Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Airplane Modeling/Answer Key"

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|honorname=Airplane Modeling
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<!-- 1. Build and successfully fly an airplane from a kit made of balsa wood and tissue paper, and rubber band or gas powered. -->
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|skill=1
 
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|year=1944
 
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|category=Arts and Crafts
 
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|authority=General Conference
 
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|reqpdf=Airplane_Modeling_Requirements.pdf
 
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== 1. Build and successfully fly an airplane from a kit made of balsa wood and tissue paper, and rubber band or gas powered. == <!--T:2-->
 
  
 
<!--T:3-->
 
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<!--T:6-->
 
<!--T:6-->
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F/F = Free flight   C/L = Control line R/C = Remote control
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;F/F: Free flight
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;C/L: Control line
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;R/C: Remote control
  
 
<!--T:7-->
 
<!--T:7-->
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BIY = Build it yourself ARF = Almost ready to fly RTF = Ready to Fly
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;BIY: Build it yourself
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;ARF: Almost ready to fly
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;RTF: Ready to Fly
  
 
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This model involves more skill and work with its built up (3D) fuselage. Still a fairly simple model, this kit will involve a larger time commitment, and a bit more skill. An experienced modeler to help instruct would be an asset for this kit.
 
This model involves more skill and work with its built up (3D) fuselage. Still a fairly simple model, this kit will involve a larger time commitment, and a bit more skill. An experienced modeler to help instruct would be an asset for this kit.
  
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== 2. Build a balsa wood glider from a kit and observe its flying characteristics as related to variable positions of the wings. == <!--T:28-->
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<!--T:111-->
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=== [http://www.sigmfg.com/ SIG Manufacturing] is a major supplier. ===
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<!-- 2. Build a balsa wood glider from a kit and observe its flying characteristics as related to variable positions of the wings. -->
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=== [http://www.sigmfg.com/ SIG Manufacturing] is a major supplier. === <!--T:112-->
  
 
<!--T:29-->
 
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[[Image:Glider Plan Page.jpg]]
 
[[Image:Glider Plan Page.jpg]]
  
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== 3. Make and successfully fly two different styles of paper airplanes using sheets of paper between eight (20.3 cm) and fourteen (35.6 cm) inches in width and length. == <!--T:85-->
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<!-- 3. Make and successfully fly two different styles of paper airplanes using sheets of paper between eight (20.3 cm) and fourteen (35.6 cm) inches in width and length. -->
  
 
<!--T:86-->
 
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<!--T:107-->
 
<!--T:107-->
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[http://www.funpaperairplanes.com Fun Paper Airplanes] Video's and downloads of paper airplanes
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[http://www.funpaperairplanes.com Fun Paper Airplanes] Videos and downloads of paper airplanes
  
 
<!--T:108-->
 
<!--T:108-->
 
[http://www.10paperairplanes.com 10 Paper Airplanes] Paper Airplane instructions on various airplanes
 
[http://www.10paperairplanes.com 10 Paper Airplanes] Paper Airplane instructions on various airplanes
  
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== 4. Define, locate, and explain the usage of the following basic items: == <!--T:88-->
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<!--T:115-->
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* Fuselage
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* Wing
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* Aileron
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* Rudder
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<!-- 4. Define, locate, and explain the usage of the following basic items: -->
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* Horizontal stabilizer
 
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* Strut
 
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* Cockpit
 
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* Engine
 
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* Landing Gear
 
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* Propeller
 
  
 
<!--T:90-->
 
<!--T:90-->
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;Fuselage: The elongated body or frame of an airplane, any kind of frame or body. The central body of an airplane that is designed to accommodate the crew and passengers (or cargo).  
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4a}}
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The elongated body or frame of an airplane, any kind of frame or body. The central body of an airplane that is designed to accommodate the crew and passengers (or cargo).  
  
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<!--T:91-->
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<!--T:117-->
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;Wing: Any surface used primarily for supporting an airplane inflight by forward motion.  
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4b}} <!--T:91-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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Any surface used primarily for supporting an airplane inflight by forward motion.  
  
−
<!--T:92-->
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<!--T:119-->
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;Aileron: Ailerons are movable control surfaces that are present on the trailing edge of both the right and left wings of a plane. Each surface moves in opposite directions enabling a plane to roll right or left. For a plane to roll to the left, the left wing aileron moves upwards while the aileron on the right wing moves downwards.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4c}} <!--T:92-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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Ailerons are movable control surfaces that are present on the trailing edge of both the right and left wings of a plane. Each surface moves in opposite directions enabling a plane to roll right or left. For a plane to roll to the left, the left wing aileron moves upwards while the aileron on the right wing moves downwards.
  
−
<!--T:93-->
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<!--T:121-->
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;Rudder: This is the term used to describe the part of the tail that moves back and forth. This movement causes the tail of a plane to move which then turns the plane.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4d}} <!--T:93-->
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This is the term used to describe the part of the tail that moves back and forth. This movement causes the tail of a plane to move which then turns the plane.
  
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<!--T:94-->
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<!--T:123-->
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;Horizontal stabilizer: The horizontal "mini wing" at the tail section of the airplane. The elevator is attached to the horizontal stabilizer with hinges.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4e}} <!--T:94-->
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<noinclude><translate><!--T:124-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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The horizontal "mini wing" at the tail section of the airplane. The elevator is attached to the horizontal stabilizer with hinges.
  
−
<!--T:95-->
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<!--T:125-->
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;Strut: A diagonal brace going from the fuselage to the bottom of the wing consisting of a bar or rod used to support the wing on the airplane.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4f}} <!--T:95-->
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<noinclude><translate><!--T:126-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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A diagonal brace going from the fuselage to the bottom of the wing consisting of a bar or rod used to support the wing on the airplane.
  
−
<!--T:96-->
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<!--T:127-->
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;Cockpit: Compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4g}} <!--T:96-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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Compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft.
  
−
<!--T:97-->
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<!--T:129-->
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;Engine: The source of power to turn the propeller or turbines and generate thrust. Can be an internal combustion engine, jet engine, or in the case of an airplane model a rubber band engine.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4h}} <!--T:97-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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The source of power to turn the propeller or turbines and generate thrust. Can be an internal combustion engine, jet engine, or in the case of an airplane model a rubber band engine.
  
−
<!--T:98-->
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<!--T:131-->
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;Landing gear: An undercarriage that supports the weight of the plane when it is on the ground.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4i}} <!--T:98-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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An undercarriage that supports the weight of the plane when it is on the ground.
  
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<!--T:99-->
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<!--T:133-->
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;Propeller: The mechanical device attached to the engine that rotates to push against air and create thrust.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4j}} <!--T:99-->
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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The mechanical device attached to the engine that rotates to push against air and create thrust.
  
−
<!--T:100-->
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<!--T:135-->
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;Dihedral: Dihedral is where the right and left wing tips are higher than the fuselage. More dihedral generally means that a plane will be more stable in the air, but will be more difficult to turn. Most planes require a bit of dihedral to fly well.
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</noinclude><!-- instance 2 -->
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Dihedral is where the right and left wing tips are higher than the fuselage. More dihedral generally means that a plane will be more stable in the air, but will be more difficult to turn. Most planes require a bit of dihedral to fly well.
  
−
<!--T:101-->
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<!--T:137-->
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;Elevator: Elevator is the term used to describe a plane's horizontal control surface on the tail. This surface enables a plane to pitch upwards or downwards. When an elevator surface moves upwards, the tail moves downwards (the nose of the plane then points up) and vice-versa. Without an elevator, it is hard to control the altitude of a plane as you can't control the rise and fall of the nose of the plane.  
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Elevator is the term used to describe a plane's horizontal control surface on the tail. This surface enables a plane to pitch upwards or downwards. When an elevator surface moves upwards, the tail moves downwards (the nose of the plane then points up) and vice-versa. Without an elevator, it is hard to control the altitude of a plane as you can't control the rise and fall of the nose of the plane.  
  
−
<!--T:102-->
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<!--T:139-->
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;Thrust: The mechanical force generated by the engine to move the airplane through the air.
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{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4m}} <!--T:102-->
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The mechanical force generated by the engine to move the airplane through the air.
  
−
<!--T:103-->
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<!--T:141-->
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;Vertical stabilizer: The vertical fin which is part of the tail assembly of the airplane. The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer with a hinge.
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The vertical fin which is part of the tail assembly of the airplane. The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer with a hinge.
  
−
<!--T:104-->
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<!--T:143-->
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; V-Tail: V-Tail aircraft are planes that have only 2 stabilization surfaces (in the shape of a V) instead of a conventional horizontal and vertical stabilizers. In a V-Tail aircraft, the 2 control surfaces of the V-Tail work together to give elevator and rudder responses.
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V-Tail aircraft are planes that have only 2 stabilization surfaces (in the shape of a V) instead of a conventional horizontal and vertical stabilizers. In a V-Tail aircraft, the 2 control surfaces of the V-Tail work together to give elevator and rudder responses.
  
 
=== Illustration of Model airplane parts. === <!--T:105-->
 
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== References == <!--T:146-->
 
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Latest revision as of 18:34, 13 July 2022

Other languages:
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Airplane Modeling

Skill Level

1

Year

1944

Version

25.11.2024

Approval authority

General Conference

Airplane Modeling AY Honor.png
Airplane Modeling
Arts, Crafts and Hobbies
Skill Level
123
Approval authority
General Conference
Year of Introduction
1944
See also
Artisan Master Award


1

Build and successfully fly an airplane from a kit made of balsa wood and tissue paper, and rubber band or gas powered.


Many kits are available for building that will meet this requirement.

SIG Manufacturing is a major supplier.

To help you navigate, SIG uses the following shorthand on their website.

F/F
Free flight
C/L
Control line
R/C
Remote control
BIY
Build it yourself
ARF
Almost ready to fly
RTF
Ready to Fly

Some possible models from SIG include:

AMA Cub

This model has been also called "Delta Dart" and has been sold by SIG for beginner modelers since 1968. Designed by Frank Ehling, these can be built by even younger modelers with little or no experience. Rubber band powered, the wing covering paper is pre-printed with markings to show where to glue the wood pieces. Kit includes everything you need except some glue. Likely the most cost effective model for club purposes as well.

Ask your local hobby shop if they stock this model, or order from SIG.

Thermal Dart

Basically a larger version of the AMA Cub.

As built by a Pathfinder.

Sig 01 450.jpg

SIG Parasol

Easy to build like a cub, this model looks a little more like a scale airplane.

SIG Cub

This model is more challenging to build than the AMA Cub, or Thermal Dart. The wing includes airfoil shape, and dihedral angle for stability. This model would be better suited for either older modelers or modelers with some experience already. A nice rubber band powered free flight model.

Guillow's is also a major supplier.

Some possible models from Guillow's include:

Cadet

A simple to build rubber band powered model.

Cloud Buster

Similar to the SIG Cub. This model has airfoil wing, and dihedral angle as well.

Fly Boy

This model involves more skill and work with its built up (3D) fuselage. Still a fairly simple model, this kit will involve a larger time commitment, and a bit more skill. An experienced modeler to help instruct would be an asset for this kit.


2

Build a balsa wood glider from a kit and observe its flying characteristics as related to variable positions of the wings.


SIG Manufacturing is a major supplier.

See the shorthand help above to navigate their site.

A possible glider model from SIG is:

Flip

This model is a nice free flight glider kit. It does not technically meet the needs of this requirement since the plans call for the wing to be in a fixed location. This does not allow the modeler to observe its flying characteristics as related to variable positions of the wings. With a bit of spare balsa and some simple modifications, this glider can be built with movable wings.

Flip with modified wing mount.

Flip 01 450.jpg

Guillow's is also a major supplier.

Almost all of their toy balsa gliders would qualify for this requirement since they all have the ability to adjust the wings forward or back. Some possible models include:

Eagle

Very basic balsa glider.

Jetfire

Similar to Eagle, with a wider wingspan and dihedral angle.

Do It Yourself "Penny Glider" plans.

Due to an ordering mix-up with our glider kit supplier, our club was forced to get creative to meet the glider requirement in this Airplane Modeling honor. The end result was that I designed a glider that could be made from stock pieces of balsa. The glider flew well for the students who made them, and the plans made for very cost effective kits. I found the most efficient way to use balsa sheets is to make 12 glider kits. I am publishing the plans here in the hope that other youth groups can make good use of them.

Penny Glider as built by a Pathfinder.

Penny 01 450.jpg

Stock pieces required.

One set of the following pieces will create twelve glider kits.

  • (3) 3" X 36" X 1/16" sheet
  • (4) 1/8" X 3/8" X 36"
  • (1) 1/8" X 1/8" X 36"

Other required supplies.

Wood glue / Hobby knifes

Ruler (Metal is best)

Water based sanding sealer - (I used Varathane Crystal Clear Waterborne thinned 50% with water)

150 grit sandpaper

Pencil / Hobby paint brushes

12 Pennies

Hot glue gun and glue

One copy of plan page printed for each student.

Glider Stock.jpg

Make the kits in advance

Cut the pieces from the stock to the sizes shown in the plan. Use a hobby knife and steel ruler.

Fuselage - Cut the ⅛” x ⅜” stock into 12” long sections to make 12 fuselages.

Wings - Cut 6 pieces 11” x 1½” from 2 of the 1/16” sheets to make 12 wings.

Wing Mounts - Cut ⅛” x ⅛” stock into 12 - 2½ ” sections.

Wing Mounts – Cut 24 - ¼” x 2½ ” parts for wing mounts from 1/16" sheet balsa.

Horizontal Stabilizer – Cut 12 - 3½” x 3/4” horizontal stabilizers from 1/16" sheet balsa.

Vertical Stabilizer - Cut 12 - 1½” x 1” vertical stabilizers from 1/16" sheet balsa.

(ensure grain runs the long direction on all 1/16" sheet balsa pieces)

Optionally cut the tapered notches in the fuselage for the horizontal stabilizer, or leave this step for the students depending on level of students ability with hobby knifes.

Glider kits.jpg

Each kit will contain one wing, one fuselage, one horizontal stabilizer, one vertical stabilizer, and the wing mounting pieces. One single kit is pictured below.

Glider kit.jpg

Have the students follow steps 1 through 8 to build the kits.

Instructions:

  1. Cut out all pieces.
  2. Seal and sand all pieces
  3. Assemble wing mount
  4. Glue wing to mount
  5. Mount stabilizers
  6. Use elastics to mount wing on fuselage
  7. Add penny to nose for weight, (use hot glue) and adjust wings front to back for best flight.
  8. Add cardstock ailerons, rudder, and elevators if wanted.

The following pictures are provided for reference.

Wing and wing mount:

Glider Wing Mount.jpg

Stabilizers glued to fuselage:

Glider Stabilizers.jpg

Wing mounting with elastic bands:

Glider Wing Elastics.jpg

Finished Glider:

Glider Done.jpg

Plan Page.

Glider Plan Page.jpg


3

Make and successfully fly two different styles of paper airplanes using sheets of paper between eight (20.3 cm) and fourteen (35.6 cm) inches in width and length.


Paper Plane with airfoil wings is a fun paper airplane to build. It requires more than simply folding a piece of paper up, and can be used to teach the concept of Bernoulli's Principle.

Boy Scout Paper Plane plans include many creative and fun paper airplane plans.

Fun Paper Airplanes Videos and downloads of paper airplanes

10 Paper Airplanes Paper Airplane instructions on various airplanes


4

Define, locate, and explain the usage of the following basic items:


4a

Fuselage

The elongated body or frame of an airplane, any kind of frame or body. The central body of an airplane that is designed to accommodate the crew and passengers (or cargo).


4b

Wing


Any surface used primarily for supporting an airplane inflight by forward motion.


4c

Aileron


Ailerons are movable control surfaces that are present on the trailing edge of both the right and left wings of a plane. Each surface moves in opposite directions enabling a plane to roll right or left. For a plane to roll to the left, the left wing aileron moves upwards while the aileron on the right wing moves downwards.


4d

Rudder


This is the term used to describe the part of the tail that moves back and forth. This movement causes the tail of a plane to move which then turns the plane.


4e

Horizontal stabilizer


The horizontal "mini wing" at the tail section of the airplane. The elevator is attached to the horizontal stabilizer with hinges.


4f

Strut


A diagonal brace going from the fuselage to the bottom of the wing consisting of a bar or rod used to support the wing on the airplane.


4g

Cockpit


Compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft.


4h

Engine


The source of power to turn the propeller or turbines and generate thrust. Can be an internal combustion engine, jet engine, or in the case of an airplane model a rubber band engine.


4i

Landing gear


An undercarriage that supports the weight of the plane when it is on the ground.


4j

Propeller


The mechanical device attached to the engine that rotates to push against air and create thrust.


4k

Dihedral


Dihedral is where the right and left wing tips are higher than the fuselage. More dihedral generally means that a plane will be more stable in the air, but will be more difficult to turn. Most planes require a bit of dihedral to fly well.


4l

Elevator


Elevator is the term used to describe a plane's horizontal control surface on the tail. This surface enables a plane to pitch upwards or downwards. When an elevator surface moves upwards, the tail moves downwards (the nose of the plane then points up) and vice-versa. Without an elevator, it is hard to control the altitude of a plane as you can't control the rise and fall of the nose of the plane.


4m

Thrust


The mechanical force generated by the engine to move the airplane through the air.


4n

Vertical stabilizer


The vertical fin which is part of the tail assembly of the airplane. The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer with a hinge.


4o

V-Tail


V-Tail aircraft are planes that have only 2 stabilization surfaces (in the shape of a V) instead of a conventional horizontal and vertical stabilizers. In a V-Tail aircraft, the 2 control surfaces of the V-Tail work together to give elevator and rudder responses.

Illustration of Model airplane parts.

Airplane parts.jpg




References

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