Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Answer Key/es"

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<!-- 1. Have the Nutrition Honor. -->
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|honorname=Nutrición - Avanzado
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|year=1986
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<!-- 2. Read a book about Nutrition. -->
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|category=Artes Domésticas
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Suggested books include:
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|authority=Asociación General
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* '''Foods for Thought: Nutrition's Link to Mood, Memory, Learning and Behavior''' ''Bernell Baldwin, Vicki Griffin, Evelyn Kissinger'', Review and Herald, 152 pages.
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|insignia=Nutrition_Advanced.png
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* '''An Ounce of Prevention: Your Pathway to Abundant Health''', Review and Herald, 64 pages.
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}}
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* '''Counsels on Diet and Foods''' ''Ellen G. White'', Review and Herald, 512 pages.
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* '''Dynamic Living''' ''Hans Diehl, Dr.H.Sc., Aileen Ludington, M.D.'', Review and Herald, 208 pages.
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* '''Foods that Heal''' ''George D. Pamplona-Roger, M.D.'', Review and Herald, 94 pages.
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</div>
  
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==1. Tener la especialidad de Nutrición.==
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</noinclude>
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<!-- 3. Keep a food diary on yourself for one week. -->
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This can be done with pencil and paper or with an online tool such as the one provided by the USDA at [http://choosemyplate.gov ChooseMyPlate.gov].
 +
</div>
  
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==2. Leer un libro sobre la nutrición.==
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La especialidad de [[AY Honors/Digestión/es|Digestión]] requiere un diario de alimentos de dos semanas con un análisis y cumplimiento de la especialidad [[AY Honors/Nutrition/es|Nutritión]]. También cubre muchos temas iguales. ¿Por qué no desarrollar juntas esta especialidad y la de [[AY Honors/Digestión/es|Digestión]]?
  
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==3. Mantener un diario de lo que comes durante una semana.==
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<!-- 4. Calculate the total nutrients of the following in your diet each day: -->
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*'''a. Calories'''
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*'''b. Protein'''
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*'''c. Iron'''
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*'''d. Calcium'''
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*'''e. Vitamin A'''
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*'''f. Thiamine'''
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*'''g. Riboflavin'''
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*'''h. Niacin'''
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*'''i. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid'''
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==4. Calcular la cantidad total de nutrientes de los siguientes elementos en la dieta de cada día:==
 
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===a. Calorías===
 
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===b. Proteínas===
 
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===c. Hierro===
 
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===d. Calcio===
 
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===e. Vitamina A===
 
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===f. Tiamina===
 
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===g. Riboflavina===
 
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===h. Niacina===
 
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===i. Vitamina C o ácido ascórbico===
 
  
 
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If your Pathfinders do not have access to the Internet, have them record their diets on paper.  You can then use the website to extract the necessary data by entering each food individually, or you can find a cookbook that has nutrient values of various foods in an appendix.  Another option would be to meet in a place that has public Internet access, such as a library or Internet cafe.  Then your Pathfinders can enter the data they have collected for a week and analyze it there.
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==5. How do the number of nutrients in your diet compare with the Recommended Daily Allowance chart?==
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<!-- 5. How do the number of nutrients in your diet compare with the Recommended Daily Allowance chart? -->
 
The USDA's [http://choosemyplate.gov ChooseMyPlate.gov] web site will compare your nutrient intake with the RDA chart.
 
The USDA's [http://choosemyplate.gov ChooseMyPlate.gov] web site will compare your nutrient intake with the RDA chart.
 +
</div>
  
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==6. Explain why a high fiber diet is important, and tell how this can be obtained.==
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<!-- 6. Explain why a high fiber diet is important, and tell how this can be obtained. -->
 
Fiber promotes the wavelike contractions that keep food moving through the intestine. Also, high-fiber foods expand the inside walls of the colon. This eases the passage of waste. Fibrous substances pass through the intestine undigested. They also absorb many times their weight in water, resulting in softer, bulkier stools. Insoluble fiber is found in wheat, rye, bran, and other grains. It is also the fiber found in most vegetables. See [http://www.gicare.com/pated/edtgs01.htm]
 
Fiber promotes the wavelike contractions that keep food moving through the intestine. Also, high-fiber foods expand the inside walls of the colon. This eases the passage of waste. Fibrous substances pass through the intestine undigested. They also absorb many times their weight in water, resulting in softer, bulkier stools. Insoluble fiber is found in wheat, rye, bran, and other grains. It is also the fiber found in most vegetables. See [http://www.gicare.com/pated/edtgs01.htm]
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==7. Name three diseases due to malnutrition, and describe the symptoms of each.==
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<!-- 7. Name three diseases due to malnutrition, and describe the symptoms of each. -->
 
===Scurvy===
 
===Scurvy===
 
Scurvy is a disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C and leads to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. Scurvy was at one time common among sailors whose ships were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods.
 
Scurvy is a disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C and leads to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. Scurvy was at one time common among sailors whose ships were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods.
 +
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===Beriberi===
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Beriberi is a nervous system ailment caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), the symptoms of which may include weight loss, emotional disturbances, impaired sensory perception, weakness and pain in the limbs, and periods of irregular heartbeat. Swelling of bodily tissues  is common. In advanced cases, the disease may cause heart failure and death. The origin of the word is from the Sinhalese (Sri Lankan) language meaning "I cannot, I cannot".
 
  
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Beriberi occurs in people whose staple diet consists mainly of polished white rice, which contains little or no thiamine. Therefore the disease has been seen traditionally in people in Asian countries (especially in the nineteenth century and before) and in chronic alcoholics with impaired liver function. If a baby is fed the milk of a mother who suffers from a deficiency in thiamine, the child may develop beriberi.
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===Rickets===
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Rickets is a disorder which most commonly relates directly to Vitamin D deficiency, which causes a lack of calcium being absorbed. It can also arise, however, from other causes such as certain types of rare tumors or any phosphate-wasting disease. Because calcium is an essential nutrient which aids bone rigidity, the lack of it being absorbed into the body causes fragile or malformed bones, which are unable to support the weight of a growing body.  Rickets causes bone pain, slowed growth in children, dental problems, muscle loss and increased risk of fractures (easily broken bones).
 
  
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===Pellagra===
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Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by dietary lack of niacin and protein, especially the essential amino acid tryptophan.  Symptoms of pellagra are red skin lesions, diarrhea, dermatitis, weakness, mental confusion, and eventually dementia. This disease can be common for persons who obtain most of their food energy from corn, as corn is a poor source of tryptophan. Therefore this disease can be common amongst people who live in rural South America where — during winter — they live on corn. Usually the symptoms show during spring, and disappear over summer, to return the next spring, after another long winter.
 
  
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==8. What are the symptoms of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency?==
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<!-- 8. What are the symptoms of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency? -->
 
Early, noticeable symptoms of Overt B<sub>12</sub> Deficiency: Unusual fatigue, faulty digestion, no appetite, nausea, loss of menstruation. Also numbness and tingling of the hands and feet, nervousness, diarrhea, mild depression,etc. See [http://www.veganhealth.org/b12/sympt]
 
Early, noticeable symptoms of Overt B<sub>12</sub> Deficiency: Unusual fatigue, faulty digestion, no appetite, nausea, loss of menstruation. Also numbness and tingling of the hands and feet, nervousness, diarrhea, mild depression,etc. See [http://www.veganhealth.org/b12/sympt]
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==9. What advice would you give a person who decided to be a total vegetarian?==
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<!-- 9. What advice would you give a person who decided to be a total vegetarian? -->
 
http://philipngcc.homestead.com/
 
http://philipngcc.homestead.com/
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http://www.dietobio.com/dossiers/en/vegetarism/index.html
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http://www.giveusahome.co.uk/articles/vegetarianism.htm
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Because Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> cannot be obtained through plant sources, total vegetarians (vegans) are advised to eat foods with B<sub>12</sub> added (such as fortified soy milk, fortified margarines, or many commercial breakfast cereals), certain brands of nutritional yeast, or take dietary supplements (a good multivitamin will likely include B<sub>12</sub> in sufficient quantities).
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==10. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Which is the most healthful, and why?==
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<!-- 10. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Which is the most healthful, and why? -->
 
Saturated fats and trans fatty acids are the kinds of fats most likely to cause heart disease. Saturated fats are found mainly in animal products (eggs, butter, cheese, whole milk, and whole milk products), and in coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil. Trans fatty acids appear in foods containing hydrogenated fats like margarine and crackers. To reduce the risk of heart disease, replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats like canola oil, olive oil, flax seed oil, nuts, avocado, soy products, and nut butters. Choose margarine, cookies, crackers, and snack foods that do not contain hydro-genated fats (read the label). See [http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/heart.htm]
 
Saturated fats and trans fatty acids are the kinds of fats most likely to cause heart disease. Saturated fats are found mainly in animal products (eggs, butter, cheese, whole milk, and whole milk products), and in coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil. Trans fatty acids appear in foods containing hydrogenated fats like margarine and crackers. To reduce the risk of heart disease, replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats like canola oil, olive oil, flax seed oil, nuts, avocado, soy products, and nut butters. Choose margarine, cookies, crackers, and snack foods that do not contain hydro-genated fats (read the label). See [http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/heart.htm]
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==11. Why is it advisable to use less sugar in the diet? List several ways in which this may be accomplished.==
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There are a several reasons why sugar is ruining your health: Sugar can suppress the immune system;  Sugar leads to cancer of the ovaries; Sugar can cause heart disease; Sugar can cause appendicitis; Sugar can cause multiple sclerosis; Sugar can increase cholesterol; Sugar can increase the systolic blood pressure; Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children; Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease; Sugar can lead to prostrate cancer; Sugar can cause liver tumors; etc. [http://www.rheumatic.org/sugar.htm]  
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<!-- 11. Why is it advisable to use less sugar in the diet? List several ways in which this may be accomplished. -->
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There are a several reasons why sugar is ruining your health: Sugar can suppress the immune system;  Sugar leads to cancer of the ovaries; Sugar can cause heart disease; Sugar can cause appendicitis; Sugar can cause multiple sclerosis; Sugar can increase cholesterol; Sugar can increase the systolic blood pressure; Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children; Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease; Sugar can lead to prostrate cancer; Sugar can cause liver tumors; etc. [http://www.rheumatic.org/sugar.htm]
 +
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Several ways to use less sugar: Cut down slowly; go half and half; establish rules about dessert; If you must eat sweets, eat them with meals; Choose the right breakfast cereal; Don't skip meals; Don't add sugar to foods; ot for a walk when you crave sweetness; Go fat-free if you must have sweets.
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[http://www.rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=15980]
 
  
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==12. What are amino acids? How many are needed to make all the proteins in the body? What is meant by essential amino acids? How many of them are essential? Where can you get all the essential amino acids?==
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<!-- 12. What are amino acids? How many are needed to make all the proteins in the body? What is meant by essential amino acids? How many of them are essential? Where can you get all the essential amino acids? -->
 
;Definition of Essential Amino acids: the nine a-amino acids required for protein synthesis that cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained in the diet: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.  
 
;Definition of Essential Amino acids: the nine a-amino acids required for protein synthesis that cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained in the diet: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.  
 
Note: http://www.google.com enter definition essential amino acids to get this and other related definitions! [http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-28,GGLG:en&q=definition+amino+acids]
 
Note: http://www.google.com enter definition essential amino acids to get this and other related definitions! [http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-28,GGLG:en&q=definition+amino+acids]
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Of the 28 amino acids needed by humans, 9 of them cannot be manufactured by the body and are thus termed "essential."
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Only some foods contain all the essential amino acids. These are:
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milk and dairy products, eggs, fish, meat and poultry. If you don't eat animal products, the only way you can get all the essential amino acids is by combining plant foods. For example: corn plus peas or beans, rice plus beans, lentils plus bread. [http://www.dietitian.com/protein.html] Google results:[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&rls=GGLG%2CGGLG%3A2005-28%2CGGLG%3Aen&q=amino+acids+needs+to+make+proteins]
 
  
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Another term that comes up when we talk about protein nutrition is the term essential amino acid. Our bodies can make quite a number of amino acids from other chemicals that are contained in the body and can convert some amino acids into other amino acids. However, there are some amino acids we are not able to synthesize ourselves. Those particular amino acids and they must be provided to us in our diet. Those amino acids are referred to as the essential amino acids. It's not to say that the non-essential amino acids are not necessary, it's just that it is not necessary for them to be in our diet because other things in the diet can be used to make them.
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[http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-08/protein.htm]
 
  
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==13. Know the difference between water and fat soluble vitamins. What are two common vitamins that are fat soluble? What are two vitamins that are water soluble?==
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<!-- 13. Know the difference between water and fat soluble vitamins. What are two common vitamins that are fat soluble? What are two vitamins that are water soluble? -->
 
The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats). These vitamins are usually absorbed in fat globules (called chylomicrons) that travel through the lymphatic system of the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body. These fat soluble vitamins, especially vitamins A and E, are then stored in body tissues. Two common vitamins that are fat soluble (A, D, E, and K). Two vitamins that are water soluble (B and C). It determines how each vitamin acts within the body.
 
The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats). These vitamins are usually absorbed in fat globules (called chylomicrons) that travel through the lymphatic system of the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body. These fat soluble vitamins, especially vitamins A and E, are then stored in body tissues. Two common vitamins that are fat soluble (A, D, E, and K). Two vitamins that are water soluble (B and C). It determines how each vitamin acts within the body.
 
[http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10736]
 
[http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10736]
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==14. Using the book Counsels on Diet and Foods by Ellen G. White, write a paragraph on the benefits of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.==
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<!-- 14. Using the book Counsels on Diet and Foods by Ellen G. White, write a paragraph on the benefits of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. -->
 
Use the "search the writings" feature on http://www.egwestate.org
 
Use the "search the writings" feature on http://www.egwestate.org
 +
</div>
  
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==References==
 
−
*[[w:Scurvy|Wikipedia article on Scurvy]]
 
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*[[w:Beriberi|Wikipedia article on Beriberi]]
 
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*[[w:Rickets|Wikipedia article on Rickets]]
 
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*[[w:Pellagra|Wikipedia article on Pellagra]]
 
 
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==Referencias==
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{{CloseHonorPage}}

Latest revision as of 19:24, 2 January 2023

Other languages:
English • ‎español
Nutrición - Avanzado

Nivel de destreza

3

Año

1986

Version

24.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

División Norteamericana

Nutrition Advanced AY Honor.png
Nutrición - Avanzado
Artes domésticas
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
División Norteamericana
Año de introducción
1986
Vea también
Maestría de Artes domésticas


1

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

Para consejos e instrucciones, véase Nutrición.


2

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

Suggested books include:

  • Foods for Thought: Nutrition's Link to Mood, Memory, Learning and Behavior Bernell Baldwin, Vicki Griffin, Evelyn Kissinger, Review and Herald, 152 pages.
  • An Ounce of Prevention: Your Pathway to Abundant Health, Review and Herald, 64 pages.
  • Counsels on Diet and Foods Ellen G. White, Review and Herald, 512 pages.
  • Dynamic Living Hans Diehl, Dr.H.Sc., Aileen Ludington, M.D., Review and Herald, 208 pages.
  • Foods that Heal George D. Pamplona-Roger, M.D., Review and Herald, 94 pages.


3

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

This can be done with pencil and paper or with an online tool such as the one provided by the USDA at ChooseMyPlate.gov.

La especialidad de Digestión requiere un diario de alimentos de dos semanas con un análisis y cumplimiento de la especialidad Nutritión. También cubre muchos temas iguales. ¿Por qué no desarrollar juntas esta especialidad y la de Digestión?


4

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es
  • a. Calories
  • b. Protein
  • c. Iron
  • d. Calcium
  • e. Vitamin A
  • f. Thiamine
  • g. Riboflavin
  • h. Niacin
  • i. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid


5

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

The USDA's ChooseMyPlate.gov web site will compare your nutrient intake with the RDA chart.


6

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

Fiber promotes the wavelike contractions that keep food moving through the intestine. Also, high-fiber foods expand the inside walls of the colon. This eases the passage of waste. Fibrous substances pass through the intestine undigested. They also absorb many times their weight in water, resulting in softer, bulkier stools. Insoluble fiber is found in wheat, rye, bran, and other grains. It is also the fiber found in most vegetables. See [1]


7

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

Scurvy

Scurvy is a disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C and leads to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from almost all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. Scurvy was at one time common among sailors whose ships were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods.


8

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

Early, noticeable symptoms of Overt B12 Deficiency: Unusual fatigue, faulty digestion, no appetite, nausea, loss of menstruation. Also numbness and tingling of the hands and feet, nervousness, diarrhea, mild depression,etc. See [2]


9

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

http://philipngcc.homestead.com/


10

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

Saturated fats and trans fatty acids are the kinds of fats most likely to cause heart disease. Saturated fats are found mainly in animal products (eggs, butter, cheese, whole milk, and whole milk products), and in coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil. Trans fatty acids appear in foods containing hydrogenated fats like margarine and crackers. To reduce the risk of heart disease, replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats like canola oil, olive oil, flax seed oil, nuts, avocado, soy products, and nut butters. Choose margarine, cookies, crackers, and snack foods that do not contain hydro-genated fats (read the label). See [3]


11

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

There are a several reasons why sugar is ruining your health: Sugar can suppress the immune system; Sugar leads to cancer of the ovaries; Sugar can cause heart disease; Sugar can cause appendicitis; Sugar can cause multiple sclerosis; Sugar can increase cholesterol; Sugar can increase the systolic blood pressure; Sugar can cause drowsiness and decreased activity in children; Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease; Sugar can lead to prostrate cancer; Sugar can cause liver tumors; etc. [4]


12

AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es
Definition of Essential Amino acids
the nine a-amino acids required for protein synthesis that cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained in the diet: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

Note: http://www.google.com enter definition essential amino acids to get this and other related definitions! [5]


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AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats). These vitamins are usually absorbed in fat globules (called chylomicrons) that travel through the lymphatic system of the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body. These fat soluble vitamins, especially vitamins A and E, are then stored in body tissues. Two common vitamins that are fat soluble (A, D, E, and K). Two vitamins that are water soluble (B and C). It determines how each vitamin acts within the body. [6]


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AY Honors/Nutrition - Advanced/Requirements/es

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