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| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=8}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 8. Definir pictograma. ¿Qué son los petroglifos indios y dónde pueden encontrarse? --> |
| − | <!-- 8. Define pictograph. What are Indian petroglyphs and where can you find them? --> | |
| − | A '''pictograph''' is an image drawn or painted on a rock face. A '''petroglyph''' is an image carved into a rock face. The word comes from the Greek words petro-, meaning "stone" (think of Peter which means rock {{Bible link|Matthew 16:18}}) and glyphein meaning "to carve", and was originally coined in French as pétroglyphe. Petroglyphs are found world-wide, and are often (but not always) associated with prehistoric peoples.
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| − | <gallery>
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| − | Image:Newspaper rock.jpg|Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument, southern Utah, USA
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| − | image:Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland-750px.jpg|Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland, eastern California, USA
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| − | image:Pictograph_2_tds.jpg|Southern Utah, USA
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| − | image:Pictograph_tds.jpg|Southern Utah, USA
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| − | Image:Ute Petroglyphs in Arches National Park.jpg|Arches National Park
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| − | Image:Petroglyph in Arizona 2007-01-20.jpg|Arizona, USA
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| − | Image:Petroglyphs in the Columbia River Gorge.jpg|Columbia River Gorge, Washington, USA
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| − | Image:PetroglyphBelfastLassnCA.jpg|Pete's creek Belfast area of Lassen county California, USA
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | Sites in North America where petroglyphs can be found include:
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| − | * Arches National Park, Utah
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| − | * Capitol Reef National Park, Utah
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| − | * Death Valley National Park, California
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| − | * Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado and Utah
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| − | * Columbia Hills State Park, Washington
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| − | * The Cove Palisades State Park, Oregon
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| − | * Jeffers Petroglyphs, Minnesota
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| − | * Kanopolis State Park, Kansas
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| − | * Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia
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| − | * Lava Beds National Monument, Tule Lake, California
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| − | * Leo Petroglyph, Leo, Ohio[http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/leopetro/]
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| − | * Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument, Utah
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| − | * Mina, Nuevo León, Mexico
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| − | * Olympic National Park, Washington
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| − | * Petit Jean State Park, Arkansas
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| − | * Petrified Forest National Park
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| − | * Petroglyph National Monument
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| − | * Petroglyphs Provincial Park, north of Peterborough, Ontario
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| − | * Petroglyph Provincial Park, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada [http://www.britishcolumbia.com/ParksAndTrails/Parks/details/?ID=450]
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| − | * Sedona, Arizona
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| − | * Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area, Nevada
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| − | * South Mountain Park, Arizona
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| − | * St John, USVI
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| − | * Three Rivers Petroglyphs, New Mexico [http://www.desertusa.com/mag98/mar/poi/du_3rivers.html]
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| − | * West Virginia glyphs
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| − | * Writing Rock State Historical Site, North Dakota
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| − | * Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, East of Milk River, Alberta
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| − | * White Tank Mountain Regional Park, Waddell, Arizona
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| − | * Pete's creek Belfast Lassen county California BLM (Shamans cave with solar calender)
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| − | * Anza-Borrego State Park California Way off Highway 52 (mortar holes too)
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| − | * Shuswap Lake Provincial Parks, BC
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 8 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=9}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 9. Describir el uso de conchas marinas por las indígenas norteamericanas. --> |
| − | <!-- 9. Describe the use of seashells by the Indians. --> | |
| − | [[Image:Wampum william penn greaty treaty.jpg|thumb|600px]]
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| − | <br style="clear:both">
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| − | '''Wampum''' is a string of white shell beads fashioned from the North Atlantic channeled whelk shell, and was used by Native Americans who regarded it as a sacred or trade representative of the value of the artist's work. Wampum was also used for engagement, marriage, and betrothal agreements, as well as for ceremony and condolence ceremonies.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Shells were also used for jewellery, as weapons, and for decoration of tipis, clothing and objects such as bags, backrests and ownership sticks.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 9 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=10}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 10. Nombrar al menos 10 materiales utilizados en las artes y artesanías indígenas. --> |
| − | <!-- 10. Name at least ten materials used in making Indian arts and crafts. --> | |
| − | # Leather
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| − | # Fur
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| − | # Feathers
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| − | # Hair
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| − | # Antler
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| − | # Bone
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| − | # Shell
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| − | # Wood
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| − | # Bark
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| − | # Yucca
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| − | # Gourd
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| − | # Rush
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| − | # Stone/Vermillion
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| − | # Clay
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| − | # Copper
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| − | # Gold
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| − | # Silver
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| − | # Torquoise
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| − | # Sinew
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| − | # Hooves
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| − | # Stomach
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| − | # Bladder
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| − | # Prickley Pear Cactus
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| − | # Red & Yellow Cedar
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| − | # Brains,ash,urine
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| − | # Corn husks
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| − | # Tendons
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| − | # Soap plant
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| − | # Moss
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| − | # Pipestone
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| − | # Raw hide
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| − | # Flint
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| − | # Obsidian
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| − | # Turtle shell
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| − | # Grass
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| − | # Cattail leaves
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| − | # Pitch (glue)
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| − | # Char coal
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 10 --> |
| | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} | | {{ansreq|page={{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|2|1}}|num=11}} |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | <!-- 11. Hacer un artículo de artesanía, utilizando cualquiera de los materiales mencionadas en el requisito #9. --> |
| − | <!-- 11. Make a craft item, using any of the materials named in requirement ten. --> | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Stay away from projects like the very popular "dreamcatchers" as the purpose of these is to act as a protective charm to ward off evil spirits. This is contrary to Adventist teachings, and so should not be taught by an Adventist church organization, even if it is explained to the children. Do not set them down this path.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Native Americans were masters of many crafts which Pathfinders might enjoy learning. One possibility for meeting this requirement is to make a pair of moccasins.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Make moccasins/es}} |
| − | {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Make moccasins}} | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Be sure to look into the [[AY Honors/Leather Craft|Leather Craft]] and [[AY Honors/Pioneering|Pioneering]] honors if you choose to make moccasins, as making moccasins meet a requirement in each of these.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | If moccasins do not appeal to you, you could try your hand at beadwork:
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| − | * http://www.guidetobeadwork.com/book/index.html
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| − | You can also decorate your moccasins with beadwork.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Or perhaps you would enjoy pottery (see the [[AY Honors/Pottery|Pottery]] honor for details) or some other craft.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | {{clear}} |
| − | Another possible project is to make a bowl from birch bark (if it grows in your area).
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| − | {{#widget:YouTube|id=eS8Qk2asAdk}} | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> | | {{CloseReq}} <!-- 11 --> |
| − | <noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> | + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | </noinclude> | + | ==Nota histórica== |
| − | ==Historical Note== | |
| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | Esta especialidades se llamaba antes «Folclore India» pero ha sida actualizada. |
| − | This honor used to be called Indian Lore but the name has been updated.
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| − | </div>
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| | | | |
| − | <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
| + | ==Referencias== |
| − | ==References== | + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/es]] |
| − | * http://www.oregonpioneers.com/indian.htm
| + | <noinclude></noinclude> |
| − | * http://www.nativetech.org/brchbark/index.html
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| − | * http://www.desertusa.com/flora.html
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| − | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] | |
| − | <noinclude> | |
| − | </div></noinclude>
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| | {{CloseHonorPage}} | | {{CloseHonorPage}} |
