Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Ultimate Disc/Answer Key"

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{{redirect1|Frisbee|the amusement ride|[[Frisbee (ride)]]}}
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[[Image:Frisbee Catch 02- Fcb981.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A player catching a flying disc.]]
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<section begin="Body" />
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'''Flying discs''' (commonly called '''Frisbees''') are disc-shaped objects, which are generally [[plastic]] and roughly 20 to 25 centimeters (8&ndash;10&nbsp;inches) in [[diameter]], with a lip. The shape of the disc, an [[airfoil]] in cross-section, allows it to [[flight|fly]] by generating [[lift (force)|lift]] as it moves through the air while rotating. The name Frisbee is a registered [[trademark]] of the [[Wham-O]] toy company, but is often used [[genericized trademark|generically]] to describe all flying discs.
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<!-- 1. Know the 10 simple rules of Ultimate and how the game is played. -->
 +
;The Field: A rectangular shape with end zones at each end. A regulation field is 70 yards by 40 yards, with end zones 25 yards deep.
 +
;Initiate Play: Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of their respective end zone line. The defense throws ("pulls") the disc to the offense. A regulation game has seven players per team.
 +
;Scoring: Each time the offense completes a pass in the defense's end zone, the offense scores a point. Play is initiated after each score.
 +
;Movement of the Disc: The disc may be advanced in any direction by completing a pass to a teammate. Players may not run with the disc. The person with the disc ("thrower") has ten seconds to throw the disc. The defender guarding the thrower ("marker") counts out the stall count.
 +
;Change of Possession: When a pass is not completed (e.g. out of bounds, drop, block, interception), the defense immediately takes possession of the disc and becomes the offense.
 +
;Substitutions: Players not in the game may replace players in the game after a score and during an injury timeout.
 +
;Non-contact: No physical contact is allowed between players. Picks and screens are also prohibited. A foul occurs when contact is made.
 +
;Fouls: When a player initiates contact on another player a foul occurs. When a foul disrupts possession, the play resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player committing the foul disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone.
 +
;Self-Officiating: Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls. Players resolve their own disputes.
 +
;Spirit of the Game: Ultimate stresses sportsmanship and fair play. Competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of respect between players, adherence to the rules, and the basic joy of play
  
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Flying discs are thrown and caught for [[recreation]], and as part of many different [[flying disc games]]. A wide range of flying disc variants are available commercially. [[Disc golf]] discs are usually smaller but denser and are tailored for particular flight profiles to increase/decrease stability and distance. [[Disc dog]] sports use relatively slow flying discs made of more pliable material to better resist a dog's bite and prevent injury.  Ring shaped discs are also available which typically fly significantly farther than any traditional flying disc.  There are illuminated discs meant for night time play which use [[Phosphorescence|phosphorescent]] plastic, or  battery powered [[light-emitting diode|light emitting diodes]]. There are also discs that whistle when they reach a certain velocity in flight.  The disc of choice for [[Ultimate_(sport)|Ultimate]] is the 175 gram Discraft Ultrastar.
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==History==
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[[Image:Cool pics 004.jpg|right|thumb|240px|A player trying to catch a flying disc; [[Mackinaw City, Michigan]].]]
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The [[clay target]] used in [[trapshooting]], almost identical to a flying disc in shape, was designed in the 19th century. The modern day era of flying discs began with the concept of designing and selling a commercially-produced flying disc.  
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<!-- 3. Explain why the name “Frisbee” was dropped from the name of the game. -->
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The term Frisbee, often used capitalized, to generically describe all flying discs, is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company. Though such use is not encouraged by the company, the common use of the trademarked name as a generic term has put the trademark in jeopardy; accordingly, many "Frisbee" games are now known as "ultimate" or "disc" games.
  
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The [[Frisbie Pie Company]] (1871–1958) of [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], made [[pie]]s that were sold to many babies. Hungry [[college student]]s soon discovered that the empty pie [[tin]]s could be tossed and caught, providing endless hours of sport. Many colleges have claimed to be the home of "he who was first to fling."  [[Yale College]] has argued{{Fact|date=June 2007}} that in 1820, an undergraduate named Elihu Frisbie grabbed a passing collection tray from the [[chapel]] and flung it out into the campus, thereby becoming the true inventor of the Frisbee. That tale is dubious, as the "Frisbie's Pies" origin is well-documented.  [[Walter Frederick Morrison]] claims that it was a [[popcorn]] can lid that he tossed with his girlfriend (and later wife) Lu at a [[1937]] [[Thanksgiving]] Day gathering in [[Los Angeles]] that inspired his interest in developing a commercially-produced flying disc. In 1946 he sketched out plans for a disc he called the '''Whirlo-Way''', which, co-developed and financed by [[Warren Franscioni]] in 1948, became the very first commercially produced plastic flying disc, marketed under the name '''Pipco Flyin-Saucer'''. Morrison had just returned to the US after [[World War II]], where he had been a prisoner in the infamous [[Oflag XIII-A|Stalag 13]]. His partnership with Franscioni, who was also a war veteran, ended in 1950, before their product had achieved any real success.
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<!-- 8. Play six (6) Pathfinder pick-up games to twelve (12) points and demonstrate reasonable understanding of disk handling and throwing, catching, scoring, and defending. -->
  
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In 1955, Morrison produced a new plastic flying disc called the '''Pluto Platter''', to cash in on the growing popularity of [[UFO]]s with the American public. The Pluto Platter became the design basis for later flying discs. In [[1957]], [[Wham-O]] began production of more discs (then still marketed as Pluto Platters). The next year, Morrison was awarded US Design Patent 183,626 for his flying disc. It was alot of fun for him...!
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<!-- 9. Write a one-page report or provide an oral report to the Pathfinder leader on how the concept of “Spirit of the Game” is applied to Ultimate and outside the sport as a Christian role model to others. Discuss why the concept is important in fair play and in reducing the desire to win at any cost. -->
  
−
In 1957,<ref name="CTV20070616">{{cite news |title='Frisbee' marks 50th anniversary of name change |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070616/frisbee_070616/20070616?hub=TopStories |publisher=[[CTVglobemedia]] |date=2007-06-16 |accessdate=2007-06-19 }}</ref> Wham-O co-founder, [[Richard Knerr]], in search of a catchy new name to help increase sales, coincidentally gave the disks the [[brand name]] "Frisbee" (pronounced the same as "Frisbie"), after a contemporary comic strip called ''Mr. Frisbie''.<ref>''New York Times'' (1 July 2002).  “[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B04E4DB1F3EF932A35754C0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Arthur Melin, 77, a Promoter of the Hula-Hoop, Is Dead ]”.<!-- Accessed 25 June 2008 --></ref> The man who was behind the Frisbee's phenomenal success however was "Steady" Ed Headrick Wham-O's new General Manager and Vice President in charge of marketing. Headrick redesigned the Pluto Platter reworking the rim height, disc shape, diameter, weight and plastics, creating a controllable disc that could be thrown accurately. ({{cite book |last= Morrison |first= Fred |coauthors= Phil Kennedy |title= [[Flat Flip Flies Straight True Origins of the Frisbee]] |publisher= [[Wormhole Publishers]] |year= 2006 |month= January |isbn= 0-9774517-4-7 }})  <blockquote>
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"Headrick had an eye for product design... The 'NEW LOOK' contributed mightily to its phenomenal success... I've never known what financial arrangements Headrick had with Wham-O. It would have been interesting to know, but knowing wouldn't have changed anything. It was enough to know that under Headrick's guidance our increasing bank account was due to what he was doing." -Fred Morrison
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</blockquote>Sales soared for the toy, which was marketed as a new sport.  In 1964, the first "professional" model went on sale.  Headrick patented the new design as the Frisbee patent, highlighting the “Rings of Headrick” and marketed and pushed the professional model Frisbee and "Frisbee" as a sport. (US Patent 3,359,678).<ref name="About980218">[http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980218.htm]{{rs|date=September 2007}}<!--This is not a proper ref. citation; use {{Cite web}} to provide details.--></ref>
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Ed Headrick commonly known as the "Father of Disc Sports", ({{cite book |last= Malafronte |first= Victor A. |coauthors= F. Davis Johnson |title= [[The Complete Book of Frisbee: The History of the Sport & the First Official Price Guide]] |publisher= [[American Trends Publishing Company]] |year= 1998 |month= May |isbn= 0966385527 }})  later Founded "The International Frisbee Association (IFA)" and began establishing standards for various sports using the Frisbee such as Distance, Freestyle and Guts. Ed is also commonly referred to as "The Father of [[Disc Golf]]" ([http://www.discgolfassoc.com/discgolf-founder/index.html “Steady” Ed Headrick: The Father of Frisbee and of Disc Golf]) the popular sport he founded after leaving Wham-O.
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==References== <!--T:5-->
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==Flying disc games==
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{{Mergeto|Flying disc games|date=September 2007}}
 
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{{main|Flying disc games}}
 
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{{MultiCol}}
 
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*[[Disc dog]]
 
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*[[Disc golf]]
 
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*[[Dodge disc]]
 
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*[[Durango boot]]
 
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*[[Flying disc games#Double|Double disc court]]
 
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*[[Flutterguts]]
 
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*[[Flying disc freestyle|Freestyle]]
 
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{{ColBreak}}
 
−
*[[Fricket]], also known as disc cricket, cups, Suzy sticks or crispy wickets
 
−
*[[Friskee]]
 
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*[[Goaltimate]]
 
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*[[Guts frisbee|Guts]]
 
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{{ColBreak}}
 
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*[[Hot box (game)|Hot box]]
 
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*Kan-jam
 
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*Relay
 
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*Schtick
 
−
*[[Ultimate (sport)|Ultimate]]
 
−
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
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−
==Physics==
 
−
{{main|Physics of flying discs}}
 
−
 
 
−
[[Lift (force)|Lift]] is generated in primarily the same way as a traditional asymmetric [[airfoil]], that is, by accelerating upper airflow such that a pressure difference gives rise to a lifting force. Small ridges near the leading edge act as turbulators, reducing flow separation by forcing the airflow to become [[turbulent]] after it passes over the ridges. 
 
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−
The rotating flying disc has a vertical [[angular momentum]] vector, stabilizing its attitude <!-- "attitude" is the correct term here; pls don't change to "altitude". -elf Dec 05 --> [[gyroscope|gyroscopically]]. Depending on the cross-sectional shape of the airfoil, the amount of lift generated by the front and back parts of the disc may be unequal. If the disc were not spinning, this would tend to make it [[Flight dynamics|pitch]]. When the disc is spinning, however, such a torque would cause it to [[precession|precess]] about the roll axis, causing its trajectory to curve to the left or the right. Most discs are designed to be aerodynamically stable, so that this roll is self-correcting for a fairly broad range of velocities and rates of spin. However, many [[disc golf]] discs are intentionally designed to be unstable. Higher rates of spin lead to better stability, and for a given rate of spin, there is generally a range of velocities that are stable.
 
−
 
 
−
Even a slight deformation in a disc, called a "Taco," as extreme cases look like a [[taco shell]], can cause adverse affects when throwing long range. It can be observed by holding the disc horizontally at eye level and looking at the rim while slowly rotating the disc.
 
−
 
 
−
== See also ==
 
−
* [[Aerobie]]
 
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* [[Chakram]]
 
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* [[Boomerang]]
 
−
* [[Flying disc techniques]]
 
−
* [[Genericized trademark]]
 
−
 
 
−
==References==
 
−
{{Refimprove|date=September 2007}}
 
−
{{Reflist}}
 
−
 
 
−
==Further reading==
 
−
*[[Walter Frederick Morrison|Morrison, Walter Frederic]], and Kennedy, Phil; ''Flat Flip Flies Straight! True Origins of the Frisbee'', Wormhole Publishers, Wethersfield, CT (June 2006); ISBN 978-0-9774517-4-6
 
−
*Stancil. E. D., and Johnson, M. D.; ''Frisbee, A Practitioner's Manual and Definitive Treatise'', Workman Publishing Company, New York (July, 1975); ISBN 978-0-911104-53-0
 
−
*Norton, Gary; ''The Official Frisbee Handbook'', Bantam Books, Toronto/New York/London (July, 1972); no ISBN
 
−
*Danna, Mark, and Poynter, Dan; ''Frisbee Players' Handbook'', Parachuting Publications, Santa Barbara, California (1978); ISBN 0915516195
 
−
*Tips, Charles, and Roddick, Dan; ''Frisbee Sports & Games'', Celestial Arts, Millbrae, California (March 1979); ISBN 978-0-89087-233-8
 
−
*Tips, Charles; ''Frisbee by the Masters'', Celestial Arts, Millbrae, California (March 1977); ISBN 978-0-89087-142-3
 
−
*Lorenz, Ralph; ''Spinning Flight: Dynamics of Frisbees, Boomerangs, Samaras and Skipping Stones'', Copernicus, New York (September 2006); ISBN 978-0-387-30779-4
 
−
 
 
−
==External links==
 
−
*[http://www.wfdf.org World Flying Disc Federation] &ndash; international [[sports governing body]] for flying disc games
 
−
*[http://www.frisbeedisc.com/ Official Frisbee website] by Wham-O, manufacturer of Frisbee brand flying discs
 
−
*[http://ffindr.com/ ffindr!] the frisbee tournament portal 
 
−
*[http://www.acrobaticfrisbee.com Acrobatic Frisbee Show]
 
−
*[http://www.frisbeehd.com Hard Disc Frisbee Forlì A.S.D. (frisbee freestyle and more!)]
 
−
*
 
−
 
 
−
{{Category:1950s fads}}
 
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[[Category:Frisbee| ]]
 
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[[Category:Sports equipment]]
 
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[[Category:Toys]]
 
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[[Category:Wham-O brands]]
 
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[[Category:Ultimate]]
 
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−
[[bar:Frisbee]]
 
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[[bg:Летящ диск]]
 
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[[cs:Frisbee]]
 
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[[da:Frisbee]]
 
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[[de:Frisbee]]
 
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[[es:Frisbee]]
 
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[[eo:Flugdisko]]
 
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[[fr:Frisbee]]
 
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[[is:Svifdiskur]]
 
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[[it:Frisbee]]
 
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[[he:פריזבי]]
 
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[[mk:Фризби]]
 
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[[nl:Frisbee]]
 
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[[ja:フライングディスク]]
 
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[[no:Frisbee]]
 
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[[pl:Frisbee]]
 
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[[ru:Летающий диск]]
 
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[[simple:Frisbee]]
 
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[[sk:Frisbee]]
 
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[[sr:Frizbi]]
 
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[[fi:Liitokiekko]]
 
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[[sv:Frisbee]]
 
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[[uk:Фрісбі]]
 
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[[zh:飛盤 (玩具)]]
 

Latest revision as of 04:08, 19 March 2021

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Ultimate Disc

Skill Level

1

Year

2011

Version

28.11.2024

Approval authority

General Conference

Ultimate Disc AY Honor.png
Ultimate Disc
Recreation
Skill Level
123
Approval authority
General Conference
Year of Introduction
2011
See also
Sportsman Master Award
Ultimate Disc - Advanced


1

Know the 10 simple rules of Ultimate and how the game is played.


The Field
A rectangular shape with end zones at each end. A regulation field is 70 yards by 40 yards, with end zones 25 yards deep.
Initiate Play
Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of their respective end zone line. The defense throws ("pulls") the disc to the offense. A regulation game has seven players per team.
Scoring
Each time the offense completes a pass in the defense's end zone, the offense scores a point. Play is initiated after each score.
Movement of the Disc
The disc may be advanced in any direction by completing a pass to a teammate. Players may not run with the disc. The person with the disc ("thrower") has ten seconds to throw the disc. The defender guarding the thrower ("marker") counts out the stall count.
Change of Possession
When a pass is not completed (e.g. out of bounds, drop, block, interception), the defense immediately takes possession of the disc and becomes the offense.
Substitutions
Players not in the game may replace players in the game after a score and during an injury timeout.
Non-contact
No physical contact is allowed between players. Picks and screens are also prohibited. A foul occurs when contact is made.
Fouls
When a player initiates contact on another player a foul occurs. When a foul disrupts possession, the play resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player committing the foul disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone.
Self-Officiating
Players are responsible for their own foul and line calls. Players resolve their own disputes.
Spirit of the Game
Ultimate stresses sportsmanship and fair play. Competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of respect between players, adherence to the rules, and the basic joy of play


2

Define and explain “Spirit of the Game”.



3

Explain why the name “Frisbee” was dropped from the name of the game.


The term Frisbee, often used capitalized, to generically describe all flying discs, is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company. Though such use is not encouraged by the company, the common use of the trademarked name as a generic term has put the trademark in jeopardy; accordingly, many "Frisbee" games are now known as "ultimate" or "disc" games.


4

Identify and be able to throw the disk:


4a

Forehand



4b

Backhand




5

Define or explain the following game terms:


5a

Stacking & Cutting



5b

Clearing Out



5c

Stall Count



5d

Non-Contact



5e

Violation vs. Foul



5f

Hold the line




6

Explain the following calls or rules:


6a

No referees/player resolution



6b

Foul calls at the disk



6c

Foul calls away from the disk



6d

Traveling



6e

Pivot




7

As a team or individual, develop a plan to practice outreach while completing the requirements for this honor. Possible options could include the following:


7a

Invite at least one friend not from your church to play a game.



7b

Have prayer before or after each game.



7c

Exhibit “Spirit of the Game” both on and off the field.




8

Play six (6) Pathfinder pick-up games to twelve (12) points and demonstrate reasonable understanding of disk handling and throwing, catching, scoring, and defending.



9

Write a one-page report or provide an oral report to the Pathfinder leader on how the concept of “Spirit of the Game” is applied to Ultimate and outside the sport as a Christian role model to others. Discuss why the concept is important in fair play and in reducing the desire to win at any cost.




References

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