Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Drumming & Percussion/Answer Key"

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{{merge|Marching percussion}}
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A '''rudiment''' is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a more-or-less infinite variety of ways to create drumming music.
  
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:''This article is about the marching percussion unit called a '''drumline'''. For the 2002 film, see [[Drumline (film)]]''
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There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of [[snare drum]] rudiments. The [[National Association of Rudimental Drummers]] (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the [[Percussive Arts Society]] (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".
  
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A '''drumline''' is a group of [[percussionist]]s who play a variety of [[marching percussion]] instruments. A drumline may be an incorporated section of a high school or college [[marching band]], a [[drum and bugle corps]] or [[indoor percussion ensemble]], a pipe band, or a pep band, but also can exist independent of these larger ensembles. [[Indoor percussion ensemble]]s serve as the most common outlet for stand-alone drumline performance.
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== The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments ==
  
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Most drumlines can be divided into two sections; the ''back battery'' and ''[[front ensemble]]''. However, the term ''drumline'' is frequently used to refer to just the battery.  Dividing the battery further are the sub-sections of snare drums, tenors, bass drums, and sometimes cymbals.
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=== Single Stroke Roll Rudiments ===
  
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[[image:The_drumline2.JPG|thumb|Right|''A practicing highschool drumline.'']]
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>1.</td><td>Single Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:1_single_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>2.</td><td>Single Stroke Four</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:2_single_stroke_four.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>3.</td><td>Single Stroke Seven</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:3_single_stroke_seven.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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The [[marching percussion]] instruments of a battery section features high tension drumheads so as to produce a loud, short, and articulate sound, ideal for the intricate passages played by contemporary drumlines.  Marching snares are either 13 or 14 inches in diameter, depending on whether the line is playing indoors or outdoors.  The circumference of the rim is lined with 12 evenly spaced lugs, designed to maintain the high tension of [[Kevlar]] or [[PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film]] heads.  Tenor drums are sets of multiple drums worn by one marcher, usually in sets of 3 to 6 drums.  Plastic and synthetic heads are most common in tenors and are tuned with a lower tension than snares, providing the drums with a more resonant, tonal sound which gives the drums a midrange, or tenor pitch support to the line.  Marching basses consist of groupings of 4-6 individually carried bass drums.  They are marched sequentially according size, with drum 1 being the smallest in diameter and weight and drum 4, 5, or 6, known as "bottom bass" being largest in diameter and weight.  Marching cymbals are generally marched in groups of 2-8, though the range is simply by convention.  Cymbals are held by each member of the sub-section and are either played by the individual holder, by a snare or tenor player, or used for visual purposes because of their reflective surfaces.  A specific example is the well known "V" formation formed by the cymbal line of the [[Santa Clara Vanguard]] drum and bugle corps.
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=== Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments ===
  
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The ''front ensemble'' (also ''pit'' or ''frontline'') can include any [[percussion instrument]]. This wide selection of instruments allows for the front ensemble to produce the greatest [[timbre]] variety in a marching ensemble.  Front ensemble instruments are typically stationary during performance and are therefore not bound to the limitations of being mounted to the player. Instruments usually played in the front ensemble include marimba, vibraphone, bells, xylophone, and chimes. Oftentimes, in order to add special sounds to a piece, many auxiliary percussion instruments will also be implemented by the frontline ensemble.
+
<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>4.</td><td>Multiple Bounce Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:4_multiple_bounce_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>5.</td><td>Triple Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:5_triple_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
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== Battery ==
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=== Double Stroke Rudiments ===
  
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The Battery percussion is one of the most popular sections for a drumline. There are four different types of battery percussion instruments. Marching Snare, Tenors (Quads, Quints, or Six Packs), Bass Drums (usually 5 or 6 graduating in size), and Cymbals (can be anywhere from 3 to 8 different size cymbals, usually always marching crashes).  
+
<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>6.</td><td>Double Stroke Open Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:6_double_stroke_open_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>7.</td><td>Five Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:7_five_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>8.</td><td>Six Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:8_six_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>9.</td><td>Seven Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:9_seven_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>10.</td><td>Nine Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:10_nine_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>11.</td><td>Ten Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:11_ten_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>12.</td><td>Eleven Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:12_eleven_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>13.</td><td>Thirteen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:13_thirteen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>14.</td><td>Fifteen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:14_fifteen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>15.</td><td>Seventeen Stroke Roll</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:15_seventeen_stroke_roll.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
  
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===Marching Snare===
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</table>
  
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Marching Snare is probably one of the most prestigious positions on a drumline. Although all parts are important, the snare is one of the harder drums to play. Marching Snare music is usually more complicated and difficult than the bass drums or cymbals, and thus requires a lot of skill. Snare solos are very complicated and sometimes incorporate visual tricks that one performs with sticks. The snare line's function is melodic, providing the top voice and sound creating the center figures of rhythm that could be distinguished as the melody of a segment of music being played by the drumline. The snare section leader is usually the main tempo reference for the rest of the line.
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=== Diddle Rudiments ===
  
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[[Image:17ton.jpg|thumb|Right|''A drumline with sling-harness snares.'']]
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<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>16.</td><td>Single Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:16_single_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>17.</td><td>Double Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:17_double_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>18.</td><td>Triple Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:18_triple_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>19.</td><td>Paradiddle-Diddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:19_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
−
===Tenors===
+
=== Flam Rudiments ===
  
−
Tenors (also called toms, trios, quads, quints, timp-toms, hexes or six-packs depending on the number of drums) are a set of tonal drums similar to tom-toms. Tenors are usually four or five (sometimes six) different drums that graduate in size. Since there are more drums to play, the tenors require a lot of skill and coordination. Different from snare technique, this requires more use of the arms then just the wrist. Tenors can have visuals too, but the sheer complexity of a lot of tenor solos makes enough visuals by just the movement of the arms around the drums. The tenor line's main objective in the drumline ensemble is to add melodic color to the snare sound. They can also take over and control melodic movement similar to the snares.
+
<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>20.</td><td>Flam</td>
 +
    <td><[[image:20_flam.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>21.</td><td>Flam Accent</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:21_flam_accent.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>22.</td><td>Flam Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:22_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>23.</td><td>Flamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:23_flamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>24.</td><td>Flam Paradiddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:24_flam_paradiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>25.</td><td>Single Flammed Mill</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:25_single_flammed_mill.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>26.</td><td>Flam Paradiddle-Diddle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:26_flam_paradiddle_diddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>27.</td><td>PataFlaFla</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:27_pata_flafla.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>28.</td><td>Swiss Army Triplet</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:28_swiss_army_triplet.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>29.</td><td>Inverted Flam Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:29_inverted_flam_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>30.</td><td>Flam Drag</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:30_flam_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
−
===Basses===
+
=== Drag Rudiments ===
  
−
Bass drums are the heart of a drumline. They create the deep booming sound heard in any drum line. Bass Drum solos are written for multiple drums. Instead of being played by one person, the solo is split from drum to drum. Bass drums are considered to be the least difficult drum, but harder than the cymbals. In most cases, beginners will end up playing the bass drum, though, ironically, the bass section operates as the rhythmic mainstay of the drumline. The bass section can also be the hardest to play depending on the music. Bass drum players must be very rhythmically secure in order to have a satisfactory section. Since the bass drum part is played by multiple drums, every player must "feel the beat" and count until they have a note that is to be played by the drum they are carrying. The effect is similar to that of a set of church bells.
+
<table cellpadding=7>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>31.</td><td>Drag</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:31_drag.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>32.</td><td>Single Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:32_single_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>33.</td><td>Double Drag Tap</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:33_double_drag_tap.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>34.</td><td>Lesson 25</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:34_lesson_25.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>35.</td><td>Single Dragadiggle</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:35_single_dragadiddle.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>36.</td><td>Drag Paradiddle #1</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:36_drag_paradiddle_1.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>37.</td><td>Drag Paradiddle #2</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:37_drag_paradiddle_2.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>38.</td><td>Single Ratamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:38_single_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>39.</td><td>Double Ratamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:39_double_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>40.</td><td>Triple Ratamacue</td>
 +
    <td>[[image:40_triple_ratamacue.gif]]</td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</table>
  
−
===Cymbals===
+
== Historical Organization ==
  
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Marching cymbals (referred to in slang as "plates") provide an equal musical and visual component in a drumline. Cymbals serve various roles, being played alone like [[crash cymbals]], by the snares similarly to [[ride cymbals]] (using one cymbal) or [[hi-hat]]s (pressing both together), or as [[suspended cymbal]]s (a rare effect that requires [[mallet]]s instead of [[drum stick]]s). Cymablists also flash, flip, and otherwise manipulate the cymbals for a visual effect. Cymbal lines are most present in indoor percussion ensembles, large marching bands, and drum and bugle corps (although they are rarer in [[Drum Corps International|DCI]] Division I corps).
+
=== The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments ===
 +
# The Long [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The Five Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The Seven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
# The [[Flam]]
 +
# The [[Flam]] Accent
 +
# The [[Flam]] [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Flamacue
 +
# The Ruff
 +
# The Single Drag
 +
# The Double Drag
 +
# The Double [[Paradiddle]]
 +
# The Single Ratamacue
 +
# The Triple Ratamacue
  
−
===Front Ensemble/Pit===
+
=== The Second Thirteen Rudiments ===
  
−
A Front Ensemble or Pit as it is sometimes called is a group of a drumline that stands in front of the marching band in a "pit" like area. This group plays instruments such as the Marimba and Xylophone. They will also play things like chimes and gongs. This group provides the melody of a drumline when that is all that is playing.
+
<ol start=14>
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Nine Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Ten Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Eleven Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Thirteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Fifteen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #1
 +
  <li>The Drag [[Paradiddle]] #2
 +
  <li>The Flam [[Paradiddle]]-diddle
 +
  <li>The Lesson 25
 +
  <li>The Double Ratamacue
 +
</ol>
 +
 
 +
=== The Last Fourteen Rudiments ===
 +
 
 +
More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.
 +
 
 +
<ol start=27>
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke Four
 +
  <li>The Single Stroke Seven
 +
  <li>The Multiple Bounce [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Six Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Seventeen Stroke [[drum roll|Roll]]
 +
  <li>The Triple [[Paradiddle]]
 +
  <li>The Single [[Paradiddle]]-Diddle
 +
  <li>The Single [[flam|Flammed]] Mill
 +
  <li>The [[Pataflafla]]
 +
  <li>The [[Swiss Army Triplet]]
 +
  <li>The Inverted [[Flam]] Tap
 +
  <li>The [[Flam]] [[Drag (percussion)|Drag]]
 +
  <li>The Single Dragadiddle
 +
</ol>
 +
 
 +
== Books ==
 +
 
 +
* (1812) "A New, Useful, and Complete System of Drum Beating" by [[Charles Ashworth]]
 +
* (1815) "The Art of Beating the Drum" by [[Samuel Potter]]
 +
* (1861) "The Drummers' and Fifers' Guide" by [[Bruce Emmett]]
 +
* (1869) "Strube's Drum and Fife Instructor" by [[Gardiner A. Strube]]
 +
* (1886) "The Trumpet and Drum" by [[John Philip Sousa]]
 +
* (1935) "Stick Control" by George [[Lawrence Stone]]
 +
* (1945) "The All-American Drummer" by [[Charley Wilcoxin]]
 +
* (1959) "14 Modern Contest Solos For Snare Drum" by [[John S. Pratt]]
 +
* (1979) "The Technique and Mechanics of Rudimental Snare Drumming" by [[Ken Mazur]]
 +
* (1992) "The Drummer's Rudimental Reference Book" by [[John Wooten]]
 +
* (2004) "The Beat of a Different Drummer" by [[Dominick Cuccia]]
 +
 
 +
== Notable Contributors ==
 +
 
 +
* [[Charley Wilcoxon]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[J. Burns Moore]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[George Lawrence Stone]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Earl Sturtze]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Les Parks]]: instructor & arranger, Sons of Liberty Fife & Drum Corps, Hawthorne Cabaleros, Garfield Cadets
 +
* [[John S. Pratt]]: instructor, author, teacher
 +
* [[Fred Sanford (Percussion Instructor)|Fred Sanford]]: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Ralph Hardimon]]: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Tom Float]]: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Marty Hurley]]: instructor & arranger, Phantom Regiment Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Scott Johnson (Percussion Instructor)|Scott Johnson]]: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[James Campbell (Percussion Instructor)|James Campbell]]: instructor & arranger, Cavaliers Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Bret Kuhn]]: instructor & arranger, Cavaliers Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Dennis DeLucia]]: instructor & arranger, Bridgemen Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Thom Hannum]]: instructor & arranger, Cadets Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
* [[Charley Poole, Jr.]] instructor & arranger, 27th Lancers Drum & Bugle Corps
 +
 
 +
== Hybrid Rudiments ==
 +
 
 +
Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "[[Hybrid Rudiments|hybrids]]".
 +
 
 +
<!--
 +
 
 +
==Practical Use==
 +
 
 +
Some rudiments are rather esoteric, such as the Single Flammed Mill and the Ratatap, and are used only in a very small number of drum parts. They can still provide valuable practice to all percussionists, however, as they exercise different degrees of hand-independence and fine stick control.
 +
 
 +
Others, such as the [[Flam]], [[Drag (percussion)|Drag]] and [[Paradiddle]] form the basis of a wide range of rythyms in orchestral, drum-kit and marching percussion. The [[Paradiddle]] in particular is very versatile, forming the basis of many popular music [[drum fill]]s.
 +
 
 +
-->
 +
 
 +
<!--
 +
 
 +
==Open, Closed, Open==
 +
 
 +
When used in auditions for orchestral gigs and school [[Honor Band]]s, rudiments are almost always performed in an [[Open, closed, open]] format.
 +
 
 +
-->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
−
*[http://www.drumlines.org/ Drumline Discussion Board]
+
*[http://www.vicfirth.com/education/rudiments.html Vic Firth]
 +
*[http://www.pas.org/Resources/rudiments/rudiments.html The Percussive Arts Society International Drum Rudiments]
 +
*[http://www.josiahmicheletti.com Hybrid Rudiments Collection on JosiahMicheletti.com]
 +
*[http://www.rudimentaldrumming.com RudimentalDrumming.com]
 +
*[http://www.dreadeddrummer.com/ Dreaded Drummer Productions]
 +
*[http://music.wikiot.com/MusicWiki/Category:Drums Drums at Wikiot.com] - A Wiki devoted to music.  Offers lessons to improve upon the PAS rudiments and variations of the rudiments.
  
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[[Category:Musical groups]]
+
[[Category:Percussion performance techniques]]
−
[[Category:Percussion ensembles]]
+
[[Category:Drum Rudiments]]
 
[[Category:Rudimental Percussion]]
 
[[Category:Rudimental Percussion]]
  
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[[de:Drumline]]
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[[de:Rudiments]]
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[[it:Rudimento]]
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[[fi:Rudimentit]]

Revision as of 08:33, 3 August 2006

A rudiment is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a more-or-less infinite variety of ways to create drumming music.

There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of snare drum rudiments. The National Association of Rudimental Drummers (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the Percussive Arts Society (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".

The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments

Single Stroke Roll Rudiments

1.Single Stroke Roll 1 single stroke roll.gif
2.Single Stroke Four 2 single stroke four.gif
3.Single Stroke Seven 3 single stroke seven.gif

Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments

4.Multiple Bounce Roll 4 multiple bounce roll.gif
5.Triple Stroke Roll 5 triple stroke roll.gif

Double Stroke Rudiments

6.Double Stroke Open Roll 6 double stroke open roll.gif
7.Five Stroke Roll 7 five stroke roll.gif
8.Six Stroke Roll 8 six stroke roll.gif
9.Seven Stroke Roll 9 seven stroke roll.gif
10.Nine Stroke Roll 10 nine stroke roll.gif
11.Ten Stroke Roll 11 ten stroke roll.gif
12.Eleven Stroke Roll 12 eleven stroke roll.gif
13.Thirteen Stroke Roll 13 thirteen stroke roll.gif
14.Fifteen Stroke Roll 14 fifteen stroke roll.gif
15.Seventeen Stroke Roll 15 seventeen stroke roll.gif

Diddle Rudiments

16.Single Paradiddle 16 single paradiddle.gif
17.Double Paradiddle 17 double paradiddle.gif
18.Triple Paradiddle 18 triple paradiddle.gif
19.Paradiddle-Diddle 19 paradiddle diddle.gif

Flam Rudiments

20.Flam <20 flam.gif
21.Flam Accent 21 flam accent.gif
22.Flam Tap 22 flam tap.gif
23.Flamacue 23 flamacue.gif
24.Flam Paradiddle 24 flam paradiddle.gif
25.Single Flammed Mill 25 single flammed mill.gif
26.Flam Paradiddle-Diddle 26 flam paradiddle diddle.gif
27.PataFlaFla 27 pata flafla.gif
28.Swiss Army Triplet 28 swiss army triplet.gif
29.Inverted Flam Tap 29 inverted flam tap.gif
30.Flam Drag 30 flam drag.gif

Drag Rudiments

31.Drag 31 drag.gif
32.Single Drag Tap 32 single drag tap.gif
33.Double Drag Tap 33 double drag tap.gif
34.Lesson 25 34 lesson 25.gif
35.Single Dragadiggle 35 single dragadiddle.gif
36.Drag Paradiddle #1 36 drag paradiddle 1.gif
37.Drag Paradiddle #2 37 drag paradiddle 2.gif
38.Single Ratamacue 38 single ratamacue.gif
39.Double Ratamacue 39 double ratamacue.gif
40.Triple Ratamacue 40 triple ratamacue.gif

Historical Organization

The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments

  1. The Long Roll
  2. The Five Stroke Roll
  3. The Seven Stroke Roll
  4. The Flam
  5. The Flam Accent
  6. The Flam Paradiddle
  7. The Flamacue
  8. The Ruff
  9. The Single Drag
  10. The Double Drag
  11. The Double Paradiddle
  12. The Single Ratamacue
  13. The Triple Ratamacue

The Second Thirteen Rudiments

  1. The Single Stroke Roll
  2. The Nine Stroke Roll
  3. The Ten Stroke Roll
  4. The Eleven Stroke Roll
  5. The Thirteen Stroke Roll
  6. The Fifteen Stroke Roll
  7. The Flam Tap
  8. The Single Paradiddle
  9. The Drag Paradiddle #1
  10. The Drag Paradiddle #2
  11. The Flam Paradiddle-diddle
  12. The Lesson 25
  13. The Double Ratamacue

The Last Fourteen Rudiments

More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.

  1. The Single Stroke Four
  2. The Single Stroke Seven
  3. The Multiple Bounce Roll
  4. The Triple Stroke Roll
  5. The Six Stroke Roll
  6. The Seventeen Stroke Roll
  7. The Triple Paradiddle
  8. The Single Paradiddle-Diddle
  9. The Single Flammed Mill
  10. The Pataflafla
  11. The Swiss Army Triplet
  12. The Inverted Flam Tap
  13. The Flam Drag
  14. The Single Dragadiddle

Books

Notable Contributors

Hybrid Rudiments

Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "hybrids".


External links

de:Rudiments it:Rudimento fi:Rudimentit

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