AY Honors/Geology - Advanced/Answer Key/es

Geología - Avanzado
Asociación General Estudio de la naturaleza	Destreza: 2 Año de introducción: 1975

Requisitos

1

Tener la especialidad de Geología.

Para consejos e instrucciones, véase Geología.

2

Proporcionar la siguiente información:

2a

¿Cómo los terremotos nos dicen como es el interior de la tierra?

References: http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/interior.html

2b

¿Cómo puede una gran cantidad de agua (como en el diluvio de Noé) hacer en unos meses lo que un poco de agua le costaría miles o millones de años para hacer?

A lot of water passing through an area quickly erodes the dirt and changes it into mud which can lead to a mud slide or other catastrophe (such as a drastic change in the landscape. This could include the covering of islands and continents if there is a large enough supply of water). It can destroy towns and cities, potentially washing everything away. Also if the flood were to involve glaciers and an extremely gross amount of water it could change atmospheric temperatures. It also can change the locations of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water. Also if enough water is left in an area it can form a small body of water.

2c

¿Por qué hay evidencias de glaciares en los climas templados, donde ahora no hay glaciares?

It has been concluded that in the past there was an ice age during which much of the earth was covered by glaciers. In many places the glaciers have melted away everywhere except in the high mountain elevations. When a glacier moves it leaves behind striations and grooves. Rocks are also left behind when a glacier melts as are other sediments that the glacier picked up.

2d

¿Cómo los creacionistas, que creen en un diluvio mundial y en una edad temprana para la tierra desde su creación, comprenden y utilizan el tiempo gráfico geológico?

The geological time chart is constructed by analyzing index fossils. Index fossils are fossils that evolutionists believe existed for a relatively short period of time, and are found on most, if not all the continents. Because evolutionists have assigned dates to the times when the creatures from which these fossils were formed lived, they use this information to date the layers of rock in which they are found. In other words, if they find in a layer of rock a fossil from a creature they believe to have lived between 70 and 80 million years ago, they set the date for that rock at 70-80 million years.

Creationists believe that most of the layers of rock were laid down in quick succession during Noah's flood. Often, fossils of like-type are found together in a layer, and creationists explain this by suggesting that these creatures were sorted by the flood waters. This sorting could be accomplished by the creature's mobility, meaning for example, that an animal with long legs would be better able to flee rising flood waters than an animal with small legs or with no legs. Thus, horses are found in higher strata than ladybugs.

The sorting could also be a physical phenomenon based on the shape and density of the animal, much as small rocks make their way to the bottom of a sediment, while larger rocks make their way to the top. In this case, the creatures are acting just as the rocks, with mollusks and insects being sorted to the bottom, and tigers and rhinos making their way to the top.

2e

¿Cuál es la teoría de la deriva continental (placas tectónicas) y cómo pueden los creacionistas encajar tal actividad geológica en el tiempo, desde la creación?

It was a creationist, Antonio Snider, who proposed the movement of continents during the flood. Genesis 1:9-10 indicated the land was one mass and the waters were gathered together in one place. The puzzle piece scenario of the continents, displacement of fossils and seismic observations led them to further believe that there is no slow formation. It has been stated that rapid magnetic field reversals could have happened during the flood. With the way continents move today one would have to conclude an ocean basin or mountain range would have taken about 100 million years to form. The concept that this all happened rapidly is called catastrophic plate tectonics. If crustal spreading zones expanded, hot material would rise up to the surface, heat the water and potentially cause steam to shoot into the atmosphere. This steam would turn into water vapor and fall down later as intense rain. This is one possible explanation for the 40 days of rain. The flood also answers the question of large sediment deposits.

3

¿En qué lugar en el mundo se puede ver:

3a

los grandes glaciares?

Glacier in Canada

Large glaciers are found in Antarctica, Greenland (and other arctic areas) and on mountain tops.

3b

volcanes activos?

Mount St. Helens, USA

Active volcanoes are found along faults.

3c

las dunas de arena?

Dunes in Namibia

Sand dunes are found in deserts and along beaches.

3d

hundimientos de tierra?

Sinkhole in Finland

Sinkholes are found in limestone formations.

3e

fiordos?

A fjord in Norway

Fiords (more commonly spelled fjords) are found between rocky headlands, especially in Scandinavia, but also in other parts of the world, such as Denmark. A fjord is a part of a valley made by a glacier or river from the glacier. Most of the fjord is below the current sea level, and thus filled with sea water.

3f

montañas en bloques de fallas?

Fault-block mountains are common in the Basin and Range region of the western United States.

3g

montañas plegadas?

Folded mountains occur in Orogenic zones such as the Himalayas in Asia, the Rocky Mountains in North American, and the Andes in South America.

3h

acantilados calcáreos?

Chalk cliffs in Møn, Denmark.

The Chalk Formations of Europe are thick deposits of chalk, a soft porous white limestone, deposited in a marine environment during the upper Cretaceous Period. They appear most prominently in England.

3i

témpanos de hielo?

Icebergs

Icebergs can be found in arctic areas such as Antarctica, the Arctic Ocean, Iceland, and Greenland.

3j

atolones?

Los Roques archipelago

Atolls form around volcanic islands in the Pacific ocean.

4

Escribir un ensayo de 500 palabras sobre uno de los siguientes puntos:

4a

Describir los puntos interesantes sobre geología que usted pudo ver en un viaje que tuvo recientemente.

Interesting geology could be mountain ranges, valleys, glacial lakes (such as the Great Lakes in the United States), or even road cuts (for close-up geology). Caves, beaches, plains, and river systems and deltas also provide interesting geological features.

The trip needn't be a long one, though long trips will provide more varied features.

Things to consider when writing the report are the answers to questions such as:

• How was the feature formed?
• What are the rocks made of?
• How is the geology likely to change in the future?
• Did water play a part in the formation of the features? How?

4b

Describir la actividad geológica que ocurrió a causa de una fuerte lluvia, inundación, huracán o que haya experimentado.

Heavy rains often cause local flooding. Rivers and streams can change course, often washing away roads and buildings. Floods also deposit sediments in fields.

Windstorms can blow down trees (even in large numbers), making the area more susceptible to erosion. They can also create, destroy, or reshape sand dunes.