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| | {{HonorSubpage}} | | {{HonorSubpage}} |
| | + | {{#vardefine:reqpage|{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2}}/Requirements 2}} |
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| | + | <section begin="Body" /> |
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| | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=1}} |
| | <noinclude></noinclude> | | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | {{division variant/es|division=Asociación General}}
| + | <!-- 1. ¿Qué es jabón? --> |
| − | <noinclude></noinclude>
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| − | <section begin="Body" />
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| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
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| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | </noinclude>
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| − | <!-- 1. What is soap? --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Soap is a product used in conjunction with water for cleansing and lubricating. In a domestic setting soaps are usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industry soaps are used as thickeners, lubricants, or as part a process before a catalyst is applied.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 1 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=2}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 2. ¿Qué tres ingredientes son necesarios para hacer jabón? --> |
| − | <!-- 2. What three ingredients are necessary to make soap? --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | An alkali, a fat, and water.
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| − | </div>
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| − | Alkali includes lye and potash. Lye makes a harder soap while potash makes a softer soap.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | A variety of fats can be used, such as lard, coconut oil, or palm oil.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | Water or a substance containing water, such as milks, fruit juices, etc. are also necessary.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 2 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 2 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=3}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 3. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre jabón y detergente? --> |
| − | <!-- 3. What is the difference between soap and detergent? --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Soaps are made from natural ingredients and detergents are made from man-made derivatives. Soap needs to be rinsed in clear water or it will leave a film. Detergents do not leave any residue. Soaps need '''warm'''water to work. Detergents work well in any water temperature. [https://www.nycoproducts.com/resources/blog/simple-science-the-difference-between-soap-and-detergent/]
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| − | * A [[W:soap|soap]] is a natural fatty substance (called fatty acids) which has been reacted with lye (sodium hydroxide).
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| − | * A [[W:detergent|detergent]] is any type of cleaner which does not contain a soap as its main ingredient.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 3 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 3 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=4}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 4. ¿Cuál es la diferencia entre los jabones de tocador y los jabones que no son de tocador? --> |
| − | <!-- 4. What is the difference in toilet soaps and non-toilet soaps? --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Toilet soaps are used in domestic settings. Usually, what most people refer to as "soap" is technically called a toilet soap, used for household and personal cleaning.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Non-toilet soaps are components of many lubricating greases and thickeners. Greases are usually mixtures of calcium soap or lithium soap and mineral oil. There are many any other metallic soaps, such as aluminum or sodium. These soaps are used as thickeners to increase the viscosity of oils.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=5}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 5. Nombrar tres usos de los jabones que no son de tocador. --> |
| − | <!-- 5. Name three uses of non-toilet soaps. --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | They are used as a lubricating agents in grease and as thickeners. Artist paints use them as a thickener controlling the flow of the paint.
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| − | Non-toilet lithium soaps are used as components of lithium grease (white lithium) used as a form-release agent at relatively high temperatures.
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| − | Aluminum soap is used chiefly in lubricating greases, in protective coatings, and in waterproofing compositions.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=6}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 6. Discutir cómo los jabones de tocador funcionan para limpiar. --> |
| − | <!-- 6. Discuss how toilet soaps work to clean. --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | The structure of soap molecules enables them to remove dirt with ease. They consist of a hydrocarbon chain with a sodium or potassium atom at the end. The hydrocarbon end is attracted to oil and repels water, whereas the other end attracts water. When you wash your hands, oily dirt particles are surrounded by soap molecules with their water-loving heads facing outwards. This breaks up the dirt and lets it wash away in the water. [https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/how-does-soap-work/]
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=7}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 7. Investigar la historia y el origen del jabón. Contestar las siguientes preguntas: --> |
| − | <!-- 7. Research the history and origin of soap. Answer the following questions: --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=7a}} <!--T:11--> |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7a}} <!--T:11--> | |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Soap making was known as early as 2800 B.C. [[http://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/w/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Arts_and_Crafts/Soap_Craft_(General_Conference) ]]
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| − | </div>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7a --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7a --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7b}} <!--T:12--> | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=7b}} <!--T:12--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | </div>
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| + | {{clear}} |
| − | It is mentioned in Jeremiah 2:22 in the context that soap cannot wash away the stain of our guilt. In Malachi 3:2, soap is mentioned in the context of the Lord's coming. At that time Jesus will be a cleansing agent like a laundry soap. [https://biblehub.com/topical/s/soap.htm]
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| − | </div>
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| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7b --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7b --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7c}} <!--T:13--> | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=7c}} <!--T:13--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | </div>
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| + | {{clear}} |
| − | The chemistry of soap manufacturing stayed essentially the same until 1916. During World War I and again in World War II, there was a shortage of animal and vegetable fats and oils that were used in making soap. Chemists had to use other raw materials instead, which were “synthesized” into chemicals with similar properties. These are what are known today as “detergents.” [https://www.cleaninginstitute.org/understanding-products/why-clean/soaps-detergents-history ]
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| − | </div>
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| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7c --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7c --> |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=8}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 8. ¿Qué es la capa de impureza? --> |
| − | <!-- 8. What is soap scum? --> | |
| − | </div>
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| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Scum is the substance which results from the reaction of the hardness mineral in water with common household soaps. Evident as a bath tub ring or on shower doors.
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| − | </div>
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| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
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| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=9}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 9. Tallar un objeto de una barra de jabón. --> |
| − | <!-- 9. Carve an object from a bar of soap. --> | |
| − | </div>
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| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Here are some Pathfinder soap carvings for examples.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | <gallery widths=250px perrow="2">
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| − | Image:Soap carved cat.jpg
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| − | Image:Soap carved tulip.jpg
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | You can buy multi-packs of soap at reasonable prices at large "warehouse" type stores such as Costco or Sam's Club or at large retailers such as Target or Walmart. Ivory brand soap works pretty well for this, though you may wish to check that none of your Pathfinders are allergic to it before you buy it.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Start by tracing the design onto the bar of soap, etching the lines lightly into the soap with a pointed stick or the tip of a knife. Instruct your Pathfinders on knife safety before handing out the knives:
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| − | # Do not draw the knife towards yourself - cut away from your body.
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| − | # Pick up a knife by its handle
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| − | # Be aware that folding knives can close when under pressure.
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| − | # Offer a knife's ''handle'' to another person when handing it to another person.
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| − | </div>
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| − | Once the design is etched into the soap, begin removing the soap that does not belong there. Do not remove huge chunks all at once or the soap may break. You can also use the knife to drill holes in the soap.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> |
| − | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} | + | {{ansreq|page={{#var:reqpage}}|num=10}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 10. Decorar una barra de jabón para un regalo. --> |
| − | <!-- 10. Decorate a bar of soap for a gift. --> | |
| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Soap can be decorated by attaching ribbons with pins. You can also use pins to attach photos (crop them first), pictures cut from magazines, buttons, doilies, etc. Be creative! Pay attention to the colors of the materials you attach to the soap compared to the color of the soap itself. Soap need not be carved before decorating, but it may help to cut any lettering (such as the brand's logo) off before attaching pictures.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
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| − | ''If you have pictures to contribute, we'd love to add them to this chapter. Just click the "talk" link at the top of the page!''
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| − | </div>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Referencias==</noinclude> |
| − | ==References== | |
| − | </div> | |
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| − | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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| − | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Do at home|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Do at home{{GetLangSuffix}}]] |
| − | <noinclude>
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| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseHonorPage}} | | {{CloseHonorPage}} |
