AY Honors/Temperance/Answer Key/es

Temperancia
Asociación General Crecimiento espiritual, actividades misioneras y herencia	Destreza: 2 Año de introducción: 1976

Requisitos

1

Memorizar y firmar el Voto de Temperancia:

«Consciente de la importancia de tener un cuerpo y una mente saludable, prometo que, con la ayuda de Dios, viviré una vida cristiana de verdadera temperancia en todas las cosas y me abstendré del uso del tabaco, alcohol o cualquier otro narcótico.»

2

Memorizar dos de los siguientes textos bíblicos y dos de las siguientes citas de los escritos de Elena G. de White:

2a

Textos bíblicos

i

Romanos 12:1 y 2

Por lo tanto, hermanos, os ruego por las misericordias de Dios que presentéis vuestros cuerpos como sacrificio vivo, santo, agradable a Dios, que es vuestro verdadero culto. No os conforméis a este mundo, sino transformaos por medio de la renovación de vuestro entendimiento, para que comprobéis cuál es la buena voluntad de Dios, agradable y perfecta.
-- Romanos 12:1 y 2 (RVR1995)

ii

1 Corintios 10:31

Si, pues, coméis o bebéis o hacéis otra cosa, hacedlo todo para la gloria de Dios.
-- 1 Corintios 10:31 (RVR1995)

iii

1 Corintios 6:19 y 20

¿O ignoráis que vuestro cuerpo es templo del Espíritu Santo, el cual está en vosotros, el cual habéis recibido de Dios, y que no sois vuestros?, 20 pues habéis sido comprados por precio; glorificad, pues, a Dios en vuestro cuerpo y en vuestro espíritu, los cuales son de Dios.
-- 1 Corintios 6:19 y 20 (RVR1995)

iv

Proverbios 20:1

El vino es escarnecedor, la sidra alborotadora; ninguno que por su causa yerre es sabio.
-- Proverbios 20:1 (RVR1995)

v

Gálatas 5:22 y 23

Pero el fruto del Espíritu es amor, gozo, paz, paciencia, benignidad, bondad, fe, mansedumbre, templanza; contra tales cosas no hay ley.
-- Gálatas 5:22 y 23 (RVR1995)

vi

3 Juan 2

Amado, yo deseo que tú seas prosperado en todas las cosas y que tengas salud, así como prospera tu alma.
-- 3 Juan 2 (RVR1995)

2b

Citas de Elena G. de White

i

La Temperancia, página 122.

«La verdadera temperancia nos enseña a abstenernos por completo de todo lo perjudicial, y a usar cuerdamente lo que es saludable.» La Temperancia, página 122.

ii

Consejos Sobre el Régimen Alimenticio, página 514.

«La única conducta segura consiste en no tocar ni probar té, café, vino, tabaco, opio ni bebidas alcohólicas.» Consejos Sobre el Régimen Alimenticio, página 514.

iii

La Temperancia, página 179.

«... sólo la temperancia es el fundamento de todas las gracias que proceden de Dios, el fundamento de todas las victorias a ganarse.» La Temperancia, página 179.

iv

La Temperancia, página 100.

«Una vida pura y noble, de victoria sobre nuestros apetitos y pasiones, es posible para todo el que une su débil y vacilante voluntad a la omnipotente e invariable voluntad de Dios.» La Temperancia, página 100.

v

El Ministerio de Curación, página 251.

«El tabaco es un veneno lento, insidioso, pero de los más nocivos. En cualquier forma en que se haga uso de él, mina la constitución; es tanto más peligroso cuanto sus efectos son lentos y apenas perceptibles al principio.» El Ministerio de Curación, página 251.

3

Realizar cuatro de los siguientes:

3a

Escribir y presentar un discurso de un período de cinco a ocho minutos (discurso ceremonial).

Este discurso debe ser sobre algún aspecto de la temperancia. Puede ser presentado durante la escuela sabática, un servicio de la iglesia (especialmente sábado de Conquistador), durante el devocional de su club o en cualquier cantidad de otros eventos.

3b

Escribir un ensayo sobre el alcohol, el tabaco, las drogas o la aptitud física de 150 a 200 palabras y su compromiso con un estilo de vida saludable.

Esto no es un ensayo muy largo (más o menos la mitad de una página). Un buen ensayo se divide en tres secciones principales:

1. Introducción: Esta sección presenta una visión general del tema que se va a cubrir. Puede que le resulte útil comenzar haciendo un recuento de algún acontecimiento en su vida que le llevó a elegir su tema. La introducción debe hacer alguna declaración de un hecho o de opinión (esta es su tesis), y luego presentar brevemente varias razones por las que cree que esta declaración es verdadera. Cada una de estas razones se discutirán en la siguiente sección.
2. Cuerpo: Esta sección se divide a menudo en varias secciones. Es usual presentar tres puntos principales en el cuerpo. Aquí es donde se cubrirá la parte principal del ensayo y es donde elabora su razonamiento.
3. Conclusión: Esta sección concluye el ensayo. Sería un buen lugar para hablar de su compromiso a un estilo de vida saludable.

3c

Escribir una canción publicitaria de cuatro líneas en relación a la prevención contra las drogas.

¡Las canciones son divertidas! Algunas personas encuentran útil crear una melodía primero y luego ponerla palabras. Otros prefieren encontrar las palabras primero y luego ponerlas a la música.

Un buen canto puede consistir de cuatro frases, con las segunda y cuarta frase que riman. A veces, la primera y tercera también riman, pero esto no es crítico. El número de sílabas en cada línea debe ser igual, ya que esto le dará al canto un metro agradable.

Un método consiste en escribir las dos primeras líneas, presentando su punto principal. Entonces, dese cuenta de la última palabra de la segunda línea y trate de encontrar una buena rima para ella. Algunos encuentran que es muy útil ir a través del alfabeto en búsqueda de una rima. Por ejemplo, si su segunda línea termina con «ala», sustituya el principio de la palabra con cada letra del alfabeto y vea si viene con una palabra. Haga una lista de las palabras que riman: bala (¡sí!), cala (no), dala (no), gala, (¡sí!), etc. Durante la búsqueda de una rima, concéntrese en el sonido que hace la palabra en lugar de la ortografía. Además, trate de acoplar esa primera letra con otra (como «ch») tal como L, R o H.

3d

Dibujar/hacer un cartel de 22 x 28 pulgadas (56 x 63.5 cm) que hable sobre los efectos nocivos de una droga, el tabaco o el alcohol.

See the Lettering and Poster Making honor for instructions. You may even want to get that honor while you're at it.

3e

Hacer una exposición del uso indebido de sustancias dañinas (drogas) para un centro comercial local, la bilbioteca o la escuela.

Before you begin, get permission. Some shopping centers will not allow you to display an exhibit. Public libraries or public schools may balk if the message is religious, so if you intend to exhibit there, you will need to focus on substance abuse rather than its religious significance.

3f

Hacer un álbum de recortes de al menos 20 páginas que muestra diversos anuncios de prevención contra las drogas.

See the Scrapbooking honor for lots of ideas and instruction. And again, this would be another opportunity to earn another honor.

3g

Compartir con al menos otras cinco personas (excluir los familiares inmediatos) lo que se ha realizado a partir de la lista anterior y obtener la firma de los votos del compromiso de temperancia.

Share this with your friends, your Sabbath School class members, or other members of your club. If you select option a as well, you can end your speech with an invitation to sign a Temperance Pledge.

4

Conocer y explicar:

4a

La razón detrás de la advertencia en los paquetes de cigarrillos: «Advertencia — fumar es nocivo para la salud».

The Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act is a United States federal law passed in 1970 that required a stronger health warning on cigarette packages.

The warning read: "Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined that Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health."

The act also banned cigarette advertising on radio and television.

Smoking has been linked to lung cancer by medical research institutions throughout the world (through the use of observational studies). Smoking men are 22 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smoking men and smoking women are 12 times more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smoking women. Cigarette smoking increases the risk for many types of cancer, including cancers of the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx; oesophagus; pancreas; larynx (voice box); lung; breast; uterine cervix; urinary bladder; and kidney.

4b

Siete componentes del humo de tabaco:

i

La nicotina

Nicotine, the stimulant and active ingredient in cigarettes, is highly addictive.

ii

Arsénico

This is a notoriously poisonous metalloid. Arsenic is rarely found free in nature, but its compounds are widely distributed in minerals. Arsenic and its compounds are used as pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and various alloys.

iii

Formaldehido

At concentrations above 0.1 mg/kg in air, inhaled formaldehyde can irritate the eyes and mucous membranes, resulting in watery eyes, headache, a burning sensation in the throat, and difficulty breathing.

Large formaldehyde exposures, for example from drinking formaldehyde solutions, are potentially lethal. Formaldehyde is converted to formic acid in the body, leading to a rise in blood acidity (acidosis), rapid, shallow breathing, blurred vision or complete blindness, hypothermia, and, in the most severe cases, coma or death. People who have ingested formaldehyde require immediate medical attention.

In the body, formaldehyde can cause proteins to irreversibly bind to DNA. Laboratory animals exposed to large doses of inhaled formaldehyde over their lifetimes have developed more cancers of the nose and throat than are usual. Formaldehyde is classifed as a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

iv

Monóxido de carbono

Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs after the inhalation of carbon monoxide gas. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of combustion of organic matter under conditions of restricted oxygen supply, which prevents complete oxidation to carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-irritating, making it difficult for people to detect.

v

Cianuro

Cyanide is an irreversible enzyme inhibitor. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.

vi

Fenol benzopireno

This is a highly carcinogenic and mutagenic compound which is formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Tobacco manufacturers have experimented with combustionless vaporizer technology to allow cigarettes to be consumed without the formation of carcinogenic benzopyrenes.

vii

Amoníaco

During the 1960s, Tobacco companies such as Brown & Williamson and Philip Morris began using ammonia in cigarettes. The addition of ammonia serves to enhance the delivery of nicotine into the blood stream. As a result the reinforcement effect of the nicotine was enhanced, increasing its addictive ability without actually increasing the portion of nicotine.

4c

Enfisema, cirrosis, adicción

Emphysema

Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is often caused by exposure to toxic chemicals or long-term exposure to tobacco smoke.

Emphysema is caused by loss of elasticity (increased compliance) of the lung tissue, from destruction of structures supporting the alveoli, and destruction of capillaries feeding the alveoli. Thus the small airways collapse during exhalation, although alveolar collapsibility has increased. This impedes airflow and traps air in the lungs, as with other obstructive lung diseases. Symptoms include shortness of breath on exertion and later at rest, hyperventilation, and an expanded chest.

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrous scar tissue as well as regenerative nodules (lumps that occur as a result of a process in which damaged tissue is regenerated) leading to progressive loss of liver function. Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcoholism and hepatitis C, but has many other possible causes.

Addiction

the term addiction is used to describe a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in some specific activity, despite harmful consequences to the individual's health, mental state or social life. The term is often reserved for drug addictions but it is sometimes applied to other compulsions, such as problem gambling, and compulsive overeating.

The medical community now makes a careful theoretical distinction between physical dependence (characterized by symptoms of withdrawal) and psychological dependence (or simply addiction). Addiction is now narrowly defined as "uncontrolled, compulsive use"; if there is no harm being suffered by, or damage done to, the patient or another party, then clinically it may be considered compulsive, but to the definition of some it is not categorized as "addiction". In practice, the two kinds of addiction are not always easy to distinguish. Addictions often have both physical and psychological components.

4d

Los efectos de ellos durante el embarazo:

Tobacco

According to the World Health Organization, tobacco smoke is the second biggest cause of death worldwide, just between hunger and malaria, having killed 100 million people in the 20th century, and predicted to kill one billion in the 21st century. All methods of tobacco consumption result in varying quantities of nicotine being absorbed into the user's bloodstream. Over time, tolerance and dependence develop. Absorption quantity, frequency, and speed seem to have a direct relationship with how strong a dependence (or addiction) and tolerance, might be created.

Alcohol

Ethanol is a psychoactive drug, with a depressant effect, and many societies regulate or restrict its sale and consumption. Countries place various legal drinking age restrictions on the sale of alcoholic drinks to young people. Ethanol is only slightly toxic compared to other alcohols (such as methanol, or wood alcohol - the consumption of 100ml is usually fatal), but has significant psychoactive effects. A significant blood alcohol content may be considered legal drunkenness as it reduces attention and slows reaction speed. Alcoholic beverages can be addictive and the state of addiction to ethanol is known as alcoholism.

It is common for a person suffering from alcoholism to drink well after physical health effects start to manifest. The physical health effects associated with alcohol consumption may include cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, epilepsy, polyneuropathy, alcoholic dementia, heart disease, increased chance of cancer, nutritional deficiencies, sexual dysfunction, and death from many sources.

The social problems arising from alcoholism can be significant. Being drunk or hung over during work hours can result in loss of employment, which can lead to financial problems including the loss of living quarters. Drinking at inappropriate times, and behavior caused by reduced judgment, can lead to legal consequences, such as criminal charges for drunk driving or public disorder, or civil penalties for tortuous behavior. An alcoholic's behavior and mental impairment while drunk can profoundly impact surrounding family and friends, possibly leading to marital conflict and divorce, or contributing to domestic violence. This can contribute to lasting damage to the emotional development of the alcoholic's children, even after they reach adulthood. The alcoholic could suffer from loss of respect from others who may see the problem as self-inflicted and easily avoided.

Drugs

Some of the most commonly abused drugs include alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methaqualone, and opium alkaloids. Use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm.

Depending on the actual compound, drug abuse may lead to health problems, social problems, physical dependence, or psychological addiction.

Some drugs that are subject to abuse have central nervous system (CNS) effects, which produce changes in mood, levels of awareness or perceptions and sensations. Most of these drugs also alter systems other than the CNS. But, not all centrally acting drugs are subject to abuse, which suggests that altering consciousness is not sufficient for a drug to have abuse potential. Among drugs that are abused, some appear to be more likely to lead to uncontrolled use than others, suggesting a possible hierarchy of drug-induced effects relative to abuse potential.

Pregnancy

Pregnant teenagers face many of the same obstetrics issues as women in their 20s and 30s. However, there are additional medical concerns for younger mothers, particularly those under 15 and those living in developing countries. For mothers between 15 and 19, age in itself is not a risk factor, but additional risks may be associated with socioeconomic factors.

Data supporting teenage pregnancy as a social issue in developed countries include lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and other poorer "life outcomes" in children of teenage mothers. Teenage pregnancy in developed countries is usually outside of marriage, and carries a social stigma in many communities and cultures.

Maternal and prenatal health is of particular concern among teens who are pregnant or parenting. The worldwide incidence of premature birth and low birth weight is higher among adolescent mothers. Research indicates that pregnant teens are less likely to receive prenatal care, often seeking it in the third trimester, if at all. One-third of pregnant teens receive insufficient prenatal care and that their children are more likely to suffer from health issues in childhood or be hospitalized than those born to older women. However, studies have indicated that young mothers who are given high-quality maternity care have significantly healthier babies than those that do not. Many of the health-issues associated with teenage mothers, many of whom do not have health insurance, appear to result from lack of access to high-quality medical care. Many pregnant teens are subject to nutritional deficiencies from poor eating habits common in adolescence, including attempts to lose weight through dieting, skipping meals, food faddism, snacking, and consumption of fast food.

Impact on the Mother

Being a young mother in an industrialized country can affect one's education. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school. Recent studies though have found that these mothers had already dropped out of school prior to becoming pregnant and those in school at the time of their pregnancy were as likely to graduate as their peers. One study in 2001 found that women who gave birth during their teens completed secondary-level schooling 10-12% as often and pursued post-secondary education 14-29% as often as women who waited until age 30.

Young motherhood in an industrialized country can affect employment and social class. Less than one third of teenage mothers receive any form of child support, vastly increasing the likelihood of turning to the government for assistance. The correlation between earlier childbearing and failure to complete high school reduces career opportunities for many young women. One study found that, in 1988, 60% of teenage mothers were impoverished at the time of giving birth. Additional research found that nearly 50% of all adolescent mothers sought social assistance within the first five years of their child's life. A study of 100 teenaged mothers in the United Kingdom found that only 11% received a salary while the remaining 89% were unemployed. Most British teenage mothers live in poverty, with nearly half in the bottom fifth of the income distribution.

One-fourth of adolescent mothers will have a second child within 24 months of the first. Factors that determine which are more likely to have a closely-spaced repeat birth include marriage and education: the likelihood decreases with the level of education of the young woman – or her parents – and increases if she gets married.

Impact on the Child

Early motherhood can affect the psychosocial development of the infant. The occurrence of developmental disabilities and behavioral issues is increased in children born to teen mothers. One study suggested that adolescent mothers are less likely to stimulate their infant through affectionate behaviors such as touch, smiling, and verbal communication, or to be sensitive and accepting toward his or her needs. Another found that those who had more social support were less likely to show anger toward their children or to rely upon punishment.

Poor academic performance in the children of teenage mothers has also been noted, with many of them being more likely than average to fail to graduate from secondary school, be held back a grade level, or score lower on standardized tests. Daughters born to adolescent parents are more likely to become teen mothers themselves. A son born to a young woman in her teens is three times more likely to serve time in prison.

Impact on other family members

Teen pregnancy and motherhood can have an influence upon younger siblings. One study found that the little sisters of teen mothers were less likely to place emphasis on the importance of education and employment and more likely to accept sexual initiation, parenthood, and marriage at younger ages; little brothers, too, were found to be more tolerant of non-marital and early births, in addition to being more susceptible to high-risk behaviors. An additional study discovered that those with an older sibling who is a teen parent often end up babysitting their nieces and nephews and that young girls placed in such a situation have an increased risk of getting pregnant themselves.

5

Leer el capítulo «Los estimulantes y narcóticos» (página 250) en El Ministerio de Curación. Ser capaz de hablar brevemente o proporcionar un resumen escrito aproximadamente de dos o tres párrafos de largo.

If you do not have a copy of "Ministry of Healing", you can get one through AdventSource, new or used at Amazon, Adventist Book Centers, or your local church or church school library. You can also read this chapter (as well as many of Ellen White's other writings) online at http://www.whiteestate.org/books/mh/mh26.html.

6

Después de estudiar los siguientes materiales, hacer una lista de tres cosas que contribuyen a la temperancia y el buen estado de salud (otros diferentes al abstenerse de lo que es perjudicial).

The texts below discuss temperance in labor, diet, study, and fashion.

6a

La Temperancia, página 122, párrafo 5 (Temperancia en el trabajo...)

We should practice temperance in our labor. It is not our duty to place ourselves where we shall be overworked. Some may at times be placed where this is necessary, but it should be the exception, not the rule. We are to practice temperance in all things. If we honor the Lord by acting our part, He will on His part preserve our health. We should have a sensible control of all our organs. By practicing temperance in eating, in drinking, in dressing, in labor, and in all things, we can do for ourselves what no physician can do for us.

6b

Consejos Sobre el Régimen Alimenticio, página 486, párrafo 3 (Nosotros somos...)

We are health reformers, seeking to come back, as far as possible, to the Lord's original plan of temperance. Temperance does not consist merely in abstaining from intoxicating liquors and tobacco; it extends farther than this. It must regulate what we eat.

6c

La Temperancia, página 123, párrafo 3 (Temperancia en el estudio...)

Intemperance in study is a species of intoxication, and those who indulge in it, like the drunkard, wander from safe paths, and stumble and fall in the darkness. The Lord would have every student bear in mind that the eye must be kept single to the glory of God. He is not to exhaust and waste his physical and mental powers in seeking to acquire all possible knowledge of the sciences, but is to preserve the freshness and vigor of all his powers to engage in the work which the Lord has appointed him in helping souls to find the path of righteousness.

6d

La Temperancia, página 126, párrafo 1 (El ebrio se vende...)

The drunkard sells himself for a cup of poison. Satan takes control of his reason, his affections, his conscience. Such a man is destroying the temple of God. Tea drinking helps to do this work. Yet how many there are who place destroying agencies on their tables.

6e

Consejos Sobre la Salud, página 126, párrafo 2 (Los que han recibido...)

Those who have received instruction regarding the evils of the use of flesh foods, tea and coffee, and rich and unhealthful food preparations, and who are determined to make a covenant with God by sacrifice, will not continue to indulge their appetite for food that they know to be unhealthful. God demands that the appetites be cleansed, and that self-denial be practiced in regard to those things which are not good. This is a work that will have to be done before His people can stand before Him a perfected people.

6f

La Temperancia, página 130, párrafo 3 (Por medio de estos...)

Through his devices, Satan, in many respects, has made the domestic life one of care and complicated burdens, in order to meet the demands of fashion. His purpose in doing this is to keep minds occupied so fully with the things of this life that they can give but little attention to their highest interest. Intemperance in eating and in dressing has so engrossed the minds of the Christian world that they do not take time to become intelligent in regard to the laws of their being, that they may obey them. To profess the name of Christ is of but little account if the life does not correspond with the will of God, revealed in His word. . . .

7

Discutir las siguientes situaciones y jugar el papel de lo que haría si:

a. Su mejor amigo le pide que pruebe un cigarrillo.

b. Un compañero de clase le ofrece dinero para vender marihuana.

c. Un pariente de edad avanzada le ofrece un trago de cerveza.

d. El humo del cigarrillo de un extraño está molestando.

e. Un amigo le invita a fumar marihuana.

f. Se encuentra en una fiesta con un amigo, éste se emborracha e insiste en que le llevará a casa manejando.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Outreach/Temperance/Role-play