Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Goat Husbandry/Answer Key/es"

From Pathfinder Wiki
< AY Honors‎ | Goat HusbandryAY Honors/Goat Husbandry/Answer Key/es
(Created page with "Especialidades JA/Cría de cabras/Respuestas")
 
 
(53 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
<languages /><br />
+
{{HonorSubpage}}
−
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
−
{{honor_desc
 
−
|stage=100
 
−
|honorname=Goat Husbandry
 
−
|skill=2
 
−
|year=1986
 
−
|category=Outdoor Industries
 
−
|authority=General Conference
 
−
|insignia=Goat_Husbandry_Honor.png
 
−
}}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
 
<section begin="Body" />
 
<section begin="Body" />
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=1}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 1. Identify live or from pictures at least two breeds of goats. Tell if they are raised for milk, meat, or wool. -->
+
<!-- 1. Identificar vivos o a través de imágenes al menos dos razas de cabras. Mencionar si son criados para leche, carne o lana. -->
  
−
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/Saanen}}
+
{{:AY Honors/Goat Breeds/Saanen/es}}
  
−
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/Toggenburg}}
+
{{:AY Honors/Goat Breeds/Toggenburg/es}}
  
−
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/Nubian}}
+
{{:AY Honors/Goat Breeds/Nubian/es}}
  
−
{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Goat Breeds/British Alpine}}
+
{{:AY Honors/Goat Breeds/British Alpine/es}}
  
−
You may also visit http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/goats/ for pictures and information on different goat breeds.
+
{{clear}}
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 32: Line 19:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=2}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 2. What type of housing should be provided for goats? -->
+
<!-- 2. ¿Qué tipo de vivienda debe ser provista para las cabras? -->
−
Goats are very adaptable animals, so many types of housing will suit them.  A three-sided shed will work just fine in most cases, and the goats will seek it out when it rains or snows.  The only time they need better housing is when they are kidding, in which case they need a draft-free area.  Several goats can kid together in an indoor pen (in a barn or other building).  Up to ten does can share a 20 square foot pen (4'x5').
 
  
−
The floor should be dirt or stone - concrete is not recommended.  The floor should have 3-4 inches of bedding covering it (5"-6" if concrete).  Bedding can be straw, sawdust, wood chips, newspaper, or some other absorbent material.
+
{{clear}}
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 41: Line 27:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 3. What types of feed are used for the following:  -->
+
<!-- 3. ¿Qué tipo de pienso (alimentación) se utiliza para las siguientes situaciones? -->
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3a}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
Kids should drink their mother's milk within 20 minutes of birth.  At this stage it will contain colostrum which is not much good for people to drink.  Most goat keepers will allow a newborn kid to have all its mothers milk for the first couple of weeks until the colostrum is gone. 
 
  
−
They will also get milk from their mothers, and this should be available to them at all times.
+
{{clear}}
  
−
You can also make hay available to them right from the start.  They may not eat it at this stage, but it's a good idea to let them get used to it.
 
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 3a -->
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 3a -->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}} <!--T:12-->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3b}} <!--T:12-->
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
Some goat keepers will separate the kids from their mothers at night.  As long as all the kids are kept together, they will be happy, and the mothers seem to enjoy the break.  This will allow you to milk the mothers in the evening.
 
  
−
Kids should be fed grain, minerals, hay, and a yeast culture made for this purpose.  The yeast culture will help to establish the right kind of bacteria in the goat's rumen.  Kids need a mineral with copper in it (most minerals that say they are for sheep and goats will not contain copper - avoid this).
+
{{clear}}
  
−
You should also turn them out to pasture during the day to let them browse.
 
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 3b -->
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 3b -->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}} <!--T:14-->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3c}} <!--T:14-->
−
<noinclude></noinclude>
+
<noinclude></noinclude><noinclude></noinclude>
−
Feed pregnant does about a pound of grain each day.  They should also have hay twice a day in winter and once a day in summer. Allow them to browse in the pasture and give them minerals as well.
 
−
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 3c -->
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 3c -->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3d}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
A "freshened" doe is one that has just given birth and is just beginning to produce milk.  She should be given 2-3 pound of grain per day, as well as some hay twice per day.  She should also be given minerals, a yeast supplement, and be allowed to browse in the pasture.
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 74: Line 53:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3e}} <!--T:15-->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=3e}} <!--T:15-->
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
Yearlings should be given one cup of grain per day, hay twice per day in winter or once per day in summer.  They should also be given a mineral supplement, a yeast supplement, and be allowed to browse in the pasture.
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 81: Line 59:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=4}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 4. Name three poisonous plants to goats. -->
+
<!-- 4. Mencionar tres plantas venenosas para las cabras. -->
−
<gallery>
 
−
File:Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca Plant 2000px.jpg|Milkweed
 
−
File:Solanum nigrum leafs flowers fruits.jpg|Nightshade
 
−
File:Picswiss VS-61-35.jpg|Rhododendron
 
−
File:Zigadenus.jpeg|Death camas
 
−
File:Conium.jpg|Hemlock
 
−
File:20050515-007-laurus-nobilis.jpg|Laurel
 
−
File:Nerium_oleander_Ouarzazate_wild2.jpg|Oleander
 
−
</gallery>
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 96: Line 65:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=5}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 5. When are kids weaned? -->
+
<!-- 5. ¿Cuándo los pequeños son destetados? -->
−
Kids are weaned at 6 to 8 weeks of age.
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 103: Line 71:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=6}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 6. When must the buck kids be removed from the does, and why? -->
+
<!-- 6. ¿Cuándo las crías machos deben ser retirados de las hembras? -->
−
Separate young bucks from the does when they become two months old.  Bucks reach puberty between 7 weeks and 8 months, and if they are with the does when this happens, they will attempt to mate with them.  They need to be separated before puberty so this does not happen.
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 110: Line 77:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=7}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 7. How are goat's hoofs trimmed? -->
+
<!-- 7. ¿Cómo se deben arreglar las pezuñas de las cabras? -->
−
See http://www.boergoatshome.com/hooves.php for a very good tutorial on trimming goat hooves.
 
  
−
Goat hooves are trimmed with a specialized tool designed for the job and called (unsurprisingly) ''hoof shears''.  The first step is to clean the hoof thoroughly.  When the hooves are clean enough, you should be able to see growth lines in them.  The hooves should be trimmed parallel to these lines.  The hoof should be trimmed short enough so that the front slopes straight down without curling at the tip.  Once they are trimmed, you should use a surform to shape and smooth it.  A surform is a carpenters tool that looks like a cross between a handplane and a cheese grater.
+
{{clear}}
  
−
If you have large rocks in your pasture, you will need to trim their hooves less frequently.  The goats will climb on the rocks and wear their hooves down naturally.
+
{{clear}}
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 121: Line 87:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 8. Why are goats good for clearing brush land? -->
+
<!-- 8. ¿Por qué son buenas las cabras para limpiar la tierra de la maleza (pasto seco)? -->
−
Goats are reputed to be willing to eat almost anything. The digestive systems of a goat allow nearly any organic substance to be broken down and used as nutrients.  Contrary to this reputation, they are quite fastidious in their habits, preferring to browse on the tips of woody shrubs and trees, as well as the occasional broad leaved plant. However, it can fairly be said that goats will eat almost anything in the botanical world. Their plant diet is extremely varied and includes some species which are toxic or detrimental to cattle and sheep. This makes them valuable for controlling weeds and clearing brush and undergrowth.
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 128: Line 93:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 9. Name at least six items that are made from goat skins. -->
+
<!-- 9. Mencionar por lo menos seis artículos que son elaborados a partir de pieles de cabra. -->
−
# Gloves
 
−
# Drumheads
 
−
# Rugs
 
−
# Boots
 
−
# Wineskin (Bible times in particular)
 
−
# Lampshades
 
−
# Coats
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 141: Line 99:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 10. What are wattles? -->
+
<!-- 10. ¿Qué son las papadas en las cabras? -->
−
A wattle is a fleshy dewlap hanging from a goat's neck.
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 148: Line 105:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 11. Raise at least two goats for six months. -->
+
<!-- 11. Criar al menos dos cabras durante seis meses. -->
−
Have fun!
 
  
−
You can usually find information on goat care on the computer or at your library.
+
{{clear}}
  
−
Goats are herd animals, so you should get more than one.  If you have only one goat, it will not be happy and will continually cry for your attention.  If you are a novice, you absolutely do not want a buck.  If you only want one doe, the second animal should be a wether (castrated male).  A wether should cost less than half what a doe costs, and will be more friendly than either a buck or a doe.  You could also get a second doe instead of a wether if you think you can keep up with milking them.
+
{{clear}}
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 159: Line 115:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 12. If milk goats are raised, answer the following questions: -->
+
<!-- 12. Si se crían cabras lecheras, responder las siguientes preguntas: -->
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12a}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
A milking goat needs to have a good udder.  It should be held tightly against her body and not sag.  If she has not yet developed an udder, check her mother, and make sure her father produces goats with good udders.  The teats should be well formed. 
 
  
−
Get a gentle doe, as an aggressive one will be difficult to milk.  She should not run away from you when you approach her, and she should allow you to touch her.  If she does not allow you to touch her, don't buy her.  Once she becomes skittish of people, it is nearly impossible to "tame" her again.
+
{{clear}}
  
−
Choose goats that have good "conformation" - meaning they have all the right proportions for their breed.  Also make sure the goat you choose is healthy and strong. 
+
{{clear}}
  
−
Does should look feminine rather than masculine.  In general, a more feminine-looking goat will produce more milk than a masculine one will.
+
{{clear}}
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 12a -->
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 12a -->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}} <!--T:32-->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=12b}} <!--T:32-->
−
<noinclude></noinclude>
+
<noinclude></noinclude>  
−
Pasteurization is the process of heating liquids for the purpose of destroying viruses and harmful organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, molds, and yeasts.
 
  
−
Unlike sterilization, pasteurization is not intended to kill all micro-organisms in the food or liquid. Instead, pasteurization aims to achieve a "logarithmic reduction" in the number of viable organisms, reducing their number so they are unlikely to cause disease (assuming the pasteurized product is refrigerated and consumed before its expiration date). Commercial-scale sterilization of food is not common, because it adversely affects the taste and quality of the product.
+
{{clear}}
  
−
Pasteurization typically uses temperatures below boiling since at temperatures above the boiling point for milk, casein micelles will irreversibly aggregate (or "curdle"). There are two main types of pasteurization used today: High Temperature/Short Time (HTST) and Extended Shelf Life (ESL) treatment.  In the HTST process, milk is forced between metal plates or through pipes heated on the outside by hot water, and is heated to 71.7 °C (161 °F) for 15-20 seconds. ESL milk has a microbial filtration step and lower temperatures than HTST. Milk simply labeled "pasteurized" is usually treated with the HTST method.
+
{{clear}}
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 186: Line 140:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=13}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=13}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<!-- 13. If milk goats are raised, do the following: -->
+
<!-- 13. Si se crían cabras lecheras, hacer lo siguiente: -->
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=13a}}
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=13a}}
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
Before you do any milking, you will need to sterilize your equipment.  Failure to do so will yield foul-tasting or contaminated milk, and neither of these is desirable.  Sterilization can be accomplished by soaking the equipment in bleach water (¼ cup bleach for every two gallons or water, or 1 part bleach to every 128 parts water) for a minimum of two minutes.  Then drain out the bleach water and allow the water and bleach to evaporate for at least 15 minutes.
 
  
−
Before you begin milking, you should clean the doe's udder.  Again, you can use bleach water for this.  Wash the area thoroughly, as this will help you prevent the spread of mastitis (an udder infection).  Dry her off with a disposable paper towel.  Use a seamless, stainless steel pail to catch the milk.  Make sure you use a seamless pail, because the seams are nearly impossible to get clean.  Some people like to use a goat-hobble to keep the doe from stepping into the pail during milking (if this happens, everything in the pail is ruined, and you will have to re-sterilize the pail before you can reuse it).
+
{{clear}}
  
−
Now for the milking part.  Do not pull on the goat's teats, as this can injure her.  Instead, grip the teat (not the udder!) and squeeze your index finger closed, followed by the middle finger, ring finger, and pinky.  This will progressively constrict the teat and force the milk out the orifice.  It may take a while to get the hang of this, but be patient and persistent.  Your goat will be able to read your frustration level, so patience is important.  Once you get the hang of it, the milking motion will become second nature.
+
{{clear}}
  
−
Express three to four squirts into the pail and then check for abnormalities (such as blood clots).  Then continue milking until she milks out.  When finished, cover the pail.  Then pour a solution of bleach water (2 Tbsp bleach, 1 quart water) into a small paper cup and dip the doe's teats in this solution. 
+
{{clear}}
  
−
At this point you should weigh the milk and record your reading.  Then transfer the milk to a milk tote (also seamless and stainless steel), and move on to the next goat, or get the milk into a refrigerator or into a pasteurizer.
+
{{clear}}
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 204: Line 157:
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=13b}} <!--T:40-->
 
{{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=13b}} <!--T:40-->
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
You can create a chart such as this, filling in the amount of milk each doe produces on each day.  Standard practice is to record the milk's weight rather than its volume.  Record the doe's name (or some other identifier) at the top of the columns between the "Date" and "Notes" fields.  Record general health information or any unusual observations in the Notes column.  You can also use a spreadsheet to track this information.
 
  
−
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=1 width=90% align="center"
+
{{clear}}
−
|-
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|'''Date'''
 
−
|width="15%"|
 
−
|width="15%"|
 
−
|width="15%"|
 
−
|width="40%"|'''Notes'''
 
−
|-
 
−
|Sun
 
−
|width=10%|
 
−
|| || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|Mon || || || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|Tue || || || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|Wed || || || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|Thu || || || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|Fri || || || || ||
 
−
|-
 
−
|Sat || || || || ||
 
−
|}
 
  
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
Line 236: Line 164:
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 13 -->
 
{{CloseReq}} <!-- 13 -->
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
==References==
+
==Referencias==
−
* http://www.sheepandgoat.com/articles/goathouse.htm
+
* Wikipedia: [[esw:Pasteurización|Pasteurización]]
−
* http://fiascofarm.com/goats/milking.htm
 
−
* Wikipedia article on [[w:Pasteurization|Pasteurization]]
 
−
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
 
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
 
<noinclude></noinclude>
−
<section end="Body" />
+
{{CloseHonorPage}}

Latest revision as of 22:33, 14 July 2022

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎français
Cría de cabras

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

1986

Version

25.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

Goat Husbandry AY Honor.png
Cría de cabras
Actividades agropecuarias
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
Año de introducción
1986
Vea también
Maestría de Agricultura


1

Identificar vivos o a través de imágenes al menos dos razas de cabras. Mencionar si son criados para leche, carne o lana.




Saanen goats in trailer 2003.JPG

Saanen

Las cabras Saanen son una raza blanca de cabra que es la más grande de las razas lecheras. Por lo general, la hembra pesa 68 kg o más, y el macho pesa más de 91 kg. La raza Saanen también produce la mayor cantidad de leche (como raza, habrá individuos buenos y pobres en cualquier raza) y tiende a tener un menor contenido de grasa láctea, alrededor de 2.5% -3%. El temperamento de Saanen es, por regla general, tranquilo y afable; los criadores han sido conocidos por referirse a ellos como malvaviscos vivos. Las cabras Saanen son más fáciles de manejar para los niños y son populares en las clases de espectáculo debido a su naturaleza tranquila. Con pelaje blanco sólido y piel rosada, estas cabras templadas extremadamente suaves son ordeñadoras pesadas. Se originaron en Suiza.



Toggenburger.jpg

Toggenburg

El Toggenburg lleva el nombre de la región de Suiza donde se originó la raza, el valle de Toggenburg. Los Toggenburg son de tamaño mediano, moderados en producción y tienen un contenido de grasa relativamente bajo (2-3%) en su leche. El color es sólido y varía de color café claro a chocolate oscuro sin preferencia por ningún tono. Distintas marcas blancas son las siguientes: orejas blancas con una mancha oscura en el centro; dos franjas blancas en la cara desde arriba de cada ojo hasta el hocico; patas traseras blancas desde los corvejones hasta los cascos; patas delanteras blancas desde las rodillas hacia abajo con una línea oscura (banda) debajo de la rodilla aceptable; un triángulo blanco a cada lado de la cola. En esta raza suelen estar presentes papos, pequeñas protuberancias rudimentarias de la piel ubicadas a cada lado del cuello. El Toggenburg pasó por un programa de desarrollo cuando se introdujo en Gran Bretaña: el Toggenburg británico resultante era más pesado y tenía una mejor calidad de leche. A mediados del año 2002, 4146 Toggenburgs habían sido registrados en la Asociación de Criadores de Cabras Lecheras de Nueva Zelanda, lo que representa el 8.10% de las cabras lecheras registradas. Funcionan mejor en condiciones más frías. Son la raza láctea más antigua conocida de cabras.



Nubische geiten.jpg

Nubia

El Anglo-Nubia, o simplemente Nubia en los Estados Unidos, es una raza de cabra doméstica desarrollada en Gran Bretaña de ordeño nativo y cabras de Medio Oriente y el Norte de África. Sus características distintivas incluyen orejas grandes y colgantes. Debido a su herencia del Medio Oriente, las anglo-nubias pueden vivir en climas muy cálidos y tener una temporada de cría más larga que otras cabras lecheras. Considerada una raza lechera o de doble propósito, las anglo-nubias son conocidas por el alto contenido de grasa de la leche, aunque en promedio, la raza produce menos volumen de leche que otras razas lecheras. Las anglo-nubias son grandes, y pesan alrededor de 64 kg. La altura promedio de la raza, medida a la cruz, es de 81 cm para las hembras y de 94 cm para los machos. Al igual que la mayoría de las cabras lecheras, normalmente se mantienen sin cuernos mediante el desbrote dentro de aproximadamente dos semanas después del nacimiento.



Thueringerwaldziege.jpg

Alpina británica

La alpina es una raza grande de cabra lechera que puede tener una variedad de colores de pelaje. Las alpinas británicas son negras con marcas blancas. Son las más adecuadas para climas templados y no les va bien en ambientes húmedos. Las alpinas tienen orejas erguidas, y los colores de múltiples capas son aceptables. Las alpinas son excelentes ordeñadores y pueden producir leche durante un período prolongado de tiempo. La alpina es la segunda más registrada de las razas lecheras. El contenido promedio de grasa en la leche para las alpinas fue del 3.5 por ciento en 2003 y la producción promedio de leche por hembra fue de 2.083 libras, de acuerdo con las estadísticas nacionales de Mejora del Hato Lechero.



2

¿Qué tipo de vivienda debe ser provista para las cabras?



3

¿Qué tipo de pienso (alimentación) se utiliza para las siguientes situaciones?


3a

Primer mes



3b

Segundo mes



3c

Embarazo


3d

Joven hembra



3e

Un año




4

Mencionar tres plantas venenosas para las cabras.



5

¿Cuándo los pequeños son destetados?



6

¿Cuándo las crías machos deben ser retirados de las hembras?



7

¿Cómo se deben arreglar las pezuñas de las cabras?



8

¿Por qué son buenas las cabras para limpiar la tierra de la maleza (pasto seco)?



9

Mencionar por lo menos seis artículos que son elaborados a partir de pieles de cabra.



10

¿Qué son las papadas en las cabras?



11

Criar al menos dos cabras durante seis meses.



12

Si se crían cabras lecheras, responder las siguientes preguntas:


12a

¿Cuáles son los puntos a considerar al elegir una buena cabra lechera?



12b

¿Cómo se realiza la pasteurización? ¿Cuál es su propósito?




13

Si se crían cabras lecheras, hacer lo siguiente:


13a

Ordeñar por la mañana o por la noche dos cabras, o mañana y tarde una cabra, por lo menos tres meses.



13b

Mantener al día los registros de producción de leche.





Referencias

Retrieved from "https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Goat_Husbandry/Answer_Key/es&oldid=572187"