Field Guide/Birds/Bonasa umbellus

The Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus, is a medium-sized grouse.

Ruffed Grouse have two distinct color phases, grey and red. In the grey phase, adults have a long square brownish tail with barring and a black subterminal band near the end. The head, neck and back are grey-brown; they have a light breast with barring. The ruffs are located on the sides of the neck. These birds also have a "mohawk" on top of their head, which sometimes you can see, but normally the feathers are flat on the Ruffed Grouse's head. The female is smaller with less obvious ruffs and a shorter tail. The female often has a broken subterminal tail band, while males often have unbroken tail bands. This is not always an accurate way to sex the ruffed grouse because occasionally the female hjas a more complete tail band, and males sometimes have a broken tail band. A fairly accurate method for sexing ruffed grouse involves inspection of the rump feathers. Feathers with a single white dot indicate a female, feathers with >1 white dot indicate that the bird is a male.

Their breeding habitat is forests across Canada and the northern United States including Alaska. They nest on the ground in dense growth, usually near a log or tree trunk.

They are permanent residents. Some move short distances to denser cover for winter.

The Ruffed Grouse have very distinct habitat requirements. Because of this, scientists have never been able to successfully breed adult Ruffed Grouse in captivity.

These birds forage on the ground or in trees. They are omnivores, eating buds, leaves, berries and seeds, but also insects and even small frogs.

This is the most wide-spread grouse in North America, with an estimated population of more than 8 millions individuals (according to IUCN).

The male is often heard drumming on a fallen log in spring on territory. When surprised, Ruffed Grouse may explode into flight, beating their wings very loudly.

The Ruffed Grouse is the state bird of Pennsylvania.

Picture link: Ruffed Grouse in Northern Connecticut

Hunting

Ruffed grouse is one of the favorite upland game hunted on the continent, particularly in northeastern USA and eastern Canada. Requiring minimal equipment, grouse hunting is seen by many as a perfect game for initiation to hunting. And, at the same time, grouse hunting is challenging enough to also appeal to experienced hunters. The ruffed grouse is renowned for its fine and delicate taste and is thus a prized game for any hunter and explain its popularity as an upland game.

Misc.

An Assemblage of grouse is refered to as a covey, pack or conundrum of grouse.

References

• Template:IUCN2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

External links

• Ruffed Grouse Facts - Ruffed Grouse Society
• Ruffed Grouse Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
• Ruffed Grouse Information and Photos - South Dakota Birds and Birding
• Ruffed Grouse Identification, Range, and Call - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter