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| − | {{Taxobox | + | <noinclude><translate><!--T:1--> |
| − | | color = red
| + | </noinclude> |
| − | | name = Strepsiptera | + | |
| | + | <!--T:2--> |
| | + | {{Species id |
| | + | | common_name = Twisted-winged Parasites |
| | | image = Strepsiptera-halictophagida.gif | | | image = Strepsiptera-halictophagida.gif |
| − | | image_width = 250px | + | | latin_name = Strepsiptera |
| − | | regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| + | | order = '''Strepsiptera''' |
| − | | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| + | | description = |
| − | | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | |
| − | | classis = [[Insect]]a
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| − | | ordo = '''Strepsiptera'''
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| − | | ordo_authority = [[William Kirby|Kirby]], 1813 | |
| − | | subdivision_ranks = Families
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| − | | subdivision =
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| − | [[Mengenillidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Mengeidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Stylopidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Bohartillidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Corioxenidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Halictophagidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Callipharixenidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Elenchidae]]<br>
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| − | [[Myrmecolacidae]]
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| − | }}
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| − | The '''Strepsiptera''' (occasionally known as ''twisted-winged parasites'') are an order of [[insect]]s with nine families making up about 610 species. They are [[parasitoid]]s on other insects; their hosts include [[bee]]s, [[wasp]]s, [[leafhopper]]s, [[silverfish]], and [[cockroach]]es. | + | <!--T:3--> |
| | + | The '''Strepsiptera''' (known in older literature as ''twisted-winged parasites'') are an order of parasitic insects with nine families making up about 600 species. Their hosts include bees, wasps, leafhoppers, silverfish, and cockroaches. |
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| − | Male Strepsiptera have [[insect wing|wings]], [[arthropod leg|legs]], [[eye]]s, and [[antenna (biology)|antennae]], and look like flies, though they generally have no useful [[mouthparts]]. Females, in all families except the Mengenillidae, never leave their host and are [[neoteny|neotenic]] in form, lacking wings and legs. Males have a very short adult lifetime (usually less than five hours) and do not feed as adults. They search for and mate with a female (whose anterior region extrudes through the host's body). Sperm passes through an opening in the head of the female and from there directly into the body cavity ([[haemocoel]]). | + | <!--T:4--> |
| − | | + | Male Strepsiptera have wings, legs, eyes, and antennae, and look like flies, though they generally have no useful mouthparts. Females, in all families except the Mengenillidae, never leave their host and lack wings and legs. Males have a very short adult lifetime (usually less than five hours) and do not feed as adults. Many of their mouth parts are modified into sensory structures. |
| − | Strepsiptera enter their insect hosts as [[larva]]e. They undergo [[hypermetamorphosis]] and become a less mobile larval form. In this stage they feed within the host's body cavity. The colour and shape of the host's abdomen may be changed and the host usually becomes sterile. The parasites then undergoes holometabolous metamorphosis to become adults. Adult males emerge out of the host body while females stay on inside.
| + | }} |
| − | | + | <noinclude></translate></noinclude> |
| − | Male Strepsiptera have eyes unlike those of any other [[insect]], resembling the schizochroal eyes found in the [[trilobite]] group known as [[Phacopida]]. Instead of [[compound eye]]s consisting of hundreds of [[ommatidia]], each of which sees one pixel, the strepsipteran eyes consist of a few dozen lenses, each with its own individual [[retina]].
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| − | The order, named by [[William Forsell Kirby|Kirby]] in 1813, is named for the [[Hindwing|hind wings]] (twisted wing), which are held at a twisted angle when at rest. The forewings are reduced to [[halteres]].
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| − | Strepsiptera are an enigma to taxonomists. Some believe they are the sister group to the beetle families [[Meloidae]] and [[Rhipiphoridae]], which have similar parasitic development and forewing reduction; some say they are the sister group to the [[beetle]]s; some say they are the sister group to the [[flies]], which have hindwings modified into halteres. The earliest strepsipteran is the highly primitive ''[[Cretostylops engeli]]'' in middle Cretaceous amber from Myanmar.
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| − | == References ==
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| − | *{{cite book|author=[[David Grimaldi|Grimaldi, D.]] and [[Michael S. Engel|Engel, M.S.]] |title=Evolution of the Insects|year=[[2005]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|id=ISBN 0-521-82149-5}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | * http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Strepsiptera
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| − | * http://www.strepsiptera.uni-rostock.de/
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| − | * [http://arago.elte.hu/abstracts/abstract_survey.html Survey of Modern Counterparts of Schizochroal Trilobite Eyes: Structural and Functional Similarities and Differences]
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| − | [[Category:Insects]]
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| − | [[Category:Strepsiptera|*]]
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| − | [[Category:Neoptera]]
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| − | [[Category:Biological pest control agents]]
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| − | [[de:Fächerflügler]]
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| − | [[fr:Strepsiptera]]
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| − | [[it:Strepsiptera]]
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| − | [[nl:Waaiervleugelige]]
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| − | [[no:Viftevinger]]
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