|
|
| (14 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 56: |
Line 56: |
| | {{clear}} | | {{clear}} |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Caterpillars===
| |
| − | The tortryx moth ''Lozotaenia forsterana'' is a prominent pest of roses, although not the sole pest. The caterpillars are green, up to 15mm long, and can be found boring into buds or within curled leaves. When disturbed the caterpillars move swiftly, dropping to the ground on a fine thread. Damage is chewn leaves and flowers and buds with "shot holes".
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Caterpillars cause much damage, mainly by destroying leaves. The cotton bollworm causes enormous losses. Other species eat food crops. Caterpillars have been the target of pest control through the use of pesticides, biological control and agronomic practices. Many species have become resistant to pesticides. Bacterial toxins such as those from Bacillus thuringiensis which affect the gut of lepidoptera have been used in sprays of bacterial spores, toxin extracts and also by incorporating genes to produce them within the host plants.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Scale insects===
| |
| − | ====Cottony cushion scale====
| |
| − | This scale infests twigs and branches. The mature female is oval in shape, reddish-brown with black hairs, 5 mm long. When mature the insect remains stationary and produces an egg sac in grooves, by extrusion, in the body which encases hundreds of red eggs. The insect causes little damage but produces copious honeydew that can cause damaging sooty mold.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Natural predators include the vedalia beetle, ''Rodolia cardinalis'' which, unless disrupted by insecticides, are a very effective biological control.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Ants "farm" cottony cushion scale to harvest the honeydew they produce, so controlling ants goes a long way towards controlling this scale. Ant baits placed near the plants work well for this.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Adults are not effectively controlled with insecticides because the cottony egg sacs prevent the chemicals from contacting the females. Also, these pests feed on the underside of leaves making it difficult to reach them with sprayers.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Plant stems can be wrapped with double-sided tape which will catch this pest in its "crawly" stage. After about a week the tape's adhesive becomes ineffective and the tape must be changed. When the tape begins catching the crawlers, insecticidal sprays can be used, as the scale is in its larval stage. However, natural predators are more effective than pesticides, so check for them before spraying. Pesticides may do more harm than good by killing the predators.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ====Rose scale====
| |
| − | Mainly found on the stems and branches of the plant, lack of control will allow the pest to spread to flower stalks and petioles. At this point the plant would be stunted, spindly and with a white, flaky crust of scales on the bark. Female ''Aulacaspis rosae'' may live for 1 year and may lay 80 eggs each with several overlapping generations living within milliimetres of the original parent.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Rose scale can be controlled by spraying with a lime-sulfur solution (one part lime, nine parts sulfur). Application should be made in the winter or early spring.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Leaf cutting bee===
| |
| − | Leafcutter bees are 6-16mm long and mostly black with bands of light-colored hair. They chew pieces from the edges of leaves. The pieces are regular in shape, circular or oval. Damage is not often significant.
| |
| − | <br style="clear:both">
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 4 --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 5. Кратко расскажите как сделать цветочный ящик на подоконнике и как его засадить. --> |
| − | <!-- 5. Give instructions for making a window box and tell its use. --> | |
| − | [[Image:Window box.jpg|thumb|300px|Window box]]
| |
| − | A windowbox or window box is a container for growing plants usually positioned outside a window and supported in place by brackets on the wall below.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Window boxes are often used by apartment-dwellers on higher floors, who do not otherwise have access to a garden or place to grow flowers, and allow the plants to be readily seen by those inside the property as well as outside. A window box is usually only 6"-8" (15-20cm) deep so may not support tall plants. Access for planting and maintenance can be via the window from indoors.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Before building a window box, decide where you will mount it. It should be at least as wide as the window you will mount it by or it will tend to look smallish. A window box is most easily constructed using 1"x6" pine lumber. The box should be open on the top and can be held together with nails, screws, or for the more ambitious woodworker, with a box or dovetail joint. It can be fitted with molding and painted to match the house.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Once the box is put together, drill holes in the bottom to allow drainage. Line it with plastic sheeting to keep the moist soil off the wood (for the most part), and hold the plastic in place with construction staples. Trim the plastic, and cut holes in it where it lines up with the holes drilled in the bottom. Mount the window box on the house with brackets or screws. Fill with potting soil and plant your flowers.
| |
| − | <br style="clear:both">
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 5 --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 6. Приготовьте почву, высадите и вырастите до стадии цветения 3и вида однолетних растений. --> |
| − | <!-- 6. Prepare the soil, fertilize, plant, and grow to maturity three different kinds of annuals. --> | |
| − | ===Soil Preparation===
| |
| − | {{:AY Honors/Soil preparation}}
| |
| − | ===Fertilizing===
| |
| − | {{:AY Honors/Fertilizing}}
| |
| − | ===Planting===
| |
| − | {{:AY Honors/Planting}}
| |
| − | ===Growing to Maturity===
| |
| − | Water the plants after planting them, and keep them well watered afterwards. Watch for pests and take measures to control them as early as possible. You can keep the plants blooming for long periods by "dead-heading" them, that is, plucking off the blossoms as soon as they begin to wither. Dead-heading prevents the plant from producing seeds, so it will try again by making more blossoms.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 6 --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 7. Ухаживайте за 2мя или более видами многолетних цветов, растущих на улице в течение одного сезона(вносите удобрения, поливайте, делайте прополку и уничтожайте вредителей, если это нужно). Ведите письменные еженедельные записи, включающие в себя и перечисление того, что было сделано. --> |
| − | <!-- 7. Care for two or more perennial flowers growing outdoors for one season by fertilizing, watering, weeding, and treating for pests as needed. Maintain a written record with weekly entries, listing work done. --> | |
| − | You can apply the same techniques given above for annuals to care for perennials, but with perennials, there is more impetus to get it right. If you get it right, they will come back the following year. Indeed, if you already have a bed of perennials, there is no need to plant them at all. Just fertilize and water them, and make sure you keep the pests at bay. If the plant makes it through the fall in good health, chances are excellent that it will survive the winter and be healthy again in the spring.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Visit your perennials weekly, and for this requirement, jot down what you do. You can write it in a notebook, or even start a blog to record your activities.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 7 --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 8. Какие 3и вида химических элементов наиболее важны для цветения растений? --> |
| − | <!-- 8. Which three plant nutrients are most important to flowering plants? --> | |
| − | The three most important plant nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. NPK fertilizers are named for the chemical symbols of these elements: '''N''' for nitrogen, '''P''' for phosphorus, and '''K''' for potassium. Fertilizers are marked with the percentage of each of these nutrients. For example, a fertilizer may be marked as '''18-51-20''', which means it is 18% Nitrogen, 51% Phosphorus, and 20% Potassium. You may notice that these numbers do not add to 100% - the remainder is made up of "fillers". Fillers prevent the nutrients from clumping together and "burning" the plant.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 9. Назовите 3и цветущих растения, которые приспособлены к следующим условиям: --> |
| − | <!-- 9. Identify three flowering plants adapted to each of the following conditions: --> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9a}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9a}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | <gallery>
| |
| − | Image:Begonia Orange Sherbet 2.jpg|Begonia
| |
| − | Image:Wild Columbine 2.jpg|Columbine
| |
| − | Image:Helleborus foetidus2.jpg|Hellebore
| |
| − | Image:Hosta Abiqua Blue Crinkles 1.jpg|Hosta
| |
| − | Image:Chimaphila2.jpg|Pipsissewa
| |
| − | Image:Trailing arbutus 2006.jpg|Trailing arbutus
| |
| − | Image:Blue violet.jpg|Violet
| |
| − | Image:Gaultheria-procumbens-habit.JPG|Wintergreen
| |
| − | </gallery>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9a --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9a --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9b}} <!--T:31--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9b}} <!--T:31--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | * Dusty Miller
| |
| − | * Gazania
| |
| − | * Sweet Alyssum
| |
| − | * Globe amaranth
| |
| − | * Verbena
| |
| − | * Nasturtium
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9b --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9b --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9c}} <!--T:32--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9c}} <!--T:32--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | * Sunflower
| |
| − | * Sweet Alyssum
| |
| − | * Cosmos
| |
| − | * Dahlia
| |
| − | * Petunia
| |
| − | * Geranium
| |
| − | * Gazania
| |
| − | * Snapdragon
| |
| − | * Verbena
| |
| − | * Zinnia
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9c --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9c --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9d}} <!--T:33--> | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9d}} <!--T:33--> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | |
| − | * Dahlia
| |
| − | * Marigold
| |
| − | * Lobelia
| |
| − | * Cup flower
| |
| − | * Impatiens
| |
| − | * Pansy
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9d --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9d --> |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 10. Какая цель определения свойств почвогрунта? --> |
| − | <!-- 10. What is the purpose of a soil test? --> | |
| − | The purpose of a soil test is to determine the nutrient content of the soil. This will allow the gardener to select plants that will grow best in the existing soil conditions or to determine what nutrient supplements are required to amend the soil for the intended plants.
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> |
| | | | |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 11. Соберите коллекцию из картинок из 10ти однолетних, 5ти многолетних и 2х однолетних растений. Подпишите каждое растение и знайте его название на память. --> |
| − | <!-- 11. Make a picture collection of ten annuals, five perennials, and two biennials. Label and know the name of each from memory. --> | |
| − | ===Annuals===
| |
| − | <gallery>
| |
| − | Image:Close begonia.jpg|Begonia
| |
| − | Image:Glockenbluemchen-2004.jpg|Canterbury bells
| |
| − | Image:Orange Cosmos sulphureus.jpg|Cosmos
| |
| − | Image:Geranium sylvaticum2.jpg|Geranium
| |
| − | Image:Impatienswalleriana.jpg|Impatiens (Busy Lizzie)
| |
| − | Image:Flor GDFL 02.JPG|Marigold
| |
| − | Image:Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum.jpg|Nasturtium
| |
| − | Image:Boa noite.jpg|Periwinkle
| |
| − | Image:Petunia.jpg|Petunia
| |
| − | Image:Wiesensalbei 1.jpg|Salvia
| |
| − | Image:Antirrhinum majus b.JPG|Snapdragon
| |
| − | Image:Zinnia-06.06.21.jpg|Zinnia
| |
| − | </gallery>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Biennial===
| |
| − | <gallery>
| |
| − | Image:Oenothera biennis 20050825 922.jpg|Evening primroses
| |
| − | Image:Foxglove.jpg|Foxglove
| |
| − | Image:Alpine Forget-Me-Not in Grand Teton NP-NPS.jpg|Forget-me-not
| |
| − | Image:Alcea rosea habito.JPG|Hollyhock
| |
| − | Image:Viola tricolor 2006.jpg|Pansy
| |
| − | Image:Dianthus barbatus.jpg|Sweet William
| |
| − | Image:Verbena2.jpg|Verbena
| |
| − | </gallery>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | ===Perennials===
| |
| − | <gallery>
| |
| − | Image:Lobelia_cardinalis-02.jpg|Cardinal flower
| |
| − | Image:Clematis_`The_President`_a1.jpg|Clematis
| |
| − | Image:Yellow columbine close.jpg|Columbine
| |
| − | Image:Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva) v2.jpg|Daylily
| |
| − | Image:Foxglove.jpg|Foxglove
| |
| − | Image:Hellebore flowers.jpg|Hellebore
| |
| − | Image:Hosta Abiqua Blue Crinkles 1.jpg|Hosta
| |
| − | Image:Hortensienbluete.jpg|Hydrangea
| |
| − | Image:Lilla iris randers.jpg|Iris
| |
| − | Image:Lavendel 2.jpg|Lavender
| |
| − | Image:Peony.jpg|Peony
| |
| − | Image:Red rose.jpg|Rose
| |
| − | Image:Tulipa florenskyi 4.jpg|Tulip
| |
| − | </gallery>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> |
| | | | |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Список літератури== |
| − | ==References== | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | * http://mostlyorganicgarden.com/NPK_explanation.html
| |
| − | *Wikipedia articles:
| |
| − | ** [[w:Cold frame|Cold frame]]
| |
| − | ** [[w:Drainage|Drainage]]
| |
| − | ** [[w:Hotbed|Hotbed]]
| |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
| |
| | | | |
| | {{CloseHonorPage}} | | {{CloseHonorPage}} |
