Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Respiratory System/Requirements"
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<section begin=Body /> | <section begin=Body /> | ||
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<b>1. <section begin=req1 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:1--> | <b>1. <section begin=req1 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:1--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What are the structures that make up the respiratory system? Illustrate and describe the main functions of each. | + | </noinclude>What are the structures that make up the respiratory system? Illustrate and describe the main functions of each. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req1 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req1 /></b> | ||
<b>2. <section begin=req2 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:2--> | <b>2. <section begin=req2 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:2--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Are the right and left lungs the same? What is the anatomical difference between them? | + | </noinclude>Are the right and left lungs the same? What is the anatomical difference between them? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req2 /></b> | ||
<b>3. <section begin=req3 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:3--> | <b>3. <section begin=req3 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:3--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What are the two main gases of the body? What is gas exchange? Describe the conductive airways up to the point of gas exchange. | + | </noinclude>What are the two main gases of the body? What is gas exchange? Describe the conductive airways up to the point of gas exchange. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req3 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req3 /></b> | ||
<b>4. <section begin=req4 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:4--> | <b>4. <section begin=req4 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:4--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What is an alveolus and what is its function? Illustrate an alveolus by means of drawings or figures, demonstrating the moment of gas exchange. | + | </noinclude>What is an alveolus and what is its function? Illustrate an alveolus by means of drawings or figures, demonstrating the moment of gas exchange. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req4 /></b> | ||
<b>5. <section begin=req5 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:5--> | <b>5. <section begin=req5 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:5--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What is the main function of cilia, including motile cilia? | + | </noinclude>What is the main function of cilia, including motile cilia? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req5 /></b> | ||
| + | <section begin=challenge /> | ||
<b>6. <section begin=req6 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:6--> | <b>6. <section begin=req6 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:6--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What is the relationship between cellular respiration and pulmonary respiration? | + | </noinclude>What is the relationship between cellular respiration and pulmonary respiration? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req6 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req6 /></b> | ||
| + | <section end=challenge /> | ||
<b>7. <section begin=req7 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:7--> | <b>7. <section begin=req7 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:7--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems are intimately linked. | + | </noinclude>Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems are intimately linked. |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req7 /></b> | ||
<b>8. <section begin=req8 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:8--> | <b>8. <section begin=req8 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:8--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What is the importance of hemoglobin and iron for the oxygenation of the body? | + | </noinclude>What is the importance of hemoglobin and iron for the oxygenation of the body? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req8 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req8 /></b> | ||
<b>9. <section begin=req9 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:9--> | <b>9. <section begin=req9 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:9--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Describe in detail the movements of inspiration and exhalation. Which is the importance of the diaphragm muscle for these movements? | + | </noinclude>Describe in detail the movements of inspiration and exhalation. Which is the importance of the diaphragm muscle for these movements? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req9 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req9 /></b> | ||
<b>10. <section begin=req10 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:10--> | <b>10. <section begin=req10 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:10--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Which organ of the central nervous system controls breathing? Why? | + | </noinclude>Which organ of the central nervous system controls breathing? Why? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req10 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req10 /></b> | ||
<b>11. <section begin=req11 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:11--> | <b>11. <section begin=req11 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:11--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>What is the normal respiratory rate of: | + | </noinclude>What is the normal respiratory rate of: |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11 /></b> | ||
:<b>a. <section begin=req11a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:12--> | :<b>a. <section begin=req11a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:12--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Newborns | + | </noinclude>Newborns |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11a /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11a /></b> | ||
:<b>b. <section begin=req11b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:13--> | :<b>b. <section begin=req11b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:13--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Children | + | </noinclude>Children |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11b /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11b /></b> | ||
:<b>c. <section begin=req11c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:14--> | :<b>c. <section begin=req11c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:14--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Adults | + | </noinclude>Adults |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11c /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req11c /></b> | ||
<b>12. <section begin=req12 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:15--> | <b>12. <section begin=req12 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:15--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Define the following terms about respiratory alterations: | + | </noinclude>Define the following terms about respiratory alterations: |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12 /></b> | ||
:<b>a. <section begin=req12a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:16--> | :<b>a. <section begin=req12a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:16--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Eupnea | + | </noinclude>Eupnea |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12a /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12a /></b> | ||
:<b>b. <section begin=req12b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:17--> | :<b>b. <section begin=req12b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:17--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Tachypnea | + | </noinclude>Tachypnea |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12b /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12b /></b> | ||
:<b>c. <section begin=req12c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:18--> | :<b>c. <section begin=req12c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:18--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Bradipnea | + | </noinclude>Bradipnea |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12c /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12c /></b> | ||
:<b>d. <section begin=req12d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:19--> | :<b>d. <section begin=req12d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:19--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Dispnea | + | </noinclude>Dispnea |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12d /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12d /></b> | ||
:<b>e. <section begin=req12e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:20--> | :<b>e. <section begin=req12e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:20--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Ortopnea | + | </noinclude>Ortopnea |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12e /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12e /></b> | ||
:<b>f. <section begin=req12f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:21--> | :<b>f. <section begin=req12f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:21--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Apnea | + | </noinclude>Apnea |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12f /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req12f /></b> | ||
<b>13. <section begin=req13 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:22--> | <b>13. <section begin=req13 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:22--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Study the following respiratory diseases and describe for each: how it occurs/is acquired, transmission (if that is the case), treatment and prevention: | + | </noinclude>Study the following respiratory diseases and describe for each: how it occurs/is acquired, transmission (if that is the case), treatment and prevention: |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13 /></b> | ||
:<b>a. <section begin=req13a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:23--> | :<b>a. <section begin=req13a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:23--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Asthma | + | </noinclude>Asthma |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13a /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13a /></b> | ||
:<b>b. <section begin=req13b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:24--> | :<b>b. <section begin=req13b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:24--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Tuberculosis | + | </noinclude>Tuberculosis |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13b /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13b /></b> | ||
:<b>c. <section begin=req13c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:25--> | :<b>c. <section begin=req13c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:25--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Pneumonia | + | </noinclude>Pneumonia |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13c /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13c /></b> | ||
:<b>d. <section begin=req13d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:26--> | :<b>d. <section begin=req13d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:26--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Influenza / upper respiratory tract infections | + | </noinclude>Influenza / upper respiratory tract infections |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13d /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13d /></b> | ||
:<b>e. <section begin=req13e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:27--> | :<b>e. <section begin=req13e /><noinclude><translate><!--T:27--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Pulmonary emphysema | + | </noinclude>Pulmonary emphysema |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13e /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13e /></b> | ||
:<b>f. <section begin=req13f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:28--> | :<b>f. <section begin=req13f /><noinclude><translate><!--T:28--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Pulmonary thromboembolism | + | </noinclude>Pulmonary thromboembolism |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13f /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13f /></b> | ||
:<b>g. <section begin=req13g /><noinclude><translate><!--T:29--> | :<b>g. <section begin=req13g /><noinclude><translate><!--T:29--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Pneumoconiosis | + | </noinclude>Pneumoconiosis |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13g /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13g /></b> | ||
:<b>h. <section begin=req13h /><noinclude><translate><!--T:30--> | :<b>h. <section begin=req13h /><noinclude><translate><!--T:30--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Cystic fibrosis | + | </noinclude>Cystic fibrosis |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13h /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req13h /></b> | ||
<b>14. <section begin=req14 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:31--> | <b>14. <section begin=req14 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:31--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Research the effects of smoking on the respiratory system. Present your results in one of the following ways: | + | </noinclude>Research the effects of smoking on the respiratory system. Present your results in one of the following ways: |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14 /></b> | ||
:<b>a. <section begin=req14a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:32--> | :<b>a. <section begin=req14a /><noinclude><translate><!--T:32--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Written report, at least 500 words | + | </noinclude>Written report, at least 500 words |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14a /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14a /></b> | ||
:<b>b. <section begin=req14b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:33--> | :<b>b. <section begin=req14b /><noinclude><translate><!--T:33--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Verbal presentation, at least 5 minutes | + | </noinclude>Verbal presentation, at least 5 minutes |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14b /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14b /></b> | ||
:<b>c. <section begin=req14c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:34--> | :<b>c. <section begin=req14c /><noinclude><translate><!--T:34--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Display with posters and signs | + | </noinclude>Display with posters and signs |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14c /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14c /></b> | ||
:<b>d. <section begin=req14d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:35--> | :<b>d. <section begin=req14d /><noinclude><translate><!--T:35--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Poem or music | + | </noinclude>Poem or music |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14d /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req14d /></b> | ||
<b>15. <section begin=req15 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:36--> | <b>15. <section begin=req15 /><noinclude><translate><!--T:36--> | ||
| − | </noinclude>Conduct a survey in your region or state, comparing the quality indices of the air. How can these indices be improved? What can you do to improve them? | + | </noinclude>Conduct a survey in your region or state, comparing the quality indices of the air. How can these indices be improved? What can you do to improve them? |
<noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req15 /></b> | <noinclude></translate></noinclude><section end=req15 /></b> | ||
<section end=Body /> | <section end=Body /> | ||
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| − | |||
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Latest revision as of 21:35, 21 July 2022
Respiratory System
Skill Level
2
Year
2012
Version
28.11.2024
Approval authority
South American Division
1. What are the structures that make up the respiratory system? Illustrate and describe the main functions of each.
2. Are the right and left lungs the same? What is the anatomical difference between them?
3. What are the two main gases of the body? What is gas exchange? Describe the conductive airways up to the point of gas exchange.
4. What is an alveolus and what is its function? Illustrate an alveolus by means of drawings or figures, demonstrating the moment of gas exchange.
5. What is the main function of cilia, including motile cilia?
6. What is the relationship between cellular respiration and pulmonary respiration?
7. Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems are intimately linked.
8. What is the importance of hemoglobin and iron for the oxygenation of the body?
9. Describe in detail the movements of inspiration and exhalation. Which is the importance of the diaphragm muscle for these movements?
10. Which organ of the central nervous system controls breathing? Why?
11. What is the normal respiratory rate of:
- a. Newborns
- b. Children
- c. Adults
12. Define the following terms about respiratory alterations:
- a. Eupnea
- b. Tachypnea
- c. Bradipnea
- d. Dispnea
- e. Ortopnea
- f. Apnea
13. Study the following respiratory diseases and describe for each: how it occurs/is acquired, transmission (if that is the case), treatment and prevention:
- a. Asthma
- b. Tuberculosis
- c. Pneumonia
- d. Influenza / upper respiratory tract infections
- e. Pulmonary emphysema
- f. Pulmonary thromboembolism
- g. Pneumoconiosis
- h. Cystic fibrosis
14. Research the effects of smoking on the respiratory system. Present your results in one of the following ways:
- a. Written report, at least 500 words
- b. Verbal presentation, at least 5 minutes
- c. Display with posters and signs
- d. Poem or music
15. Conduct a survey in your region or state, comparing the quality indices of the air. How can these indices be improved? What can you do to improve them?
