]] (also called the ''pit'') can include any [[percussion instrument]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b |publisher = Drum Major Resource Center |accessdate = 2007-12-5 }}</ref> Typical front ensembles include mallet instruments such as [[marimba]]s, [[xylophone]]s, [[glockenspiel]]s and [[vibraphone]]s, [[timpani]], cymbals, concert [[bass drum]]s, [[gong]]s or [[tam-tam]]s, [[tom-tom drum]]s, and a variety of concert and world percussion instruments.<ref>{{cite book |last=Casella |first=Jim |title=Green Beats 06-07|year=2006|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps|pages=44-47}}</ref> Instruments may be mechanically or electronically [[amplifier|amplified]]. Some competitive circuits also allow electronic instruments such as [[synthesizer]]s and [[bass guitar]]s, which are typically part of the front ensemble. This wide selection of instruments allows for great [[timbre]] variety. Most front ensembles centered in front of the front sideline of an [[American football#Field and players|American football field]].
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=== The Last Fourteen Rudiments ===
  
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== References ==
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More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.
  
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<references/>
+
<ol start=27>
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke Four
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke Seven
 +
  <li>The Multiple Bounce [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Six Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Seventeen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]-Diddle
 +
  <li>The Single [[flam|Flammed]] Mill
 +
  <li>The [[Pataflafla]]
 +
  <li>The [[Swiss Army Triplet]]
 +
  <li>The Inverted [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] [[Drag (percussion)|Drag]]
 +
  <li>The Single Dragadiddle
 +
</ol>
  
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== External links ==
+
== Books ==
  
−
* [http://www.drumlines.org/ Drumline Discussion Board]
+
* (1812) "A New, Useful, and Complete System of Drum Beating" by [[Charles Ashworth]]
−
* [http://videos.percussionmedia.com/ PercussionMedia] - Huge collection of drumline/percussion videos
+
* (1815) "The Art of Beating the Drum" by [[Samuel Potter]]
−
* [http://www.shotdrum.com/ Shot Drum] - Large collection of drumline videos
+
* (1861) "The Drummers' and Fifers' Guide" by [[Bruce Emmett]]
−
* [http://www.dci.org/index.cfm/ Drum Corps International (DCI)]  
+
* (1869) "Strube's Drum and Fife Instructor" by [[Gardiner A. Strube]]
−
* [http://vicfirth.com/ Vic Firth Website] - Lots of videos and online lessons of Vic Firth Sponsored Artists
+
* (1886) "The Trumpet and Drum" by [[John Philip Sousa]]
 +
* (1935) "Stick Control" by [[George Lawrence Stone]]
 +
* (1942) "Modern Interpretation of Snare Drum Rudiments" by [[Buddy Rich]]
 +
* (1945) "The All-American Drummer" by [[Charley Wilcoxin]]
 +
* (1959) "14 Modern Contest Solos For Snare Drum" by [[John S. Pratt]]
 +
* (1979) "The Technique and Mechanics of Rudimental Snare Drumming" by [[Ken Mazur]]
 +
* (1992) "The Drummer's Rudimental Reference Book" by [[John Wooton]]
 +
* (2004) "The Beat of a Different Drummer" by [[Dominick Cuccia]]
  
−
== Notes and References ==
+
== Notable Contributors ==
  
−
#{{note_label|motto||1}}{{cite web | title=Drum Bum | publisher=Drumbum | accessdate=2007-11-30 | url=http://store.drumbum.com/drums/drums-glossary.htm}}
+
* [[Charley Wilcoxon]]: instructor, author, teacher
−
#{{note_label|motto||2}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
+
* [[J. Burns Moore]]: instructor, author, teacher
−
#{{note_label|motto||3}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
+
* [[George Lawrence Stone]]: instructor, author, teacher
−
#{{note_label|motto||4}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
+
* [[Earl Sturtze]]: instructor, author, teacher
−
#{{note_label|motto||5}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
+
* [[Les Parks]]: instructor & arranger, [[Sons of Liberty Fife and Drum Corps]], Hawthorne Cabaleros, Garfield Cadets
−
#{{note_label|motto||6}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
+
* [[John S. Pratt]]: instructor, author, teacher
−
#{{note_label|motto||7}}* {{cite book
+
* [[Fred Sanford (Percussion Instructor)|Fred Sanford]]: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps
−
|last=Casella
+
* [[Ralph Hardimon]]: instructor & arranger, [[Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps]]
−
|first=Jim
+
* [[Tom Float]]: instructor & arranger, [[Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps]]
−
|title=Green Beats 06-07
+
* [[Marty Hurley]]: instructor & arranger, [[Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps]]
−
|year=2006
+
* [[Scott Johnson (Percussion Instructor)|Scott Johnson]]: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps
−
|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps}}
+
* [[James Campbell (Percussion Instructor)|James Campbell]]: instructor & arranger, The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps
−
#{{note_label|motto||8}}* {{cite book
+
* [[Bret Kuhn]]: instructor & arranger, [[The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps]]
−
|last=Casella
+
* [[Dennis DeLucia]]: instructor & arranger, [[Bridgemen Drum and Bugle Corps]]
−
|first=Jim
+
* [[Thom Hannum]]: instructor & arranger, [[Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps]]
−
|title=Green Beats 06-07
+
* [[Charley Poole, Jr.]] instructor & arranger, [[27th Lancers Drum and Bugle Corps]]
−
|year=2006
+
 
−
|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps}}
+
== Hybrid Rudiments ==
−
#{{note_label|motto||9}}{{cite web | title=Marching Dictionary | publisher=Drum Major Resource Center | accessdate=2007-12-5 | url=http://www.onlinedrummajor.com/gloss.html#Anchor%20b}}
+
{{main|hybrid rudiments}}
−
#{{note_label|motto||10}}* {{cite book
+
Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "[[hybrid rudiment]]s" or "hybrids".
−
|last=Casella
+
 
−
|first=Jim
+
==External links==
−
|title=Green Beats 06-07
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* [http://www.drumsmylife.com Drums My Life] &mdash; the largest drum forum.
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|year=2006
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*[http://www.drumrudiments.com DrumRudiments.com]- All 40 Drum Rudiments with Video examples.
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|publisher=Tapspace Publications LLC and The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps}}
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*[http://www.pas.org/Resources/rudiments/rudiments.html The Percussive Arts Society International Drum Rudiments]
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*[http://www.rudimentaldrumming.com RudimentalDrumming.com]
  
 
{{Rudimental Percussion}}
 
{{Rudimental Percussion}}
  
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Revision as of 11:49, 18 March 2008

Template:Otheruses A rudiment is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a great variety of ways to create drumming music.

There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of snare drum rudiments. The National Association of Rudimental Drummers (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the Percussive Arts Society (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".

The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments

Single Stroke Roll Rudiments

1.Single Stroke Rolls 1 single stroke roll.gif
2.Single Stroke Four 2 single stroke four.gif
3.Single Stroke Seven 3 single stroke seven.gif

Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments

4.Multiple Bounce Roll 4 multiple bounce roll.gif
5.Triple Stroke Roll 5 triple stroke roll.gif

Double Stroke Rudiments

6.Double Stroke Open Roll 6 double stroke open roll.gif
7.Five Stroke Roll 7 five stroke roll.gif
8.Six Stroke Roll 8 six stroke roll.gif
9.Seven Stroke Roll 9 seven stroke roll.gif
10.Nine Stroke Roll 10 nine stroke roll.gif
11.Ten Stroke Roll 11 ten stroke roll.gif
12.Eleven Stroke Roll 12 eleven stroke roll.gif
13.Thirteen Stroke Roll 13 thirteen stroke roll.gif
14.Fifteen Stroke Roll 14 fifteen stroke roll.gif
15.Seventeen Stroke Roll 15 seventeen stroke roll.gif

Diddle Rudiments

16.Single Paradiddle 16 single paradiddle.gif
17.Double Paradiddle 17 double paradiddle.gif
18.Triple Paradiddle 18 triple paradiddle.gif
19.Paradiddle-Diddle 19 paradiddle diddle.gif

Flam Rudiments

20.Flam 20 flam.gif
21.Flam Accent 21 flam accent.gif
22.Flam Tap 22 flam tap.gif
23.Flamacue 23 flamacue.gif
24.Flam Paradiddle 24 flam paradiddle.gif
25.Single Flammed Mill 25 single flammed mill.gif
26.Flam Paradiddle-Diddle 26 flam paradiddle diddle.gif
27.PataFlaFla 27 pata flafla.gif
28.Swiss Army Triplet 28 swiss army triplet.gif
29.Inverted Flam Tap 29 inverted flam tap.gif
30.Flam Drag 30 flam drag.gif

Drag Rudiments

31.Drag 31 drag.gif
32.Single Drag Tap 32 single drag tap.gif
33.Double Drag Tap 33 double drag tap.gif
34.Lesson 25 34 lesson 25.gif
35.Single Dragadiggle 35 single dragadiddle.gif
36.Drag Paradiddle #1 36 drag paradiddle 1.gif
37.Drag Paradiddle #2 37 drag paradiddle 2.gif
38.Single Ratamacue 38 single ratamacue.gif
39.Double Ratamacue 39 double ratamacue.gif
40.Triple Ratamacue 40 triple ratamacue.gif

Historical Organization

The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments

  1. The Long Roll
  2. The Five Stroke Roll
  3. The Seven Stroke Roll
  4. The Flam
  5. The Flam Accent
  6. The Flam Paradiddle
  7. The Flamacue
  8. The Ruff
  9. The Single Drag
  10. The Double Drag
  11. The Double Paradiddle
  12. The Single Ratamacue
  13. The Triple Ratamacue

The Second Thirteen Rudiments

  1. The Single Stroke Roll
  2. The Nine Stroke Roll
  3. The Ten Stroke Roll
  4. The Eleven Stroke Roll
  5. The Thirteen Stroke Roll
  6. The Fifteen Stroke Roll
  7. The Flam Tap
  8. The Single Paradiddle
  9. The Drag Paradiddle #1
  10. The Drag Paradiddle #2
  11. The Flam Paradiddle-diddle
  12. The Lesson 25
  13. The Double Ratamacue

The Last Fourteen Rudiments

More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.

  1. The Single Stroke Four
  2. The Single Stroke Seven
  3. The Multiple Bounce Roll
  4. The Triple Stroke Roll
  5. The Six Stroke Roll
  6. The Seventeen Stroke Roll
  7. The Triple Paradiddle
  8. The Single Paradiddle-Diddle
  9. The Single Flammed Mill
  10. The Pataflafla
  11. The Swiss Army Triplet
  12. The Inverted Flam Tap
  13. The Flam Drag
  14. The Single Dragadiddle

Books

Notable Contributors

Hybrid Rudiments

Template:Main Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "hybrid rudiments" or "hybrids".

External links

Template:Rudimental Percussion

de:Rudiment (Schlagzeug) it:Rudimento ja:ルーディメンツ fi:Rudimentit

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