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| | ==Industrial whistles== | | ==Industrial whistles== |
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| − | Industrial whistles are used for [[Distress signal|signal]]ling and [[time]]keeping both on [[railroad]] and [[ship]]s, and in [[factory|factories]]. Most of these whistles were [[steam power]]ed and not standardized. Individual [[locomotive]]s could be identified by their whistles. At noontime in industrial areas up into the 1950s whistles of every pitch could be heard, as each factory had a boiler and a whistle, if not full steam power.
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| − | Railroads in particular used elaborate whistle codes for communication both within the [[train]] and with other trains. These methods are maintained today with motor-powered [[air horn]]s. Trucks also use air horns, especially since they often have air brakes and so there is already a source of compressed air on board.
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| − | [[Train whistle]]s generally produce three or four different frequencies at the same time to produce a non-[[major chord]] that is distinct, loud, and low in pitch.
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| − | Ship's whistles must be very loud for [[International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea#Part D - Sound and light signals|safety on the seas]]. Modern ship's whistles can be electrically or [[Steam whistle|steam]] driven. {{RMS|Queen Mary}} was originally equipped with three electric ''Tyfon'' whistles in 1932. They could be heard at least ten miles away and were tuned to 55 Hz, a low bass ''A'' note that was chosen for maximum passenger comfort despite the high sound pressure level.<ref>[http://www.sterling.rmplc.co.uk/visions/funnel2.jpg The Voice of the Queen Mary]</ref> One of the three whistles was taken back to Kockum Sonics in [[Malmö]], [[Sweden]], where it was refurbished for a new life of service aboard the [[RMS Queen Mary 2|RMS ''Queen Mary 2'']]. Modern [[International Maritime Organization|IMO]] regulations specify ships' whistle frequencies to be in the range 70-200 Hz for vessels that are over 200 meters in length.<ref>[http://www.kockumsonics.com/products/marine/marine_tyfon_imo_regulations.htm Kockum Sonics: Tyfon product IMO regulations]</ref> Traditionally, the lower the frequency, the larger the ship. The ''Queen Mary 2'', being 345 meters long, was given the lowest possible frequency (70 Hz) for her regulation whistles which means she carries both 70 Hz modern whistles and a single vintage 55 Hz whistle.
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| | ==Safety== | | ==Safety== |
| − | Whistles are often used as warning devices or as safety devices serving to attract attention to the user. Some [[cyclist]]s use a whistle as a substitute for a [[bell (instrument)| bell]] or [[Horn (acoustic)|horn]]. It should be noted, however, that many jurisdictions require that the warning device be permanently attached to the [[bicycle]].
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| − | Rescue or survival whistles are often packed in [[survival kit]]s and attached to [[personal flotation device]]s to allow a victim to signal for help. The whistle is audible at much greater distances than the human voice, and is less likely to cause exhaustion if used repeatedly. Survival whistles differ from pea whistles in that they are usually flat, so that water cannot collect inside if the user is immersed, for example after falling overboard from a boat.
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| − | Whistles can also produce sounds at pitches inaudible to the human ear such as dog whistles which can be heard by dogs at a range beyond that of human sensory perception, or at least conscious perception.
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| | ==Sporting== | | ==Sporting== |
| − | Whistles are used by referees to officiate sporting matches. Some sports use different types of whistles, but one used around the world in many sports is the [[Fox 40]], a pealess whistle which creates sound using air pressure only.
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| − | The Fox 40 is used in Basketball, Hockey, Ice Hockey, Soccer and numerous other games, as it can be heard easily over the noise of the audience.
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| − | Another whistle widely used for sports such as Touch Football, Rugby League and Rugby Union is the Thunderer 58.5 by [[Acme Whistles]]. It is a metal whistle containing a cork pea. It is used mainly because of its design that allows the user to create a deep, low-pitch shrill that can be heard from hundreds of meters away.
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| | ==Music== | | ==Music== |
| − | [[Image:SambaWhistle.jpg|thumb|A samba whisle with three tones]]
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| − | The whistle is used in [[batucada|samba percussion groups]] as a leader help to catch the percussionnist attention. The traditional samba whistle has three tones, but as the number of musicians rises in the percussion section, pealess whistles became more popular due to their high pitch and their loud sound.
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | {{reflist}}
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| | ==External links== | | ==External links== |
| − | *[http://jquarter.members.beeb.net/walk15a.htm Joseph Hudson & Co history]dead link 29 october 2008
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| − | *[http://www.sifflets-en-terre-cuite.org/HtmlE/index.html Clay Whistles ]
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| − | *[http://blog.whistlemuseum.com/ Whistle Museum ]
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| − | [[Category:Flutes]]
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| − | [[Category:Whistles]]
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| − | [[Category:Hiking equipment]]
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| − | [[de:Trillerpfeife]]
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| − | [[es:Silbato]]
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| − | [[eo:Fajfilo]]
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| − | [[fr:Sifflet]]
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| − | [[gl:Chifre]]
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| − | [[id:Peluit]]
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| − | [[it:Fischietto]]
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| − | [[nl:Scheidsrechtersfluitje]]
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| − | [[ja:ホイッスル]]
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| − | [[pl:Gwizdek]]
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| − | [[pt:Apito]]
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| − | [[ru:Свисток]]
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| − | [[scn:Friscalettu]]
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| − | [[simple:Whistle]]
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| | [[sr:Звиждаљка]] | | [[sr:Звиждаљка]] |
| | [[fi:Pilli]] | | [[fi:Pilli]] |
