Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Answer Key 2/es"

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Fiber promotes the wavelike contractions that keep food moving through the intestine. Also, high-fiber foods expand the inside walls of the colon. This eases the passage of waste. Fibrous substances pass through the intestine undigested. They also absorb many times their weight in water, resulting in softer, bulkier stools. Insoluble fiber is found in wheat, rye, bran, and other grains. It is also the fiber found in most vegetables. See [http://www.gicare.com/pated/edtgs01.htm]
 
  
 
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<!-- 6. Nombrar tres enfermedades debido a la desnutrición y describir los síntomas de cada una. -->
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===Scurvy===
 
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Scurvy is a disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C and leads to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. Scurvy was at one time common among sailors whose ships were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods.
 
  
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===Beriberi===
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Beriberi is a nervous system ailment caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), the symptoms of which may include weight loss, emotional disturbances, impaired sensory perception, weakness and pain in the limbs, and periods of irregular heartbeat. Swelling of bodily tissues  is common. In advanced cases, the disease may cause heart failure and death. The origin of the word is from the Sinhalese (Sri Lankan) language meaning "I cannot, I cannot".
 
  
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Beriberi occurs in people whose staple diet consists mainly of polished white rice, which contains little or no thiamine. Therefore the disease has been seen traditionally in people in Asian countries (especially in the nineteenth century and before) and in chronic alcoholics with impaired liver function. If a baby is fed the milk of a mother who suffers from a deficiency in thiamine, the child may develop beriberi.
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===Rickets===
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Rickets is a disorder which most commonly relates directly to Vitamin D deficiency, which causes a lack of calcium being absorbed. It can also arise, however, from other causes such as certain types of rare tumors or any phosphate-wasting disease. Because calcium is an essential nutrient which aids bone rigidity, the lack of it being absorbed into the body causes fragile or malformed bones, which are unable to support the weight of a growing body.  Rickets causes bone pain, slowed growth in children, dental problems, muscle loss and increased risk of fractures (easily broken bones).
 
  
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===Pellagra===
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Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by dietary lack of niacin and protein, especially the essential amino acid tryptophan.  Symptoms of pellagra are red skin lesions, diarrhea, dermatitis, weakness, mental confusion, and eventually dementia. This disease can be common for persons who obtain most of their food energy from corn, as corn is a poor source of tryptophan. Therefore this disease can be common amongst people who live in rural South America where — during winter — they live on corn. Usually the symptoms show during spring, and disappear over summer, to return the next spring, after another long winter.
 
  
 
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Early, noticeable symptoms of Overt B<sub>12</sub> Deficiency: Unusual fatigue, faulty digestion, no appetite, nausea, loss of menstruation. Also numbness and tingling of the hands and feet, nervousness, diarrhea, mild depression,etc. See [http://www.veganhealth.org/b12/sympt]
 
  
 
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http://philipngcc.homestead.com/
 
  
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Because Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> cannot be obtained through plant sources, total vegetarians (vegans) are advised to eat foods with B<sub>12</sub> added (such as fortified soy milk, fortified margarines, or many commercial breakfast cereals), certain brands of nutritional yeast, or take dietary supplements (a good multivitamin will likely include B<sub>12</sub> in sufficient quantities).
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Debido a que la vitamina B<sub>12</sub> no se puede obtener a través de fuentes vegetales, se recomienda a los vegetarianos (veganos) que consuman alimentos con B<sub>12</sub> agregado (como leche de soja fortificada, margarinas fortificadas o muchos cereales comerciales para el desayuno), ciertas marcas de levadura nutricional o tomar suplementos dietéticos (un buen multivitamínico probablemente incluirá B<sub>12</sub> en cantidades suficientes).
  
 
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Saturated fats and trans fatty acids are the kinds of fats most likely to cause heart disease. Saturated fats are found mainly in animal products (eggs, butter, cheese, whole milk, and whole milk products), and in coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil. Trans fatty acids appear in foods containing hydrogenated fats like margarine and crackers. To reduce the risk of heart disease, replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats like canola oil, olive oil, flax seed oil, nuts, avocado, soy products, and nut butters. Choose margarine, cookies, crackers, and snack foods that do not contain hydrogenated fats (read the label). See [http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/heart.htm]
 
  
 
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There are a several reasons why sugar is ruining your health: Sugar can suppress the immune system;  Sugar leads to cancer of the ovaries; Sugar can cause heart disease; Sugar can cause appendicitis; Sugar can cause multiple sclerosis; Sugar can increase cholesterol; Sugar can increase the systolic blood pressure; Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children; Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease; Sugar can lead to prostrate cancer; Sugar can cause liver tumors; etc. [http://www.rheumatic.org/sugar.htm]
 
  
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Several ways to use less sugar: Cut down slowly; go half and half; establish rules about dessert; If you must eat sweets, eat them with meals; Choose the right breakfast cereal; Don't skip meals; Don't add sugar to foods; ot for a walk when you crave sweetness; Go fat-free if you must have sweets.
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;Definition of Essential Amino acids: the nine a-amino acids required for protein synthesis that cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained in the diet: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
 
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Note: http://www.google.com enter definition essential amino acids to get this and other related definitions! [http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-28,GGLG:en&q=definition+amino+acids]
 
  
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Of the 28 amino acids needed by humans, 9 of them cannot be manufactured by the body and are thus termed "essential."
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Only some foods contain all the essential amino acids. These are:
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milk and dairy products, eggs, fish, meat and poultry. If you don't eat animal products, the only way you can get all the essential amino acids is by combining plant foods. For example: corn plus peas or beans, rice plus beans, lentils plus bread. [http://www.dietitian.com/protein.html] Google results:[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&rls=GGLG%2CGGLG%3A2005-28%2CGGLG%3Aen&q=amino+acids+needs+to+make+proteins]
 
  
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Another term that comes up when we talk about protein nutrition is the term essential amino acid. Our bodies can make quite a number of amino acids from other chemicals that are contained in the body and can convert some amino acids into other amino acids. However, there are some amino acids we are not able to synthesize ourselves. Those particular amino acids and they must be provided to us in our diet. Those amino acids are referred to as the essential amino acids. It's not to say that the non-essential amino acids are not necessary, it's just that it is not necessary for them to be in our diet because other things in the diet can be used to make them.
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The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats). These vitamins are usually absorbed in fat globules (called chylomicrons) that travel through the lymphatic system of the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body. These fat soluble vitamins, especially vitamins A and E, are then stored in body tissues. Two common vitamins that are fat soluble (A, D, E, and K). Two vitamins that are water soluble (B and C). It determines how each vitamin acts within the body.
 
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You can find this book here: [https://m.egwwritings.org/es/book/384.2847/toc Counsels on Diet and Foods by EGW].
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Puede encontrar este libro aquí: [https://m.egwwritings.org/es/book/1697.2#0 Consejos sobre el régimen alimenticio]
  
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[w:Scurvy|Wikipedia article on Scurvy]]
 
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*[[w:Beriberi|Wikipedia article on Beriberi]]
 
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*[[w:Rickets|Wikipedia article on Rickets]]
 
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*[[w:Pellagra|Wikipedia article on Pellagra]]
 
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Latest revision as of 00:25, 19 July 2022

Other languages:
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Nutrición - Avanzado

Nivel de destreza

3

Año

1986

Version

23.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

División Norteamericana

Nutrition Advanced AY Honor.png
Nutrición - Avanzado
Artes domésticas
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
División Norteamericana
Año de introducción
1986
Vea también
Maestría de Artes domésticas



1

Tener la especialidad de Nutrición.


Para consejos e instrucciones, véase Nutrición.


2

Leer un libro acerca de la nutrición.



3

Hacer lo siguiente:



3a

Mantener un diario de lo que come durante una semana usando un programa de computador y/o una aplicación de nutrición.



3b

Calcular (muchos programas de computadoras o aplicaciones hacen esto automáticamente) la cantidad total de nutrientes de los siguientes elementos en su dieta de cada día: calorías, proteínas, hierro, calcio, vitamina A, tiamina, riboflavina, niacina, vitamina C o ácido ascórbico.


La especialidad de Digestión requiere un diario de alimentos de dos semanas con un análisis y cumplimiento de la especialidad Nutritión. También cubre muchos temas iguales. ¿Por qué no desarrollar juntas esta especialidad y la de Digestión?



4

¿Cómo está el número de nutrientes en su dieta comparado con la Ingesta diaria recomendada?



5

Explicar por qué una dieta alta en fibra es importante y decir cómo ésta se puede obtener.



6

Nombrar tres enfermedades debido a la desnutrición y describir los síntomas de cada una.



7

¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la deficiencia de vitamina B12?



8

¿Qué consejo se puede dar a una persona que decide ser un vegetariano total?


Debido a que la vitamina B12 no se puede obtener a través de fuentes vegetales, se recomienda a los vegetarianos (veganos) que consuman alimentos con B12 agregado (como leche de soja fortificada, margarinas fortificadas o muchos cereales comerciales para el desayuno), ciertas marcas de levadura nutricional o tomar suplementos dietéticos (un buen multivitamínico probablemente incluirá B12 en cantidades suficientes).


9

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre grasas saturadas e insaturadas? ¿Cuál es la más saludable y por qué?



10

¿Por qué es recomendable usar menos azúcar en la dieta? Hacer una lista de varias maneras en que esto puede lograrse.



11

¿Qué son los aminoácidos? ¿Cuántos son necesarios para fabricar todas las proteínas necesarias en el cuerpo? ¿Qué se entiende por aminoácidos esenciales? ¿Cuántos de ellos son esenciales? ¿Dónde puede obtener todos los aminoácidos esenciales?



12

Conocer la diferencia entre las vitaminas hidrosolubles y las liposolubles. ¿Cuáles son dos vitaminas liposolubles? ¿Cuáles son dos vitaminas hidrosolubles?



13

Usando el libro Consejos sobre el régimen alimenticio de Elena G. de White, escribir un párrafo acerca de los beneficios de una dieta ovolactovegetariana.


Puede encontrar este libro aquí: Consejos sobre el régimen alimenticio


14

Explicar por qué necesita balancear el ejercicio con su ingesta de alimentos. ¿Por qué es importante no tomar cantidades excesivas de algunas vitaminas y minerales?




References

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