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| − | An industrial sewing machine uses a much more powerful motor than a household sewing machine. It also operates much faster and makes more consistent stitches because the parts are precision machined. It is also an order of magnitude more expensive than a household sewing machine.
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| − | An industrial sewing machine is needed for upholstery because it is able to sew through heavy material that a household machine would have no hope of accommodating.
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| − | Because of its great speed and power, it is important to carefully read the instruction manual for the model of industrial sewing machine before using it. If no manual is available, contact the manufacturer for a replacement.
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| − | Sundry items include:
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| − | ;Tacks: Tacks are used for holding upholstery fabric to the wooden frame of an item of furniture. They can be hidden, or they can be decorative.
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| − | ;Staples: Staples are much easier to use than tacks, and have largely replaced tacks where they are hidden (such as the underside of a chair or couch).
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| − | ;Webbing: Webbing is frequently used to form a base that supports a cushion. It is put in place with the aid of a web stretcher.
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| − | ;Twine: Rather than using thread, upholsterers use twine of various sizes. Number 5 twine is used to lash springs into place. Numbers 3 and 1 are smaller and are used for stitching fabric.
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| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 2. Explicar el uso de los siguientes elementos: --> |
| − | <!-- 2. Explain the use of the following items: --> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
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| − | Webbing is used in couches and chairs as a base for the seating areas that is both strong and flexible. Many types of outdoor furniture use little more than thin light webbing for the seating areas. Webbing is also used to reinforce joints and areas that tend to flex.
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| − | Staples and tacks are used for holding fabric in place. Staples are used only where they will be hidden. Tacks are used when the seam will be seen.
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| − | Hessian (also called burlap) is a coarse cloth made of vegetable fibers. In upholstery it is used as an internal layer to hold batting in place. It is also used on the underside of furniture. Hessian is a very strong cloth and is used as a support cloth and as a liner.
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| − | These items are used where very strong twine is needed, such as for holding buttons in place. The wax on the twine helps the twine stay in place as it is tightened.
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| − | Calico is a textile made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. It may contain unseparated husk parts, for example. The fabric is less coarse and thick than canvas or denim, but owing to its unfinished and undyed appearance, it is still very cheap.
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| − | Fibre is the source material that the fabric is made from. The choice of upholstery fibre determines how a fabric will look and feel, wear, how care-intensive it will be, and the cleaning methods you’ll need to use to maintain the item. Many manufactured clothes are blends of fibres that combine the advantages of different fibres while yielding an interesting look and feel.
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| − | Fibres come from three major sources: Animal, Plant fibre, and Synthetic.
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| − | '''ANIMAL''':
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| − | * Sheep's wool. Virgin wool is new, not recycled.
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| − | * Silk is produced by the silkworm
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| − | * More exotic sources like alpaca, camel, mohair, and so on.
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| − | * The wilderness tabernacle had goat hair curtains (Exodus 26:7, Exodus 36:14) a sturdy hardwearing fabric associated with poverty in the Bible, the Israelites were very familiar with goat hair cloth. (See Number 31:20) and even some modern Bedouin tents are made from goat hair. [https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/goats-hair/ Click for more information on goat hair in the Bible]. Goat hair points us to Jesus' humility and poverty. [https://www.bible-history.com/tabernacle/TAB4Preparing_for_the_Tabernacle.htm]
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| − | '''PLANT'''
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| − | * Cotton a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plant
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| − | * Linen remains the ofher popular plant based fibre. The tabernacle used "fine linen" a special fabric collected from the Egyptians at the Exodus made from flax. It was pure white and worn by Pharohs and nobility. Examples found in Egyptian tombs include some extremely fine samples including [https://www.bible-history.com/tabernacle/TAB4Preparing_for_the_Tabernacle.htm 152 threads per inch in the warp and 72 threads per inch in the woof]. In the Bible white linen always speaks of purity and righteousness, pointing to Christ who is spotless, pure, and sinless. Jesus (Rev 3:5) and the angel armies (Rev 19:14) are seen in fine white linen.
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| − | '''SYNTHETIC'''
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| − | * Any of a variety of manufactured fabrics from chemical sources. Four synthetic fibres - nylon, polyester, acrylic and polyolefin - account for approximately 98 percent by volume of synthetic fiber production, with polyester alone accounting for around 60 per cent.
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| − | Flocking is a type of texture applied to a surface.
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| − | "Flocking" is a decoration process that enhances the way a wide variety of products are experienced by making ordinary surfaces seem far more magical and special. "Flocking" is the process of depositing millions of little individual cut fiber particles (called "flock") onto the surface of an article for the purpose of increasing its value in terms of the tactile sensation, aesthetics, color and appearance, and/or a wide variety of other functions--such as insulation, slip-or-grip friction, etc.
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| − | Sold in rolls or sheets, poly foam is used to create soft seats and backs for furniture. It comes in various weights, thicknesses, softness and durability.
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2j}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2j}} |
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| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 3. Nombrar dos tipos de materiales utilizados para la tapicería. --> |
| − | <!-- 3. Name two types of material used for upholstery. --> | |
| − | *Any of the fibres listed above
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| − | *leather
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 4. Explicar cómo ajustar la cubierta superior de una tapa. --> |
| − | <!-- 4. Explain how to fit the top cover to a lid. --> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 5. ¿Cuál es el nombre del material utilizado para la base de los sillones y la base de su caja, etc., y cuál es su propósito? --> |
| − | <!-- 5. What is the name of the material used for the base of lounges and the base of your box etc., and what is its purpose? --> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 6. Nombrar dos métodos de fijación para cubiertas de sillas. --> |
| − | <!-- 6. Name two methods of attaching covers to chairs. --> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 7. Completar a o b: --> |
| − | <!-- 7. Complete a or b: --> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}} |
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}} |
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| − | These are very similar projects. The point is to build a box of a reasonable size. Either project is going to involve surrounding your wooden box with fabric and creating a proper top. We suggest looking on youtube for techniques if you do not have a qualified instructer.
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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 8. Completar un panel de una función. --> |
| − | <!-- 8. Complete a Feature Panel. --> | |
| − | Upholstered wall panelling can be an attractive additon to your decor and a functional piece of art. Fabric panels offer acoustic benefits as they absorb sound and tend to soften the look of the room. The use of different shapes, and the wide variety of fabric colours and textures available give unlimited possible combinations.
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| − | A feature panel can be purely decretive art or practical such as a pin board or headboard for a bed. A large example might cover an entire wall.
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| − | To create a feature panel you will need a plywood back, some foam (usually), and one or more fabrics. You may want to sew designs into the fabric or piece (quilt) pieces together. Attach the fabric and foam to the board around the back with staples and from the front with decorative tacks. This is a chance to be creative and have fun. It does not matter exactly what design you build, as long as the workmanship is good.
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| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Referencias== |
| − | ==References== | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | * ''Upholstery: A Complete Course : Chairs, Sofas, Ottomans, Screens and Stools'' By David James, published by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 1999; ISBN 1861081189, 9781861081186
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| − | * [http://www.evenfallstudios.com/woodworks_library/furniture_upholstery_for_schools_1919.pdf Furniture Upholstery for Schools] is a book published in 1919. It is now in the public domain.
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| − | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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