|
|
| (139 intermediate revisions by 45 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{Lead too short|date=October 2009}}
| + | <noinclude><translate><!--T:1--> |
| − | {{No footnotes|date=April 2009}}
| + | </noinclude> |
| − | | + | {{species id |
| − | {{Taxobox | + | |common_name=Lemon Shark |
| − | | name = Lemon shark | + | |latin_name=Negaprion brevirostris |
| − | | status = LR/nt | status_system = IUCN2.3 | + | |image=Lemonshark (2).jpg |
| − | | trend = unknown
| + | |description= |
| − | | image =Lemonshark_(2).jpg | + | The lemon shark commonly attains a length of 2.4 to 3.1 meters and a weight of up to 90kg at adulthood. The maximum recorded length and weight is 3.43m and 183.7kg. This stocky, powerful shark is named for the 'citrus glands' located between its two dorsal fins. This gland allows the shark to exude a lemon-esque scent in order to attract its prey. The lemon shark has pale yellow-brown to grey skin, which lacks any distinctive markings. This provides perfect camouflage when swimming over the sandy seafloor in its coastal habitat. It has a flattened head with a short, broad snout, and the second dorsal fin is almost as large as the first. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMN1HcdU9Zg Good video on Lemon and Tiger Sharks] |
| − | | image_width = 240px | + | |range= |
| − | | regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| + | The lemon shark is found mainly along the subtropical and tropical parts of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North and South America, and around Pacific islands. They inhabit mostly tropical waters, stay at moderate depths, and are often accompanied by remoras. |
| − | | phylum = [[Chordata]]
| |
| − | | classis = [[Chondrichthyes]]
| |
| − | | subclassis = [[Elasmobranchii]]
| |
| − | | ordo = [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| |
| − | | familia = [[Carcharhinidae]]
| |
| − | | genus = ''[[Negaprion]]''
| |
| − | | species hello = '''''N. brevirostris'''''
| |
| − | | binomial = ''Negaprion brevirostris''
| |
| − | | binomial_authority = ([[Felipe Poey|Poey]], 1868)
| |
| − | | range_map = Negaprion brevirostris distmap.png | |
| − | | range_map_width = 240 px
| |
| − | | range_map_caption = Range of the lemon shark
| |
| − | | synonyms = ''Carcharias fronto'' <small>Jordan & Gilbert, 1882</small><br />
| |
| − | ''Hypoprion brevirostris'' <small>Poey, 1868</small>
| |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | {{Portal|Sharks}}
| + | <noinclude></translate></noinclude> |
| − | The '''lemon shark''', ''Negaprion brevirostris'', is a [[shark]] that belongs to the family [[Carcharhinidae]] that can grow {{convert|10|ft|m}} long.<ref>[http://www.sharksurvivor.com/sharks/lemonshark.htm Lemon Shark] - SharkSurvivor.com</ref>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Distribution and habitat==
| |
| − | The lemon shark is found mainly along the [[subtropical]] and [[tropical]] parts of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coasts of [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], and around [[Pacific Islands]]. The longest lemon shark recorded was 13 ft long, but they are usually 8 to {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}}. They like tropical water, and like to stay at moderate depths. Lemon sharks are often accompanied by [[remora]]s.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Reproduction==
| |
| − | Lemon sharks are [[viviparous]], females giving birth to between 4 and 17 young every other year in warm and shallow lagoons. The young have to fend for themselves and remain in shallow water near [[mangrove]]s until they grow larger. With increasing size, the sharks venture further away from their birth place. At maturity at a size of 1.5 to 2 m and an age of 12 to 15 years, they leave shallow water and move into deeper waters offshore. However, little is known of this life stage. Maximum recorded length and weight is 340 cm and 183 kg.<ref>[http://fishbase.sinica.edu.tw/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=897 Negaprion brevirostris, Lemon shark] - FishBase</ref>
| |
| − | | |
| − | Recent work in [[genetics]] by Kevin Feldheim and Samuel 'Doc' Gruber may suggest that adult sharks move over hundreds of km to mate, or populations far apart may have been separated in recent time. Further research in this area would be of immense importance for the understanding of the lemon shark's breeding behaviour and ecology.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Importance to humans==
| |
| − | Lemon sharks are a popular choice for study by scientists as they survive well in captivity, unlike many other species such as the [[great white]], which die in captivity because of food refusal. The species is the best known of all sharks in terms of behaviour and [[ecology]], mainly thanks to the enormous effort of [[Samuel H. Gruber|Samuel Gruber]] at the [[University of Miami]] who has been studying the lemon shark both in the field and in the laboratory since 1967. The population around the [[Bimini Islands]] in the western [[Bahamas]], where Gruber's field station, Bimini Biological Field Station, is situated, is probably the best known of all shark populations. As of 2007, it is experiencing a severe population decline and may disappear altogether due to destruction of the mangroves for construction of a golf [[resort]]. There have been 22 known lemon shark attacks since 1580 with no deaths.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Electroreceptors==
| |
| − | All sharks have electroreceptors concentrated in their heads called the [[Ampullae of Lorenzini]]. These receptors detect electrical pulses emitted by potential prey. Lemon sharks are bottom dwellers but have very poor eyesight and cannot see well to find their food. However, they are equipped with extremely sensitive and accurate magnetic sensors in the nose.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==See also==
| |
| − | * [[List of sharks]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==References==
| |
| − | <references /> | |
| − | * {{IUCN2006|assessors=Gruber & Sundström|year=2000|id=39380|title=Negaprion brevirostris|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is near threatened
| |
| − | * {{ITIS |id=160433 |taxon=Negaprion brevirostris |accessdate=23 January 2006}}
| |
| − | * {{FishBase_species|genus=Negaprion|species=brevirostris|year=2005|month=March}}
| |
| − | * ''Washington Post'', 2005, Aug. 22nd: "Scientists Fear Oceans on the Cusp Of a Wave of Marine Extinctions"
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==External links==
| |
| − | {{Wikispecies|Negaprion brevirostris}}
| |
| − | {{commons|Negaprion brevirostris|Lemon shark}}
| |
| − | * [http://www.sharkdiving.us/lemonshark.html Lemon shark facts and pictures]
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{Selachimorpha|Ca.}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Lemon Shark}}
| |
| − | [[Category:Viviparous fish]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Carcharhinidae]]
| |
| − | {{Link GA|de}}
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[ca:Tauró llimona]]
| |
| − | [[cs:Žralok citronový]]
| |
| − | [[de:Zitronenhai]]
| |
| − | [[fr:Requin citron]]
| |
| − | [[ko:레몬상어]]
| |
| − | [[it:Negaprion brevirostris]]
| |
| − | [[hu:Citromcápa]]
| |
| − | [[nl:Citroenhaai]]
| |
| − | [[ja:ニシレモンザメ]]
| |
| − | [[no:Sitronhai]]
| |
| − | [[pt:Tubarão-limão]]
| |
| − | [[ru:Лимонная акула]]
| |
| − | [[sk:Žralok citrónový]]
| |
| − | [[fi:Sitruunahai]]
| |
| − | [[sv:Citronhaj]]
| |
| − | [[tr:Limon köpek balığı]]
| |
.jpg)
