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<section begin=Body /> | <section begin=Body /> | ||
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<b>1. <section begin=req1 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:1--> | <b>1. <section begin=req1 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:1--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Have the | + | </noinclude>Have the Shells honor. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req1 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req1 /></b> | ||
<b>2. <section begin=req2 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:2--> | <b>2. <section begin=req2 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:2--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Define the term "mollusca" or "mollusk." | + | </noinclude>Define the term "mollusca" or "mollusk." |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2 /></b> | ||
<b>3. <section begin=req3 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:3--> | <b>3. <section begin=req3 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:3--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Learn the classification terms of mollusks, know the distinguishing characteristics of each, and become acquainted with several species under each class. | + | </noinclude>Learn the classification terms of mollusks, know the distinguishing characteristics of each, and become acquainted with several species under each class. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req3 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req3 /></b> | ||
<b>4. <section begin=req4 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:4--> | <b>4. <section begin=req4 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:4--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Distinguish between univalve and bivalve mollusks from the following considerations: | + | </noinclude>Distinguish between univalve and bivalve mollusks from the following considerations: |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4 /></b> | ||
:<b>a. <section begin=req4a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:5--> | :<b>a. <section begin=req4a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:5--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Shell | + | </noinclude>Shell |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4a /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4a /></b> | ||
:<b>b. <section begin=req4b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:6--> | :<b>b. <section begin=req4b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:6--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Mollusk body | + | </noinclude>Mollusk body |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4b /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4b /></b> | ||
:<b>c. <section begin=req4c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:7--> | :<b>c. <section begin=req4c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:7--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Reproduction | + | </noinclude>Reproduction |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4c /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4c /></b> | ||
:<b>d. <section begin=req4d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:8--> | :<b>d. <section begin=req4d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:8--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Movements | + | </noinclude>Movements |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4d /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4d /></b> | ||
:<b>e. <section begin=req4e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:9--> | :<b>e. <section begin=req4e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:9--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Securing food | + | </noinclude>Securing food |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4e /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4e /></b> | ||
:<b>f. <section begin=req4f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:10--> | :<b>f. <section begin=req4f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:10--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Self-preservation | + | </noinclude>Self-preservation |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4f /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4f /></b> | ||
<b>5. <section begin=req5 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:11--> | <b>5. <section begin=req5 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:11--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Identify from shells or drawings and know the meaning of the following concho logical terms: | + | </noinclude>Identify from shells or drawings and know the meaning of the following concho logical terms: |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5 /></b> | ||
:<b>a. <section begin=req5a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:12--> | :<b>a. <section begin=req5a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:12--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Valve | + | </noinclude>Valve |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5a /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5a /></b> | ||
:<b>b. <section begin=req5b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:13--> | :<b>b. <section begin=req5b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:13--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Apex | + | </noinclude>Apex |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5b /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5b /></b> | ||
:<b>c. <section begin=req5c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:14--> | :<b>c. <section begin=req5c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:14--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Aperture | + | </noinclude>Aperture |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5c /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5c /></b> | ||
:<b>d. <section begin=req5d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:15--> | :<b>d. <section begin=req5d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:15--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Byssus | + | </noinclude>Byssus |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5d /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5d /></b> | ||
:<b>e. <section begin=req5e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:16--> | :<b>e. <section begin=req5e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:16--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Foot | + | </noinclude>Foot |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5e /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5e /></b> | ||
:<b>f. <section begin=req5f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:17--> | :<b>f. <section begin=req5f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:17--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Mantle | + | </noinclude>Mantle |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5f /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5f /></b> | ||
:<b>g. <section begin=req5g /><noinclude><translate><!--T:18--> | :<b>g. <section begin=req5g /><noinclude><translate><!--T:18--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Operculum | + | </noinclude>Operculum |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5g /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5g /></b> | ||
:<b>h. <section begin=req5h /><noinclude><translate><!--T:19--> | :<b>h. <section begin=req5h /><noinclude><translate><!--T:19--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Mother of pearl | + | </noinclude>Mother of pearl |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5h /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5h /></b> | ||
:<b>i. <section begin=req5i /><noinclude><translate><!--T:20--> | :<b>i. <section begin=req5i /><noinclude><translate><!--T:20--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Epidermis | + | </noinclude>Epidermis |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5i /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5i /></b> | ||
:<b>j. <section begin=req5j /><noinclude><translate><!--T:21--> | :<b>j. <section begin=req5j /><noinclude><translate><!--T:21--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Ribs | + | </noinclude>Ribs |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5j /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5j /></b> | ||
:<b>k. <section begin=req5k /><noinclude><translate><!--T:22--> | :<b>k. <section begin=req5k /><noinclude><translate><!--T:22--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Teeth | + | </noinclude>Teeth |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5k /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5k /></b> | ||
:<b>l. <section begin=req5l /><noinclude><translate><!--T:23--> | :<b>l. <section begin=req5l /><noinclude><translate><!--T:23--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Concentric lines | + | </noinclude>Concentric lines |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5l /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5l /></b> | ||
:<b>m. <section begin=req5m /><noinclude><translate><!--T:24--> | :<b>m. <section begin=req5m /><noinclude><translate><!--T:24--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Canal | + | </noinclude>Canal |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5m /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5m /></b> | ||
:<b>n. <section begin=req5n /><noinclude><translate><!--T:25--> | :<b>n. <section begin=req5n /><noinclude><translate><!--T:25--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Spines | + | </noinclude>Spines |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5n /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5n /></b> | ||
:<b>o. <section begin=req5o /><noinclude><translate><!--T:26--> | :<b>o. <section begin=req5o /><noinclude><translate><!--T:26--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Whorls | + | </noinclude>Whorls |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5o /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5o /></b> | ||
:<b>p. <section begin=req5p /><noinclude><translate><!--T:27--> | :<b>p. <section begin=req5p /><noinclude><translate><!--T:27--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Lips | + | </noinclude>Lips |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5p /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5p /></b> | ||
<b>6. <section begin=req6 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:28--> | <b>6. <section begin=req6 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:28--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Explain the development of a shell. How long do mollusks live? | + | </noinclude>Explain the development of a shell. How long do mollusks live? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req6 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req6 /></b> | ||
<b>7. <section begin=req7 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:29--> | <b>7. <section begin=req7 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:29--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Give some facts about the life of a ''Strombus pugilis'' (fighting conch) and explain why this shell is so named. | + | </noinclude>Give some facts about the life of a ''Strombus pugilis'' (fighting conch) and explain why this shell is so named. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7 /></b> | ||
<b>8. <section begin=req8 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:30--> | <b>8. <section begin=req8 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:30--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Explain the activities of the shipworm. | + | </noinclude>Explain the activities of the shipworm. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req8 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req8 /></b> | ||
<b>9. <section begin=req9 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:31--> | <b>9. <section begin=req9 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:31--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What accounts for the distribution of mollusks. | + | </noinclude>What accounts for the distribution of mollusks. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req9 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req9 /></b> | ||
<b>10. <section begin=req10 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:32--> | <b>10. <section begin=req10 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:32--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Name two mollusks that have no shells. | + | </noinclude>Name two mollusks that have no shells. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req10 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req10 /></b> | ||
<b>11. <section begin=req11 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:33--> | <b>11. <section begin=req11 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:33--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Find answers for the following interesting questions: | + | </noinclude>Find answers for the following interesting questions: |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11 /></b> | ||
:<b>a. <section begin=req11a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:34--> | :<b>a. <section begin=req11a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:34--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>How are bivalve and univalve animals fastened to their shells? | + | </noinclude>How are bivalve and univalve animals fastened to their shells? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11a /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11a /></b> | ||
:<b>b. <section begin=req11b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:35--> | :<b>b. <section begin=req11b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:35--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>How is shell color controlled? | + | </noinclude>How is shell color controlled? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11b /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11b /></b> | ||
:<b>c. <section begin=req11c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:36--> | :<b>c. <section begin=req11c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:36--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What mollusk has four gills? | + | </noinclude>What mollusk has four gills? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11c /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11c /></b> | ||
:<b>d. <section begin=req11d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:37--> | :<b>d. <section begin=req11d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:37--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>From what sea animal was India ink formerly made? | + | </noinclude>From what sea animal was India ink formerly made? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11d /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11d /></b> | ||
:<b>e. <section begin=req11e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:38--> | :<b>e. <section begin=req11e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:38--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What mollusk spins a silken thread? | + | </noinclude>What mollusk spins a silken thread? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11e /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11e /></b> | ||
:<b>f. <section begin=req11f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:39--> | :<b>f. <section begin=req11f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:39--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What shells were used for money by ancient tribes? | + | </noinclude>What shells were used for money by ancient tribes? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11f /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11f /></b> | ||
:<b>g. <section begin=req11g /><noinclude><translate><!--T:40--> | :<b>g. <section begin=req11g /><noinclude><translate><!--T:40--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What shell is considered sacred by the Tibetans? | + | </noinclude>What shell is considered sacred by the Tibetans? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11g /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11g /></b> | ||
:<b>h. <section begin=req11h /><noinclude><translate><!--T:41--> | :<b>h. <section begin=req11h /><noinclude><translate><!--T:41--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Purple dye of ancient times came from the secretion of what mollusk? | + | </noinclude>Purple dye of ancient times came from the secretion of what mollusk? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11h /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11h /></b> | ||
:<b>i. <section begin=req11i /><noinclude><translate><!--T:42--> | :<b>i. <section begin=req11i /><noinclude><translate><!--T:42--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What is the source of pearls? How are they formed? | + | </noinclude>What is the source of pearls? How are they formed? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11i /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11i /></b> | ||
<b>12. <section begin=req12 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:43--> | <b>12. <section begin=req12 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:43--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Name six commercial uses for shells. | + | </noinclude>Name six commercial uses for shells. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12 /></b> | ||
<section begin=challenge /> | <section begin=challenge /> | ||
<b>13. <section begin=req13 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:44--> | <b>13. <section begin=req13 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:44--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Do one of the following: | + | </noinclude>Do one of the following: |
| − | :a. Personally find and collect 40 species of shells. List each shell as to the place and date it was found, common name, scientific name, and class. | + | :a. Personally find and collect 40 species of shells. List each shell as to the place and date it was found, common name, scientific name, and class. |
| − | :b. Make a collection of 50 species of shells you have found, received, or purchased. | + | :b. Make a collection of 50 species of shells you have found, received, or purchased. |
<!--T:45--> | <!--T:45--> | ||
| − | :List each shell collected as follows: if personally found, give the information called for under letter "a" above; if received or purchased, give the name of the person from whom the shell was received, the habitat of the shell, the date of its acquisition, and its common name, scientific name, and class. | + | :List each shell collected as follows: if personally found, give the information called for under letter "a" above; if received or purchased, give the name of the person from whom the shell was received, the habitat of the shell, the date of its acquisition, and its common name, scientific name, and class. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13 /></b> | ||
<section end=challenge /> | <section end=challenge /> | ||
<section end=Body /> | <section end=Body /> | ||
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| − | |||
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Latest revision as of 21:01, 21 July 2022
Shells - Advanced
Skill Level
3
Year
1949
Version
28.11.2024
Approval authority
General Conference
1. Have the Shells honor.
2. Define the term "mollusca" or "mollusk."
3. Learn the classification terms of mollusks, know the distinguishing characteristics of each, and become acquainted with several species under each class.
4. Distinguish between univalve and bivalve mollusks from the following considerations:
- a. Shell
- b. Mollusk body
- c. Reproduction
- d. Movements
- e. Securing food
- f. Self-preservation
5. Identify from shells or drawings and know the meaning of the following concho logical terms:
- a. Valve
- b. Apex
- c. Aperture
- d. Byssus
- e. Foot
- f. Mantle
- g. Operculum
- h. Mother of pearl
- i. Epidermis
- j. Ribs
- k. Teeth
- l. Concentric lines
- m. Canal
- n. Spines
- o. Whorls
- p. Lips
6. Explain the development of a shell. How long do mollusks live?
7. Give some facts about the life of a Strombus pugilis (fighting conch) and explain why this shell is so named.
8. Explain the activities of the shipworm.
9. What accounts for the distribution of mollusks.
10. Name two mollusks that have no shells.
11. Find answers for the following interesting questions:
- a. How are bivalve and univalve animals fastened to their shells?
- b. How is shell color controlled?
- c. What mollusk has four gills?
- d. From what sea animal was India ink formerly made?
- e. What mollusk spins a silken thread?
- f. What shells were used for money by ancient tribes?
- g. What shell is considered sacred by the Tibetans?
- h. Purple dye of ancient times came from the secretion of what mollusk?
- i. What is the source of pearls? How are they formed?
12. Name six commercial uses for shells.
13. Do one of the following:
- a. Personally find and collect 40 species of shells. List each shell as to the place and date it was found, common name, scientific name, and class.
- b. Make a collection of 50 species of shells you have found, received, or purchased.
- List each shell collected as follows: if personally found, give the information called for under letter "a" above; if received or purchased, give the name of the person from whom the shell was received, the habitat of the shell, the date of its acquisition, and its common name, scientific name, and class.
