Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Seeds/Answer Key/es"

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{{honor_desc/es
 
|stage=00
 
|honorname=Semillas
 
|skill=1
 
|year=1961
 
|category=Estudio de la naturaleza
 
|authority=Asociación General
 
|insignia=Seeds_Honor.png
 
}}
 
 
 
{{Honor_Master/es|honor=Semillas|master=Naturaleza|group=Flora}}
 
 
 
{{IAConnection/es|[[Investiture_Achievement/Friend/Nature_Study/es|AMIGO Estudio de la naturaleza]]|(como una de dos opciones) hacer una colección de 15 diferentes clases de semillas como está escrito en el requisito #9 de esta especialidad|Esta especialidad es una elección popular para la especialidad de la categoría de Estudio de la naturaleza de nivel de destreza 1 requerido para los AMIGOS DE LA NATURALEZA.}}
 
 
 
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<!-- 4. Decir de memoria cuatro diferentes métodos con los cuales se esparcen las semillas. Nombrar tres clases de plantas cuyas semillas son esparcidas por cada método. -->
 
<!-- 4. Decir de memoria cuatro diferentes métodos con los cuales se esparcen las semillas. Nombrar tres clases de plantas cuyas semillas son esparcidas por cada método. -->
  
===Gravity===
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The effect of gravity on the dispersal of seeds and spores is straightforward.  Heavier seeds will tend to drop downward from the parent plant, and not by themselves travel very far.  Spores, being much lighter, are more influenced by physical movements in the environment, especially those of wind and water, and therefore less strictly subject to the simple motion of gravity (see examples below). Gravity may be sufficient agent for plants growing on steep slopes, but upslope movement of a population can be a problem. The naked seeds of gymnosperms are largely dependent upon gravity for dispersal. Most conifers are long-lived large shrubs or tall trees, thus taking full advantage of gravitational dispersal and allowing for gradual upslope movement of a population. Dispersal of seeds "strictly" by gravity should not overlook storm effects: seeds from a deteriorating cone growing high on a tall, narrow tree will get spread widely during a wind storm (see "Wind" below).   
 
  
Encasing seeds in a rounded fruit promotes gravity driven movement away from the parent.
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* Pine trees
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* Spruce trees
 
* Fir trees
 
* Junipers
 
* Cedars
 
* Hemlocks
 
  
===Mechanical dispersal===
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Numerous species have mechanical means to overcome the tendency of a seed to drop close to its parent. Seedpods are often shaped so that the seeds are flung away from the parent plant with considerable force as the seedpod matures
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Examples of fruit with mechanical dispersal mechanisms:
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* Yellow wood sorrel and Touch-me-not &ndash; as the seed dries, becomes sensitive to disturbance, ejecting tiny seeds in an explosive discharge.  Touch-me-not is named for this behavior.
 
* Maple trees - the seeds of the Maple tree are those little "helicopters" that children love to play with.  As the seeds falls, the wings cause it to rotate, slowing its descent, and thus allowing a breeze to carry it farther from the parent.  When the seed strikes the ground, it bores into the soil.
 
  
[[image:Pisssenlit4.1s.JPG|right|thumbnail|200px|Dandelion "clock," showing brown achenes and attached pappuses.]]
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===Wind===
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For non-aquatic, terrestrial plants, the wind is an obvious supplier of energy for movement, and many plants clearly take advantage of this fact.  This type of seed dispersal is not efficient, but very effective. Perhaps most familiar are the feather-light fiber parachutes with attached achenes that are produced by a number of species of flowers, a well-known example being the dandelion (see right).
 
  
* Milkweed
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* Thistles
 
* Dandelions
 
  
=== Water ===
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Plants that grow in water (aquatic and obligate wetland species) are likely to utilize water to disperse their seeds.  For example, all mangroves disperse their offspring by water. In one mechanism, the seedling separates from the fruit, leaving its cotyledons behind, and&mdash;floating horizontally on the water surface&mdash;is carried away by tidal or river flow. After a month or two, the propagated seed turns vertical in the water. Once it "feels" bottom or strands, roots start to develop and leaves appear at the upper end.
 
  
A mechanism commonly seen in coastal plants are those that promote flotation of the fruit, allowing the seed to be carried away on the tide or ocean currents. Examples would be:
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* The coconut produces a large, dry, fiber-filled fruit capable of a long survival adrift at sea.
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* Alexandrian laurel or ''kamani'' produces a globose fruit that is almost cork-like.   
 
  
===Animals===
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[[Image:Barbed seed in fur 2159.jpg|thumb|right|A barbed seed caught in the fur of a cat.]]
 
[[Image:Seeds atached to trouser leg.jpg|thumb|Seeds are often the bane of bushwalkers]]
 
A significant aspect of plant-animal cooperation involves plants designed to take advantage of animal abilities to move. Some fruit have prickly burrs or spikes that attach themselves to a passing animal's fur or feathers so that the animal will carry them away. Some seeds are contained within a soft fruit that "invites" animals to consume it. These seeds have a tough protective outer-coating so that while the fruit is digested, the seeds will pass through their host's digestive tract intact, and grow wherever they fall. Some seeds are appealing to rodents (such as squirrels) who hoard them in hidden caches, often beneath the surface of the soil, in order to avoid starving during the winter and early spring. Those seeds that are left uneaten have the chance to germinate and grow into a new plant.
 
  
Some animals that disperse may also eat the seed.
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* Beggarlice
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* Cockle burr
 
* Apple
 
* Banana
 
* Strawberry
 
* Oak (acorns)
 
  
 
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==== Stratification ====
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[[image:Sjb_whiskey_malt.jpg|thumb|250px|Malted (germinated) barley grains]]
 
  
Seeds must be mature and environmental factors must be favorable before germination can take place. When a mature seed is placed under favorable conditions and fails to germinate, it is said to be dormant. Some seeds will not germinate (begin to grow) until they have been dormant for a while. The length of time plant seeds remain dormant can be reduced or eliminated by a simple seed treatment called stratification. Seeds should be planted promptly after stratification.
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Stratification mimics natural processes that weaken the seed coat before germination. In nature, some seeds require particular conditions to germinate, such as the heat of a fire (e.g., many Australian native plants), or soaking in a body of water for a long period of time. Others have to be passed through an animal's digestive tract to weaken the seed coat and enable germination.
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<!-- 9. Make a collection of 30 different kinds of seeds, of which only 10 may be collected from commercial seed packages, the other 20 you are to collect yourself. Label each kind as follows: seed name, date collected, location collected, and col­lector’s name. -->
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<!-- 9. Hacer una colección de 30 diferentes clases de semillas, de los cuales solo 10 se pueden obtener de los paquetes de semillas comerciales, los otros 20 se deben de recolectar por sí mismo. Etiquetar cada clase de la siguiente manera: nombre de la semilla, fecha recolectada, la ubicación donde se recogieron y el nombre del coleccionista. -->
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Seeds/Seed collection}}
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==References==
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==Referencias==
* Wikipedia articles
 
** [[w:Seeds|Seeds]]
 
** [[w:Germination|Germination]]
 
** [[w:Biological dispersion|Biological dispersion]]
 
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Do at home|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
 
 
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Latest revision as of 23:40, 3 January 2023

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎português do Brasil
Semillas

Nivel de destreza

1

Año

1961

Version

16.06.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

Seeds AY Honor.png
Semillas
Estudio de la naturaleza
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
Año de introducción
1961
Vea también


1

¿Cuál es el objetivo principal de la semilla?



2

¿Cuáles alimentos fueron dados por primera vez al hombre en el Jardín del Edén?



3

Identificar una semilla o el dibujo y conocer la finalidad de cada una de estas partes de una semilla: tegumento, cotiledón y embrión.




4

Decir de memoria cuatro diferentes métodos con los cuales se esparcen las semillas. Nombrar tres clases de plantas cuyas semillas son esparcidas por cada método.



5

Mencionar de memoria 10 clases de semillas que se utilizan para la alimentación.



6

Mencionar de memoria cinco clases de semillas que se utilizan como fuentes de aceite.



7

Mencionar de memoria cinco clases de semillas que se utilizan para las especias.



8

¿Qué condiciones son necesarias para que una semilla brote?



9

Hacer una colección de 30 diferentes clases de semillas, de los cuales sólo 10 se pueden obtener de los paquetes de semillas comerciales, los otros 20 se deben de recolectar por sí mismo. Etiquetar cada clase de la siguiente manera: nombre de la semilla, fecha recolectada, la ubicación donde se recogieron y el nombre del coleccionista.


Las semillas están a todo su alrededor. Puede encontrarlos en muchas frutas, como manzanas, naranjas, peras, toronjas, mandarinas, fresas y limones. También están presentes en muchos vegetales, como pepino, calabaza, maíz (use palomitas de maíz para su colección) y frijoles de todas las variedades. Haga un paseo por la sección de productos agrícolas de una tienda de comestibles y compre algunos de estos alimentos. Es especialmente divertido probar frutas y verduras nuevas e inusuales.

Las flores también producen semillas, por lo que puede recolectar semillas de las flores que tal vez ya tenga en su macizo de flores o de otra persona (con su permiso).

También puede recolectar varias semillas en la naturaleza, como semillas de pasto, algodoncillo, bellotas (y otras nueces), trébol, vara de oro, etc.

Una vez que haya agotado estas fuentes, vaya a la sección de semillas de una tienda. Esto debe reservarse como último recurso.




Referencias