Many types of color schemes have been devised for all sorts of purposes, but we will focus on three:
Monochromatic
Complementary
Analogous
From these three recipes, you can easily make ten color schemes (just choose a couple of different "base" colors for each until you have ten).
Monochromatic
Complementary
Analogous
Monochromatic
In this scheme, only one color is used, but various tints and shades are combined, such as blue, light blue, and dark blue. The painter may also use various tints, such as light blue, lighter blue, and a blue still lighter than that.
Complementary
Complementary colors are colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel, such as blue and orange, red and green, purple and yellow.