AY Honors/Lashing/Answer Key

1. Define lashing and explain its purposes.

A lashing is an arrangement of rope wire or webbing with linking device used to secure and fasten two or more items together in a somewhat rigid manner. Lashings are most commonly applied to timber poles, and are commonly associated with cargo, containerisation, the Scouting movement, and sailing.

2. How can lashing be used in a camping or outdoors setting? Give three examples.

Lashing can be used to build useful items in a camp setting. If in an area where gathering timber is allowed, the camper with proper skills can build the needed items rather than pack them in.

Three categories of items that lend themselves to lash construction include:

Furniture

Table, chair, and even beds.

Shelter

Lean-to, super shelter, tree cot, baker's tent (frame), etc.

Tools & Utensils

ladder, tripod for cooking, coat hangers, etc.

4. Demonstrate the following beginning and ending knots:

a. Timber hitch

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Timber hitch

b. Clove hitch

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Clove hitch

5. What beginning and ending knots are used in the following five types of lashing:

a. Square

Start with a clove hitch and end with two half hitches.

7. Explain the differences between a frap and a wrap.

Wrap

A wrap is a turn made around the two spars to hold the spars tightly together. Usually, three wraps are made to form a Square Lashing. Some other lashings require more wraps.

Frap

A frap is a turn made between the spars. It goes around the wraps to pull the wraps tighter. Usually two frapping turns are made on a lashing.

8. Demonstrate how to tie the following five lashings:

a. Square

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Square

b. Shear

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Shear

d. Diagonal

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Diagonal

e. Continuous

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Continuous

9. Discuss what types of weight loading each diameter of rope can handle depending on the nature of the material.

Natural Ropes

Manila

Made from the leaves of the Musa textillis tree in the Philippine Islands.

Sisal

Made from the leaves of the Agave sisalaua plant that is native to central America. Sisal and Manila are the strongest natural material ropes with a 10% stretch factor.

Hemp

Made from an annual herbaceous plant native to west and central Asia. Hemp is 2/3 as strong as Manila and Sisal rope.

Cotton

Made from the white, downy, fibrous substance that covers the seeds of the cotton plant.

Coir

Made from coconut husks.

Synthetic Ropes

Synthetic ropes are all man-made from different types of plastics. They have unique names that reflect their different properties. The strength of the synthetic rope is at least twice that of Manila or Sisal rope. The main types of synthetic ropes are:

Polypropylene and polyethylene

These are plastic ropes which stay afloat and are not affected by water. They are designed for marine purposes; they are tough and have good abrasion resistance. However, they have low stretch and heat resistance.

Terylene or polyester

These ropes stay afloat and are not affected by water. They have high heat resistance, but have low stretch.

Nylon

These have a high level of strength, do not float and are affected by wet conditions.

They have good stretch and moderate heat resistance. Nylon 6 is used in rock climbing and nylon 66 is used in abseiling. Nylon is resistant to abrasions, bacteria and most organic solvents. It is sensitive to strong acids, alkalinity and long exposure to sunlight.

10. Demonstrate ways to store ropes and wood for later use.

Rope should be Coiled up and hung up in a dry place, or put in a box or bucket. The box or bucket should have holes to let the rope breathe. This will help against rot and odors.

The wood should be bundled up and racked off the ground in a dry place, like on a wall or hung from the ceiling. If outside, the wood should be wrapped in a tarp or oiled canvas to keep out water.