Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Sand/Answer Key/es"

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<!-- 2. ¿Qué significa el término «arena»? Nombrar dos tipos de arena. -->
<!-- 2. What does the term "sand" mean? Name two kinds of sand. -->
 
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. As the term is used by geologists, sand particles range in diameter from 0.0625 (or 1⁄16 mm) to 2 millimeters. An individual particle in this range size is termed a sand grain.
 
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<!-- 3. Dar el origen de la arena y qué minerales contiene. -->  
<!-- 3. Give the origin of sand and mineral content. -->
 
Sand is formed through two primary processes - Physical and Chemical.
 
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<!-- 4. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la arena y el suelo? -->
<!-- 4. What is the difference between sand and soil? -->
 
Sand is composed of inorganic material, even if it had biogenic origins (shells, coral, diatoms, foraminfera). Soil, however, is made up of sand, silt, clay, and organic humus (broken down plant and animal matter).
 
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<!-- 5. ¿Qué se entiende por forma, superficie, fractura de grano y tamaño de grano? -->
<!-- 5. What is meant by shape, surface, grain fracture, and grain size? -->
 
===Shape===
 
The shape of a grain of sand can tell us about its history. Rounded grains are those which are relatively old, the rounding being caused by the grain getting blown around by wind or pushed around by water. Grains with more angular surface are relatively young, not having had time to get rounded by the forces of nature.
 
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Sand shape can be classified using a Wadell Scale, which uses two features to classify each grain: '''Angularity''' and '''Sphericity'''. The angularity axis considers if the grain has sharp angles or if it has been rounded through abrasion. The sphericity axis considers how round or oblong an item is, and ranges from high sphericity (nearly a ball) to low sphericity (perhaps a rod, curve, or other shape).
 
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===Surface===
 
The surface texture of grains may be polished, frosted, or marked by small pits and scratches. This information can usually be seen best under a binocular microscope, not in a thin section.
 
If sand grains have a polished appearance, it usually reflects their origin in a water environment (rivers, streams, lakes or the ocean). Sand grains with a frosted appearance are usually the product of a windy environment.
 
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===Grain Fracture===
 
In the field of mineralogy, fracture is a term used to describe the shape and texture of the surface formed when a mineral is broken. Minerals often have a highly distinctive fracture, making it a principal feature used in their identification.
 
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====Conchoidal fracture====
 
[[Image:ObsidianOregon.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Obsidian]]
 
'''Conchoidal fracture''' is a curved breakage that resembles the concentric ripples of a mussel shell. It often occurs in amorphous or fine-grained minerals such as flint, opal or obsidian, but may also occur in crystalline minerals such as quartz. '''Subconchoidal fracture''' is similar to conchoidal fracture, but not as curved.
 
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====Earthy fracture====
 
[[Image:Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Limonite]]
 
'''Earthy fracture''' is reminiscent of freshly broken soil. It is frequently seen in relatively soft, loosely bound minerals, such as limonite, kaolinite and aluminite.
 
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====Hackly fracture====
 
[[Image:Cuivre_natif1_%28USA%29.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Native copper]]
 
'''Hackly fracture''' (also known as '''jagged fracture''') is jagged, sharp and uneven. It occurs when metals are torn, and so is often encountered in native metals such as copper and silver.
 
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====Splintery fracture====
 
[[Image:Chrysotile_1.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Chrysotile]]
 
'''Splintery fracture''' comprises sharp elongated points. It is particularly seen in fibrous minerals such as chrysotile, but may also occur in non-fibrous minerals such as kyanite.
 
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====Uneven fracture====
 
[[Image:MagnetitaEZ.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Magnetite]]
 
'''Uneven fracture''' is self descriptive. It occurs in a wide range of minerals including arsenopyrite, pyrite and magnetite.
 
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===Grain Size===
 
Grain size, also called particle size, refers to the diameter of individual grains of sediment.
 
In grading sand, the Wentworth Scale is often used. Sand particles ranging from 1/16 to 1/8 mm are considered Very Fine. Those from 1/8 to 1/4 mm are Fine. 1/4 to 1/2 mm are Medium. 1/2 to 1 mm are coarse. And those from 1 to 2 mm are considered very coarse.
 
Various grades of Gravel are larger than sand, silt and clay are smaller than sand.
 
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{|class="wikitable"
 
! Grain Size!!Description
 
|-
 
| 1/16-1/8mm||Very Fine
 
|-
 
| 1/8-1/4mm||Fine
 
|-
 
| 1/4-1/2mm||Medium
 
|-
 
| 1/2-1mm||Coarse
 
|-
 
| 1-2mm||Very Coarse
 
|}
 
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<!-- 6. Define the following and give the use of each: -->
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Glacial sand is sand produced by the action of a glacier grinding the rock over which it passes. Glacial sand may be used in construction or as fill.
 
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Sand composed primarily of calcium carbonate or limestone. Calcareous sand may be used in construction, as road fill (particularly in beach nad island environments where it may be plentiful), and as a base material on gold course putting greens and some athletic fields.
 
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Quicksand is a ''colloid hydrogel'' consisting of fine granular matter (such as sand or silt), clay, and salt water. In the name "quick" does not mean "fast," but "alive" (as in the expression ''the quick and the dead'').
 
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Glass sand is sand with low iron content, and high silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) content. This type of sand is ideal for glass making.
 
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Molding sand, foundry sand, or green sand is sand that when moistened or oiled tends to pack well and hold its shape. It is used in the process of sand casting.
 
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Sand can be used as an abrasive material for polishing materials. Several different grain sizes, gradually growing smaller, are used to polish surfaces.
 
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Building sand is used for making concrete. Sharp sands (with angular surfaces) are preferred.
 
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Sand can be used to filter water or other liquids. A media filter is a type of filter utilizing a bed of sand, crushed granite or other material to filter water for drinking, swimming pools, aquaculture, irrigation, stormwater management and other applications.
 
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Furnace sand is used for lining the floor of industrial furnaces which are used for processing molten metals (such as steel).
 
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Sand created by the wave action of a lake. A prime example would be the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in northwest Indiana. Depending on its mineral origin, lake shore sand is often used for foundry work.
 
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<!-- 7. Examinar cinco clases de especímenes de arena bajo magnificación y observar sus diferentes características. -->
<!-- 7. Examine five types of sand specimens under magnification and observe their vari­ous characteristics. -->
 
Using a hand lens or a microscope, examine the sand grains, looking for the features described in requirement 5 (shape, surface, grain fracture, and grain size). You can also note its color and its variability are all the grains the same size? Are they all the same shape, or are there big differences from one grain to the next?
 
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Image:PortMelbourne 2271.jpg|1
 
Image:PortMelbourne 2271.jpg|1
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Image:ColumbiaRiver 2265.jpg|8
 
Image:ColumbiaRiver 2265.jpg|8
 
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1. Port Melbourne, Australia. Primarily mineral origin.
 
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2. Bar Harbor, Maine. A mixed mineral and biogenic sand.
 
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3. Sea Point, Capetown, Southafrica. Primarily biogenic.
 
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4. Mona Island, Puerto Rico. A biogenic sand.
 
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5. Soesogakk, Jeju, South Korea. Volcanic origin.
 
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6. Mustang Island, Texas. An example of very fine sand.
 
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7. Lake Champlain, Vermont. An example of a very coarse sand.
 
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8. Columbia River, Oregon. An example of riverine sand.
 
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<!-- 8. Memorizar y discutir Génesis 22:17, Proverbios 27:3, y Salmo 139:17 y 18. -->
<!-- 8. Memorize and discuss Genesis 22:17, Proverbs 27:3, and Ps. 139:17-18. -->
 
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{{Bible verse
 
{{Bible verse
| version = NIV
+
| version = RVR1995
| book = Genesis
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| book = Génesis
 
| chapter = 22
 
| chapter = 22
 
| verse = 17
 
| verse = 17
| text = I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the cities of their enemies
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| text = de cierto te bendeciré y multiplicaré tu descendencia como las estrellas del cielo y como la arena que está a la orilla del mar; tu descendencia se adueñará de las puertas de sus enemigos.
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Bible verse
 
{{Bible verse
| version = NIV
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| version = RVR1995
| book = Proverbs
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| book = Proverbios
 
| chapter = 27
 
| chapter = 27
 
| verse = 3
 
| verse = 3
| text =
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| text = <br />
<br>
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:Pesada es la piedra y la arena pesa,
:Stone is heavy and sand a burden,
+
:pero más pesada que ambas es la ira del necio.
:but provocation by a fool is heavier than both.
 
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Bible verse
 
{{Bible verse
| version = NIV
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| version = RVR1995
| book = Psalm
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| book = Salmo
 
| chapter = 139
 
| chapter = 139
| verse = 17, 18
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| verse = 17 y 18
| text =
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| text = <br />
<br>
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:¡Cuán preciosos, Dios, me son tus pensamientos!
:How precious to me are your thoughts, O God!
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::¡Cuán grande es la suma de ellos!<br /><br />
::How vast is the sum of them!<br><br>
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:Si los enumero, se multiplican más que la arena.
:Were I to count them,
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::Yo despierto y aún estoy contigo.
::they would outnumber the grains of sand.
 
::When I awake,
 
::I am still with you.
 
 
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==Referencias==
==References==
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* [[w:Rock microstructure|Rock microstructure]]
 
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
 
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Latest revision as of 21:41, 14 July 2022

Other languages:
English • ‎español
Arena

Nivel de destreza

1

Año

1956

Version

01.10.2025

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

Sand AY Honor.png
Arena
Estudio de la naturaleza
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
Año de introducción
1956
Vea también


1

Hacer una colección de 30 arenas de diferentes colores. Correctamente etiquetadas con el nombre y cada localidad donde fueron encontradas.



2

¿Qué significa el término «arena»? Nombrar dos tipos de arena.



3

Dar el origen de la arena y qué minerales contiene.



4

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la arena y el suelo?



5

¿Qué se entiende por forma, superficie, fractura de grano y tamaño de grano?



6

Definir los siguientes y dar el uso de cada uno:


6a

Glacial



6b

Calcáreos



6c

Arenas movedizas



6d

Arenas de vidrio



6e

Arenas de moldeo



6f

Arenas de pulir



6g

Arenas para construir



6h

Arenas de filtro



6i

Arenas de horno



6j

Arenas de la orilla del lago




7

Examinar cinco clases de especímenes de arena bajo magnificación y observar sus diferentes características.



8

Memorizar y discutir Génesis 22:17, Proverbios 27:3, y Salmo 139:17 y 18.




de cierto te bendeciré y multiplicaré tu descendencia como las estrellas del cielo y como la arena que está a la orilla del mar; tu descendencia se adueñará de las puertas de sus enemigos.
-- Génesis 22:17 (RVR1995)




Pesada es la piedra y la arena pesa,
pero más pesada que ambas es la ira del necio.
-- Proverbios 27:3 (RVR1995)




¡Cuán preciosos, Dios, me son tus pensamientos!
¡Cuán grande es la suma de ellos!

Si los enumero, se multiplican más que la arena.
Yo despierto y aún estoy contigo.
-- Salmo 139:17 y 18 (RVR1995)



Referencias